scholarly journals XVI. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume.—Part II. Carbon dioxide

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 943-959 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Absolute Density ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Range Observation ◽  
Linear Nature

The present paper is occupied with an experimental investigation into the variation of the specific heat at constant volume of carbon dioxide attending change of absolute density. The investigation is in continuation of a previous one, in which Carbon Dioxide, Air, and Hydrogen were the subjects of a similar enquiry over low ranges of density. It appeared to me desirable to extend the observations more especially in the case of carbon dioxide, because of the extended knowledge we already possess of its isothermals, and the fact that its critical temperature is within convenient reach. Other physical properties of the gas have also received much attention of recent years. It is also readily procured in a nearly pure state. The observations recorded in this paper extend, in the one direction, to densities, such that liquid is present at the lower temperature; and in the other, to a junction with the highest densities of the former paper. A plotting of the new observations is in satisfactory agreement with the record of the old. It reveals, however, the fact that the linear nature of the variation of the specific heat with density, deduced from the former results, is not truly applicable over the new, much more extended range observation. For convenience the chart at the end of this paper embraces the former results, and the present paper is extended to include the entire results on the variation of specific heat with density where the range of temperature, obtaining at each experiment, is approximately the same: that from air temperature to 100° C.

scholarly journals III. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume. Part I. Air, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen

1891 ◽  
Vol 48 (292-295) ◽  
pp. 440-441 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Absolute Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute

In this first notice the specific heats, at constant volumes, of air, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen are treated over pressures ranging from 7 to 25 atmospheres. The range of temperature is not sensibly varied. It is found that the specific heats of these gases are not constant, but are variable with the density. In the case of air the departure from constancy is small and positive; that is, the specific heat increases with increase of the density. The experiments afford directly the mean value 0·1721 for the specific heat of air at the absolute density of 0·0205, corresponding to the pressure of 19·51 atmospheres. A formula based on the variation of the specific heat with density observed in the experiments ascribes the value 0·1715 for the specific heat at the pressure of one atmosphere.

I. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume. Part II. Carbon dioxide

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Absolute Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
True Specific Heat

In the former experiments on this gas, recorded in the first part of this research, the highest absolute density at which the specific heat was determined was 0·0378. In the present observations the determinations of specific heat have been carried to densities at which the substance was partly in the liquid state at the lower limit of temperature of the experiments. Observations dealing with true specific heat, uncomplicated by the presence of thermal effects due to the presence of liquid, are limited by the density 0·1444. At this density the mean specific heat over the range, 12° C. to 100° C., is 0·2035.

II. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume. Part III. The specific heat of carbon dioxide as a function of temperature

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 392-393
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Specific Heats

In order to investigate the question of the variation of the specific heat of carbon dioxide with temperature, a steam calorimeter was constructed having double walls of thin brass, between which the vapour of a liquid boiling under atmospheric pressure could be circulated. The vessels used in the experiments were hung in the closed inner chamber. Into this chamber steam could be admitted after the temperature had become stationary and the same as that of the jacketting vapour. In this way the initial temperature could be varied.

scholarly journals VI. The specific heats of metals and the relation of specific heat to atomic weight.—Part III

1904 ◽  
Vol 203 (359-371) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Weight Part ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

The law of Neumann assumes that when an atom enters into chemical combination it retains the same capacity for heat as when in the uncombined or elemental state. This generalisation is, however, based on the values observed for the mean specific heats of elements and their compounds between 0° and 100° C. Attention was directed in Part II. of this investigation to the great differences found in the influence of temperature on the specific heats of various metals, such as aluminium on the one hand, and silver or platinum on the other. The experiments now about to be described were undertaken with the object of ascertaining to what extent these differences persist in the compounds of such elements.

scholarly journals The determination of the specific heat of gases at high temperatures by the sound velocity method II—Carbon dioxide

1936 ◽  
Vol 156 (889) ◽  
pp. 504-517 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Wave System ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Heated Tube ◽  
Specific Heats

In a previous paper an account was given of experiments to determine the specific heats of carbon monoxide up to a temperature of 1800° C. by the sound velocity method. The principle of the method employed was the setting up in a heated tube of a stationary train of sound waves; the source of the wave system being a quartz crystal vibrating piezo-electrically at a known frequency.

scholarly journals VII. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume.—Part III. The specific heat of carbon dioxide as a function of temperature

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 961-981
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Points Of Interest

The question of the dependence of the specific heat of carbon dioxide upon its density having been investigated, so far as is described in Part II., the further question remained over as to whether the specific heat of a gas is dependent upons range of temperature over which the gas is heated. The question was evidently within the power of the steam calorimeter to answer, provided arrangements were ride for varying the lower limit of temperature—the initial temperature. To vary upper limit by resorting to vapours other than steam would, on the large scale on which operations were being conducted, have been costly and troublesome, though not attended with any inaccuracy, as the experiments of Wirtz on the Heats of several vapours, determined by the method of condensation, appear show. It is to be observed, indeed, that the use of vapours other than water would .ow of operations being conducted upon smaller quantities of the gas, as it would be sy to find liquids whose vapours possessed a latent heat one-half or one-fourth as eat as that of water; and a construction necessitating but little loss of vapour at experiment could be easily contrived. In this case, also, it would be necessary provide a means of varying the initial temperature. Chiefly on the grounds of supense I decided upon the use of steam in conjunction with a means of altering the initial temperature. It appeared probable, too, that the alteration of the initial temperature between 10° and 100° would disclose the chief points of interest in these of the gas under consideration, the critical temperature lying within this range.

The Specific Heat of Carbon Dioxide—Correction

1928 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
W. H. McCrea
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Heat Curve

In a recent paper in these Proceedings the writer suggested the possibility of a transition from one molecular form to another in CO2. The suggestion is embodied in the equation (10) and the resulting specific heats for low temperatures given. He greatly regrets that it was not till after those results were published that he found they gave a high and altogether impossible maximum in the specific heat curve for higher temperatures before it returns to the neighbourhood of the unmodified curve Cv′.

scholarly journals III. On the specific heats of gases at constant volume.—Part I. Air, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen

1891 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 73-117 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Perfect Gas ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Boyle’S Law

This paper is occupied with a consideration, from a purely experimental point of view, of the specific heats of three gases: (1) of air, chosen as being typical of the sensibly perfect gas, and one the properties of which have entered more into thermodynamical considerations than those of any other fluid; (2) of carbon dioxide, as typical of the imperfect gas, in the case of which there is also the advantage of an already extensive knowledge of its other properties;(3) of hydrogen, as a gas whose behaviour, as regards Boyle’s law, suggests that it occupies a peculiar position among perfect gases. The specific heats of these gases are, in this first notice, treated over pressures ranging approximately from 7 to 25 atmospheres. The range of temperature is not sensibly varied, the lower limit being that of the prevailing atmospheric temperature, the upper that of steam at ordinary pressures. The question of the relation between the specific heats of gases and their temperatures I hope to make the subject of a future notice.

scholarly journals The specific heats of air and carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure, by the continuous electrical method, at 20° C. and at 100° C

1909 ◽  
Vol 82 (553) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Elementary Theory ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Platinum Coil ◽  
A Current

A steady stream of gas was passed through a jacketed tube (the calorimeter proper), in which it was heated by a current of electricity passing through a platinum coil of 1 ohm resistance, the rise in temperature being measured by two 12-ohm platinum thermometers used differentially. If C is the electric current, E the potential difference between the ends of the heating coil, δθ the rise in temperature of the gas, Q the rate of flow of the gas in grammes per second, J the mechanical equivalent of heat, and S the specific heat of the gas at constant pressure, the elementary theory of the experiment gives CE = JSQ δθ + h δθ .

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