Spectroscopic Properties of Light Baryon

Hadron Spectroscopy provides a realm to study the internal quark dynamics within the hadrons through phenomenological, theoretical as well as experimental approaches. In the present article, an attempt has been made to exploit the nucleon N resonances using a non-relativistic hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). The properties are studied based on the linear nature of confining part of the potential. The 1S-5S, 1P-3P, 1D-2D and 1F states mostly with four star labelled resonances are explored again with the separation of charge states using different constituent quark masses. Also, Regge trajectories for some obtained states are plotted for examining the linear nature.

Modeling of stress states in intact layered rock massifs

Предложена структурная модель анизотропной среды для расчета напряженнодеформированного состояния в нетронутых массивах горных пород, которая учитывает ряд горнотехнических и горно-геологических факторов. Результаты аналитического решения позволили объяснить известные из практики натурных наблюдений факты (возможность превосходства горизонтальных напряжений над вертикальными, кусочно-линейный характер напряжений и т.д.), которые находились в противоречии с широко распространенными гипотезами о распределении напряжений в породных массивах. A structural model of an anisotropic medium is proposed for calculating the stressstrain state in intact rock massifs, which takes into account a number of mining and geological factors. The results of the analytical solution allowed us to explain the facts known from the practice of field observations (the possibility of the superiority of horizontal stresses over vertical ones, the piecewise linear nature of stresses, etc.), which were in contradiction with the widespread hypotheses about the distribution of stresses in rock massifs.

Brief communication: Weak control of snow avalanche deposit volumes by avalanche path morphology

Snow avalanches are a major component of the mountain cryosphere, but little is known about the factors controlling the variability of their deposit volumes. This study investigates the influence of avalanche path morphology on ca. 1500 deposit volumes recorded between 2003 and 2018 in 77 snow avalanche paths of the French Alps. Different statistical techniques show a slight but significant link between deposit volumes and path mean elevation and orientation, with contrasted patterns between winter and spring seasons. The limited and partially non-linear nature of this control may result from the combined influence on the genesis of deposit volumes of mean path activity, climate conditions, and mechanical thresholds determining avalanche release.

A Parameter-Free Approach for Fault Section Detection on Distribution Networks Employing Gated Recurrent Unit

Faults in distribution networks can result in severe transients, equipment failure, and power outages. The quick and accurate detection of the faulty section enables the operator to avoid prolonged power outages and economic losses by quickly retrieving the network. However, the occurrence of diverse fault types with various resistances and locations and the highly non-linear nature of distribution networks make fault section detection challenging for numerous conventional techniques. This study presents a cutting-edge deep learning-based algorithm to distinguish fault sections in distribution networks to address these issues. The proposed gated recurrent unit model utilizes only two samples of the angle between the voltage and current on either side of the feeders, which record by smart feeder meters, to detect faulty sections in real time. When a network fault occurs, the protection relays trigger the trip command for the breakers. Immediately, the angle data are obtained from all smart feeder meters of the network, which comprises a pre-fault sample and a post-fault sample. The data are then employed as an input to the pre-trained gated recurrent unit model to determine the faulted line. The performance of this novel algorithm was validated through simulations of various fault types in the IEEE-33 bus system. The model recognizes the faulty section with competitive performance in terms of accuracy.

Paradoxes of G.W.F. Hegel’s Biography and Philosophical Ideology

The article examines the paradoxical nature of G.W.F. Hegel’s biography and philosophical ideology. The essence of paradoxicality is substantiated by several factors – biographical, historical-philosophical, hermeneutical, and concrete-historical. The purpose of the work is to identify insufficiently known aspects of the personality and philosophical ideology of the thinker. Methodologically, the study is constructed using dialectical and historical-logical methods. The results of the study are to reveal the voluminous inconsistency of Hegel’s biography and thought; to clarify both the positive and negative aspects of his philosophical ideology. The author shows a number of paradoxes of Hegel’s philosophy: first, the understanding of development as a ‘hard’ war against itself and inattention to the multifactorial and non-linear nature of many processes; secondly, focusing on a logical idea belittles or denies the value of everything else, including living and human beings; thirdly, the desire to raise a person to ‘the highest’ position and at the same time enslave him as a universal creature and a state citizen; fourth, Hegel’s essentialism is frankly anti-existential and merciless to everything private and subjective; fifth, Hegel’s seemingly flawless scientific system suffers from inattention to the complexity and unpredictability of reality; sixth, the Lutheran religiosity of the philosopher turns out to be almost anti-Christian – with the non-recognition of the Most Holy Trinity, without the desire to become a ‘servant’ of another, etc.; seventh, Hegel’s decency and philistine ‘kindness’ are radically different from his pejorative attitude towards the female sex, other peoples, races, and civilizations. Colonialism is justified. Hence, it was quite natural for the German Nazis to turn to Hegel’s ideas. Eighth, the great dialectic has too much belittled the reality of static things, unambiguity and invariance. The novelty of the research lies in the recognition of the true causes and tasks of the thinker’s life and work; in the explanation of his main values, including his understanding of Christianity; in the clarification of the Hegel-German and Hegel-citizen positions. The conclusions of the study are related to the antithetical comparison of the ideology and philosophy of Hegel and Hesse, Hegel and Shestov. The author highlights anti-existential and racial-nationalist motives of the philosopher’s work.

smartPIV – an app for flow visualization by cross-correlation and optical flow using smartphones

In recent years smartphones considerably changed our communication and are used on a daily (or even every minute) basis especially by students without any difficulties. Fluid flows also belong to our daily experiences. However, the education of the basic principles of fluid mechanics is sometimes cumbersome due to its non-linear nature. This problem may be tackled in practical sessions applying flow visualization techniques in wind or water tunnels and directly learn from own observations. Nowadays, often optical methods like particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) or particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are used for these purposes. A typical PIV/PTV setup consists of a (double)pulse laser, a scientific camera and a synchronization device. The costs for this equipment can easily add up to more than 100,000 euros and the installations and set up of the systems requires experiences and is complex. For these reasons Universities often only offer practical courses for a small amount of students and the students may not be allowed to use and set up the systems by their own as the equipment is also needed for scientific research. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic it is also often not allowed to share equipment or even to work in larger groups during practical sessions.

Iovănel’s Sociology and the Utility of Pop Culture. Analyzing the Contemporary Understanding of Literary Marginality in Romania

This article analyzes the role of cultural sociology and elements of pop culture when exploring the current relationship between Romanian literature and the world literary system. I use Mihai Iovănel’s work (his recent History, as well as previous research) as a springboard into a discussion about the paradoxes and the disputes characterizing contemporary World Literature studies and I argue that his employment of materialism and cultural sociology alike helps move past some of the blind spots of the discipline. The final section of the article then shows that Iovănel’s focus on popular culture also informs his understanding of literary circulation, highlighting its unpredictable and non-linear nature.

Stormwater Management and Roadways

Nonpoint source pollution is common in highly developed areas worldwide, degrading downstream water quality conditions and causing algal growth, aquatic toxicity, and sometimes fish kills. Stormwater runoff that results from rainfall or snowmelt events creates high-flow runoff from impervious surfaces and adjacent areas transporting multiple pollutants to the receiving waters. Although water quality regulations in the developed world have been effective in cleaning up wastewater discharges, their success with remediating stormwater discharges has not been consistent. An exploration of the sources, characteristics, and treatment of roadway runoff, a type of runoff that can be toxic and more difficult to manage because of the linear nature of the road network, is necessary. Since 1975, there have been more than 50 major roadway studies quantifying the sources and types of runoff contaminants like sediment, metals, inorganic salts, and organic compounds. Vehicle sources of pollutants are considered the most pernicious of all roadway contaminants, with brakes and tires being major sources. In the last decade, the leachate from tire wear particles has been linked to toxicity in coho salmon. Nonstructural stormwater management minimizes contamination by using source controls; for example, the elimination of almost all lead in automotive fuel has reduced roadway lead contamination significantly and the introduction of low-copper brake pads in the United States is expected to reduce roadway copper contamination over time. Structural stormwater management practices treat contaminated roadway runoff using small natural treatment systems; this is due in large part to the linear nature of roadways that makes larger regional systems more difficult. Since 2000, treatment performance has improved; however, there is still a great need for further improvement. Suggestions for treatment improvements include designing with low maintenance in mind; applying machine learning to the existing data; improving the understanding of road-land pollutant dynamics; using a transdisciplinary applied research approach to identify the means to improve treatment and reduce toxicity; improving the media used in treatment systems to enhance performance; improving structural strength of permeable pavement; and increasing implementation by facilitating ways to allow/encourage small, effective, and less costly alternatives.

Unit commitment using complementarity

A need exists to optimally dispatch power generation to meet per-hour requirements on the power grid. This is a well documented and established problem called Unit Commitment (UC). It is commonly formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), which utilizes intelligent solvers to produce a solution with speed and accuracy. The linear nature of MILP requires linear approximations of nonlinear constraints. This work introduces the Theory of Complementarity in order to remove integer variables, resulting in a continuous rather than a discontinuous solution space. This permits use of classical solution techniques, as well as nonlinear constraints, thereby increasing accuracy. A formulation is developed to demonstrate a proof of concept of the complementarity theory as used in UC. A subset of constraints will be used and the results will be compared against an MILP optimization, for 10-and 26-generator configurations. Similar trends in generator status and total cost are noted.

Unit commitment using complementarity

A need exists to optimally dispatch power generation to meet per-hour requirements on the power grid. This is a well documented and established problem called Unit Commitment (UC). It is commonly formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), which utilizes intelligent solvers to produce a solution with speed and accuracy. The linear nature of MILP requires linear approximations of nonlinear constraints. This work introduces the Theory of Complementarity in order to remove integer variables, resulting in a continuous rather than a discontinuous solution space. This permits use of classical solution techniques, as well as nonlinear constraints, thereby increasing accuracy. A formulation is developed to demonstrate a proof of concept of the complementarity theory as used in UC. A subset of constraints will be used and the results will be compared against an MILP optimization, for 10-and 26-generator configurations. Similar trends in generator status and total cost are noted.