Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Atrophic Rhinitis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology in which infectious agents, hereditary predisposition, and metabolic disturbances have been reported to be of primary etiologic importance. It shares many similarities, both clinically and pathologically, with ozena in man. The disease is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. The fundamental cause for the localized lesion of bone in the nasal turbinates has not been established. Reduced osteogenesis, increased resorption related to inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, and excessive resorption due to osteocytic osteolysis stimulated by hyperparathyroidism have been suggested as possible pathogenetic mechanisms.The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate ultrastructurally bone cells in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced atrophic rhinitis, and to compare these findings to those in control pigs of the same age and pigs with the naturally occurring disease, in order to define the fundamental lesion responsible for the progressive reduction in volume of the osseous core.

Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Bordetella rhinitis)

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
W. P. Switzer ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Uncertain Etiology ◽  
Experimental Disease

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology and is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. Previous investigations in our laboratory indicated that the fundamental lesion responsible for the localized osteoporotic lesion in the nasal turbinates of pigs with the naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease was reduced bone formation. The experimental disease was produced by inoculating pigs with a pooled suspension of mascerated nasal turbinates obtained from pigs with the naturally occurring disease. Although a number of factors have been suggested as the cause of porcine atrophic rhinitis, there now is considerable evidence that Bordetella bronchiseptica is a major cause of this disease. Bordella bronchiseptica consistently produces atrophy of the nasal turbinates when inoculated intranasally in young pigs and can be isolated from a large number of swine with clinical signs and lesions characteristic of atrophic rhinitis.

scholarly journals A Naturally Occurring Antibody Fragment Neutralizes Infectivity of Diverse Infectious Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Polonelli ◽  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Lisa Elviri ◽  
Pier Paolo Zanello ◽  
Laura Giovati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Fragment ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Quercetin Protects Primary Human Osteoblasts Exposed to Cigarette Smoke through Activation of the Antioxidative Enzymes HO-1 and SOD-1

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2348-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl F. Braun ◽  
Sabrina Ehnert ◽  
Thomas Freude ◽  
José T. Egaña ◽  
Thilo L. Schenck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Poor Bone Quality ◽  
Human Osteoblasts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Primary Human Osteoblasts

Smokers frequently suffer from impaired fracture healing often due to poor bone quality and stability. Cigarette smoking harms bone cells and their homeostasis by increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether Quercetin, a naturally occurring antioxidant, can protect osteoblasts from the toxic effects of smoking. Human osteoblasts exposed to cigarette smoke medium (CSM) rapidly produced ROS and their viability decreased concentration- and time-dependently. Co-, pre- and postincubation with Quercetin dose-dependently improved their viability. Quercetin increased the expression of the anti-oxidative enzymes heme-oxygenase- (HO-) 1 and superoxide-dismutase- (SOD-) 1. Inhibiting HO-1 activity abolished the protective effect of Quercetin. Our results demonstrate that CSM damages human osteoblasts by accumulation of ROS. Quercetin can diminish this damage by scavenging the radicals and by upregulating the expression of HO-1 and SOD-1. Thus, a dietary supplementation with Quercetin could improve bone matter, stability and even fracture healing in smokers.

scholarly journals Association between P2X7 Receptor Polymorphisms and Bone Status in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Syberg ◽  
Peter Schwarz ◽  
Solveig Petersen ◽  
Thomas H. Steinberg ◽  
Jens-Erik Beck Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Formation ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
P2x7 Receptors ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Macrophages from mouse strains with the naturally occurring mutation P451L in the purinergic receptor P2X7 have impaired responses to agonists (1). Because P2X7 receptors are expressed in bone cells and are implicated in bone physiology, we asked whether strains with the P451L mutation have a different bone phenotype. By sequencing the most common strains of inbred mice, we found that only a few strains (BALB, NOD, NZW, and 129) were harboring the wild allelic version of the mutation (P451) in the gene for the purinergic receptor P2X7. The strains were compared by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone markers, and three-point bending. Cultured osteoclasts were used in the ATP-induced pore formation assay. We found that strains with the P451 allele (BALB/cJ and 129X1/SvJ) had stronger femurs and higher levels of the bone resorption marker C-telopeptide collagen (CTX) compared to C57Bl/6 (B6) and DBA/2J mice. In strains with the 451L allele, pore-formation activity in osteoclastsin vitrowas lower after application of ATP. In conclusion, two strains with the 451L allele of the naturally occurring mutation P451L, have weaker bones and lower levels of CTX, suggesting lower resorption levels in these animals, which could be related to the decreased ATP-induced pore formation observedin vitro. The importance of these findings for the interpretation of the earlier reported effects of P2X7 in mice is discussed, along with strategies in developing a murine model for testing the therapeutic effects of P2X7 agonists and antagonists upon postmenopausal osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Evaluation of Thyroid Parafollicular Cells of Pigs with Naturally Occurring Atrophic Rhinitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Fetter ◽  
C.C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Parafollicular Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Storage

The thyroid parafollicular cells of 4-month-old control pigs and pigs with naturally occurring atrophic rhinitis were evaluated ultrastructurally. Significant difference was not observed in populations of parafollicular cells between the 2 groups of pigs. Parafollicular cells occurred in actively synthesizing and storage phases of the secretory cycle in both groups. Actively synthesizing cells had a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, aggregated ribosomes, and prominent Golgi apparatuses with prosecretory granules. The cytoplasm of parafollicular cells in the storage phase was packed with electron-dense secretory granules. The Golgi apparatus and ergastoplasm were less prominent. There was no evidence to suggest that an interference in the synthesis or release of thyrocalcitonin by parafollicular cells was of criologic importance in the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study in Sweden on Efficacy of Benzylpenicillin, Oxytetracycline, and Florfenicol in Treatment of Acute Undifferentiated Respiratory Disease in Calves

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Virpi Welling ◽  
Nils Lundeheim ◽  
Björn Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major indication for antibiotic treatment of cattle worldwide and some of the antibiotics used belong to classes of highest priority among those listed by WHO as critically important for human medicine. To preserve the efficacy of “newer” antibiotics, it has been suggested that “older” drugs should be revisited and used when possible. In this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of benzylpenicillin (PEN), oxytetracycline (OTC), and florfenicol (FLO) for treatment of naturally occurring BRD on two farms raising calves for slaughter. Farm personnel selected calves for enrolment, assigned calves to one of the three regimens in a systematically random manner, treated the calves, and registered the results. Overall, 117 calves were enrolled in the study. Nineteen calves relapsed in BRD before slaughter and were retreated (16.2%) and three died (2.6%). For PEN, treatment response rates after 30 days, 60 days, and until slaughter were 90.2%, 87.8%, and 80.5%, respectively; for OTC, 90.0%, 85.0%, and 85.0%, respectively; and for FLO, 86.1%, 83.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in relapse, mortality, or response rates between the three treatment regimens. This indicates that PEN, OTC, and FLO were equally effective for treatment of BRD but the results need to be confirmed in a more elaborate study with a higher statistical power. The findings support the current recommendations from the Swedish Veterinary Association and the Medical Products Agency to use benzylpenicillin as a first line antibiotic for treatment of calves with undifferentiated respiratory disease in Sweden. Due to differences in the panorama of infectious agents and presence of acquired antibiotic resistance, the findings might not be applicable in other geographical areas.

scholarly journals Invivoantimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defence

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (S1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius C. M. van Hooijdonk ◽  
K. D. Kussendrager ◽  
J. M. Steijns
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Thein vivoevidence of the antimicrobial and antiviral activity of bovine milk and colostrum derived components are reviewed with special emphasis on lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase. Their mode of action and the rationale for their application in efficacy trials with rodents, farm animals, fish and humans, to give protection against infectious agents, are described. A distinction is made between efficacy obtained by oral and non-oral administration of these non-specific defence factors which can be commercially applied in large quantities due to major achievements in dairy technology. From thein vivostudies one can infer that lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase are very promising, naturally occurring antimicrobials for use in fish farming, husbandry, oral hygiene and functional foods. Other promising milk-derived compounds include lipids, from which anti-infective degradation products are generated during digestion, and antimicrobial peptides hidden in the casein molecules.

scholarly journals Dysfunction of the mucous membrane in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases of the nasal cavity

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
P. S. Artamonova ◽  
E. A. Shevchik
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
All Diseases

Performing not only respiratory, but also protective, olfactory, aesthetic and a number of other functions, the nose is an important part of the upper respiratory tract. The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is the first protective barrier of the body that protects against the effects of adverse environmental factors, carrying out warming, purification and neutralization of the inhaled air. This mission is provided by the activity of the multilayered columnar ciliated epithelium, consisting of three main types of cells: ciliate, goblet and basal. The main protective mechanism in the nasal cavity is mucociliary clearance, carried out by means of nasal mucus and beating of cilia unidirectional towards the nasopharynx with a frequency of up to 1000 per minute. Violation of the integrity and disruption of the physiological functions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity leads to the development of pathological processes, which in turn can lead to a failure in the work of other organs and systems of the body. To date, about 16-18% of all diseases of the ENT organs are chronic forms of rhinitis. According to the ICAR classification, which is based on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of rhinitis, allergic and non-allergic forms are distinguished. Common to various forms is the effect of certain factors on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and, as a consequence, a violation of the mechanisms of its work.One of the forms of chronic rhinitis, caused by thinning of the mucous membrane and severe disorders of mucociliary transport, is atrophic rhinitis. The main symptoms of the disease are dryness, the formation of crusts in the nasal cavity, periodic bleeding. The approach to the treatment of acute and chronic processes against the background of atrophic changes in the nasal cavity should be comprehensive and aimed at restoring the physiological functions of the mucous membrane and the mechanisms of mucociliary transport.

scholarly journals Bone metabolism and evolutionary origin of osteocytes: Novel application of FIB-SEM tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. eabb9113
Author(s):  
Yara Haridy ◽  
Markus Osenberg ◽  
André Hilger ◽  
Ingo Manke ◽  
Donald Davesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunae ◽  
Initial Evolution ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis

Lacunae and canaliculi spaces of osteocytes are remarkably well preserved in fossilized bone and serve as an established proxy for bone cells. The earliest bone in the fossil record is acellular (anosteocytic), followed by cellular (osteocytic) bone in the jawless relatives of jawed vertebrates, the osteostracans, about 400 million years ago. Virtually nothing is known about the physiological pressures that would have initially favored osteocytic over anosteocytic bone. We apply focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy tomography combined with machine learning for cell detection and segmentation to image fossil cell spaces. Novel three-dimensional high-resolution images reveal areas of low density around osteocyte lacunae and their canaliculi in osteostracan bone. This provides evidence for demineralization that would have occurred in vivo as part of osteocytic osteolysis, a mechanism of mineral homeostasis, supporting the hypothesis that a physiological demand for phosphorus was the principal driver in the initial evolution of osteocytic bone.

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