scholarly journals XIX. On the photographic arc spectrum of iron meteorites

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 1023-1028
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Iron Meteorites ◽  
Electrolytic Iron ◽  
Comparison Spectrum ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
Oxyhydrogen Flame ◽  
Made In

In a communication to the Royal Society in 1887, I gave an account of certain experiments which I had made in connection with the spectra of various meteorites at various temperatures. The spectra were observed at the temperature of the oxyhydrogen flame and the electric spark without jar, and when glowed in vacuum tubes. Some larger specimens of the iron meteorites, Nejed and Obernkirchen, cut so that they were of a size and shape suitable for forming the poles of an arc lamp, having afterwards been kindly placed at my disposal by the Trustees of the British Museum, it became possible to study the arc spectra of these meteorites under very favourable conditions, all impurities introduced by the use of the carbon poles being thus avoided. The region of the spectrum photographed extends from K to D, in the case of each meteorite, and in addition to the solar spectrum, that of electrolytic iron, prepared by Professor Roberts-Austen, referred to in a previous communication, has been used as a comparison spectrum in one case.

scholarly journals XVIII. On the photographic arc spectrum of electrolytic iron

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 983-1021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Electrolytic Iron ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

In the Bakerian Lecture for 1873 I gave an account of my early researches on the spectrum of iron, which had been commenced in 1870, and suggested a possible method of spectroscopically eliminating impurities. I then hazarded the statement that “in cases of coincidences found between the lines of various spectra, the line may be fairly assumed to belong to that one in which it is longest and brighest." The method was illustrated by three plates, one of which showed the long and short lines of iron near F; another the spectra of manganese, nickel, Lenarto meteorite, and iron from about G to H; whilst the third was a comparison of the spectra of calcium and barium with the solar spectrum. The subject was subsequently referred to in communications to the Royal Society, in 1874; and with regard to the method of treatment for the elimination of lines due to impurities, I remarked: “The spectrum of the element is first confronted with the spectra of substances most likely to be present as impurities, and with those of metals, which, according to Thalén’s measurements, contain in their spectra coincident lines. Lines due to impurities, if any are thus traced, are marked for omission from the map and their true sources recorded, while any line that is observed to vary in length and thickness in the various photographs is at once suspected to be an impurity line, and, if traced to such, is likewise marked for omission." This work was very laborious, and I appealed “to some other man of science, if not in England, then in some other country, to come forward to aid in the work, which it is improbable that I, with my small observational means and limited time, can carry to a termination.”

Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom: Report of the Council for 1944–45

1946 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Marine Biology ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Distinguished Member ◽  
Made In

By the death of Lord Moyne, assassinated in Cairo on 6 November 1944, the Association has lost a very distinguished member who had contributed generously to improvements at the Plymouth laboratory and had himself made important contributions to Marine Biology. Lord Moyne had been a Governor since 1929; he was President of the Association from 1930 to 1939 and was a Vice-President at the time of his death. During the past year the Association has also suffered by the loss of Mr J. R. Norman of the staff of the British Museum, who had served on a number of occasions as a member of Council.Four ordinary meetings of Council were held during the year, two in the rooms of the Royal Society in London, one in the Zoological Laboratory at Cambridge and one at Plymouth. At these the average attendance was II. The Association is indebted to the President and Council of the Royal Society and to Prof. Gray for their kindness in providing accommodation for three of the meetings.The Plymouth LaboratoryDuring the year considerable progress has been made in the restoration of the laboratory buildings. When it became evident that enemy raids on Plymouth had ended repairs to the asphalt roofing of the buildings were carried out and the lantern light in the library was renovated, while extensive work was undertaken by the laboratory staff. Included in the latter was the replacement of numerous panes of glass in the main laboratory, the reglazing and complete internal redecoration of the library, and repairs to the constant temperature rooms.

scholarly journals XVIII. Supplementary observations on the structure of the belemnite and belemnoteuthis

1850 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conical Shell ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Previous Communication

As several eminent naturalists have expressed doubts of the correctness of my in­terpretation of some of the facts described in the Memoir on the Belemnite and Belemnoteuthis, published in the Philosophical Transactions, Part II. 1848, I am in­duced to lay before the Royal Society the following additional observations in con­firmation of the opinions advanced in my previous communication on this subject. That distinguished naturalist, Mr. J. E. Gray, has especially controverted my state­ment that the phragmocone of the Belemnites of the Oxford Clay possessed a pair of elongated shelly processes, which extended beyond the peristome or upper border of the conical chambered shell; the aperture resembling in this respect that of cer­tain species of Ammonites. In the recently published " Catalogue of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum ,” Mr. Gray remarks, “Dr. Mantell has figured a specimen which appears to have an elongated process on each side, like the processes on the sides of the mouth of certain Ammonites; but on examining his specimen I am very doubtful if this appearance does not arise from an accidental fracture of the upper part of the conical shell.”

Cuckoo chicks evicting their nest mates: coincidental observations by Edward Jenner in England and Antoine Joseph Lottinger in France

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer G. Sealy ◽  
Mélanie F. Guigueno
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Cuckoo Chick ◽  
The Common ◽  
Made In ◽  
Royal Society Of London

For centuries, naturalists were aware that soon after hatching the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) chick became the sole occupant of the fosterer's nest. Most naturalists thought the adult cuckoo returned to the nest and removed or ate the fosterer's eggs and young, or the cuckoo chick crowded its nest mates out of the nest. Edward Jenner published the first description of cuckoo chicks evicting eggs and young over the side of the nest. Jenner's observations, made in England in 1786 and 1787, were published by the Royal Society of London in 1788. Four years before Jenner's observations, in 1782, Antoine Joseph Lottinger recorded eviction behaviour in France and published his observations in Histoire du coucou d'Europe, in 1795. The importance of Lottinger's and Jenner's observations is considered together.

scholarly journals On the observation of sun and stars made in some British stone circles

1908 ◽  
Vol 80 (538) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Class ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Made In

In previous communications to the Royal Society, I have shown that if we consider the sun’s declination at the quarter-days of the May year and at the solstices, and also the changes due to precession in the places of five or six of the more conspicuous stars visible, at any epoch, in these latitudes we are able to account for the alignments investigated in the stone monuments in Cornwall and Devon. The present paper deals with a special class of circles in Aberdeenshire in which the method of indicating alignments shows a striking difference. The Cornish method was that still set out in the instructions for the erection of the Gorsedd circle of the Welsh Eisteddfod, the sighting, or directing, stones were placed some distance outside the circle. In Aberdeenshire the method employed was to place a long, recumbent stone generally between two of the upright stones of the circle itself and to obtain the direction of the rising sun or star by sighting across the circle at right angles to the length of the recumbent stone.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

III.—A Portable Dial in the form of a book, with Figures derived from Raymond Lul

Archaeologia ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Cover ◽  
Made In

The dial forming the subject of this paper, acquired by the British Museum in 1923, is of gilt copper, made in the form of a book, along the edges of which are inscribed in capitals the words: Lucerna instrumentalis | intellectus directiva | sive instrumentum sciendi. The dial-plate which is fixed in the interior has a compass and two very short gnomons. It is for use in the latitudes of 42 and 45, and would serve for Rome and one of the large towns in the North Italian plain, perhaps Milan or Venice. It was made at Rome in the year 1593, as shown by the inscription on the dial-plate. On the cover is a shield of arms, barry, and in chief the letters I H S surmounted by a cross, a feature perhaps indicating that the owner was a member of the Society of Jesus; a fuller device, in which the three nails of the Passion are seen below the sacred monogram and cross, occupies the centre of the figure on the outside of the lower cover. The identification of the arms presents difficulties. They might be those of the Caraffa (gules, three bars argent), a member of which family, Vincenzio Caraffa, was general of the Jesuits in 1645.

scholarly journals XXXIV. On the transit of Venus in 1769. To the Right Honourable The Earl of Morton, President to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, this discourse is, with all humility, inscribed, by their humble servant, Thomas Hornsby

1765 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The observations of the late transit of Venus, though made with all possible care and accuracy, have not enabled us to determine with certainty the real quantity of the sun's parallax; since, by a comparison of the observations made in several parts of the globe, the sun's parallax is not less than 8" 1/2, nor does it seem to exceed 10". From the labours of those gentlemen, who have attempted to deduce this quantity from the theory of gravity, it should seem that the earth performs its annual revolution round the sun at a greater distance than is generally imagined: since Mr. Professor Stewart has determined the sun's parallax to be only 6', 9, and Mr. Mayer, the late celebrated Professor at Gottingen, who hath brought the lunar tables to a degree of perfection almost unexpected, is of opinion that it cannot exceed 8".

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