scholarly journals XVIII. Supplementary observations on the structure of the belemnite and belemnoteuthis

1850 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conical Shell ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Previous Communication

As several eminent naturalists have expressed doubts of the correctness of my in­terpretation of some of the facts described in the Memoir on the Belemnite and Belemnoteuthis, published in the Philosophical Transactions, Part II. 1848, I am in­duced to lay before the Royal Society the following additional observations in con­firmation of the opinions advanced in my previous communication on this subject. That distinguished naturalist, Mr. J. E. Gray, has especially controverted my state­ment that the phragmocone of the Belemnites of the Oxford Clay possessed a pair of elongated shelly processes, which extended beyond the peristome or upper border of the conical chambered shell; the aperture resembling in this respect that of cer­tain species of Ammonites. In the recently published " Catalogue of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum ,” Mr. Gray remarks, “Dr. Mantell has figured a specimen which appears to have an elongated process on each side, like the processes on the sides of the mouth of certain Ammonites; but on examining his specimen I am very doubtful if this appearance does not arise from an accidental fracture of the upper part of the conical shell.”

scholarly journals XIX. On the photographic arc spectrum of iron meteorites

1894 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 1023-1028
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Iron Meteorites ◽  
Electrolytic Iron ◽  
Comparison Spectrum ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
Oxyhydrogen Flame ◽  
Made In

In a communication to the Royal Society in 1887, I gave an account of certain experiments which I had made in connection with the spectra of various meteorites at various temperatures. The spectra were observed at the temperature of the oxyhydrogen flame and the electric spark without jar, and when glowed in vacuum tubes. Some larger specimens of the iron meteorites, Nejed and Obernkirchen, cut so that they were of a size and shape suitable for forming the poles of an arc lamp, having afterwards been kindly placed at my disposal by the Trustees of the British Museum, it became possible to study the arc spectra of these meteorites under very favourable conditions, all impurities introduced by the use of the carbon poles being thus avoided. The region of the spectrum photographed extends from K to D, in the case of each meteorite, and in addition to the solar spectrum, that of electrolytic iron, prepared by Professor Roberts-Austen, referred to in a previous communication, has been used as a comparison spectrum in one case.

XXVIII. On the nature of the forces concerned in producing the greater magnetic disturbances

1862 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Secondary Currents ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances

1. In a previous communication submitted to the Royal Society on June 28th, 1861, and since published in their Transactions, I ventured to make a suggestion regarding the nature of that connexion which subsists between magnetic disturbances, earth-currents, and auroras. In this hypothesis the earth was viewed as similar to the soft iron core of a Ruhmkorff’s machine, in which a primary disturbing current was supposed to induce mag­netism. Earth-currents and auroras, on the other hand, were viewed as induced or secondary currents, caused by the small but abrupt changes which are constantly taking place in the strength of the primary disturbing current, these changes being very much heightened in effect by the action of the iron core, that is to say, of the earth.

scholarly journals THE OLDEST FIGURES OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS

1882 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
H. A. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Small Band

The Gazophylacium of Jacob Petiver, Apothecary in London (died 1715) is a very rare book, as the plates and the catalogues were printed and published at different times between 1695 and 1715. They were collected later and published by Mr. Empson, an officer of the British Museum and a natural son of Sir Hans Sloane, in 1764, in London, with the title, “Jacobi Petiveri Opera, etc., or Gazophylacium, 2 vol. fol.” A small volume in 8vo contains the original sheets published by Petiver between 1695 and 1706. The library of the Museum of Comp. Zool. at Cambridge possesses a copy presented, June 1765 by Emanuel Mendez da Costa, Librarian of the Royal Society, to Thomas Knowlton. The collection of J. Petiver, at least the Lepidoptera, is still preserved in the British Museum, and was seen by me in 1857. Every butterfly is placed between two thin plates of mica, fastened with a small band of paper around the margin, and glued with one flying slip to the pages of a book in quarto, so that every species can be examined above and beneath.

scholarly journals IV. Notice as to the supposed identity of the large mass meteoric iron now in the British Museum, with the celebrated Otumpa iron described by Rubin de Celis in the Philosophical Transactions for 1786. Communicated in a letter from Woodbine Parish, Esq. F. R. S. to Charles König, Esq. Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society

1834 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 53-54
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
The Real ◽  
Gran Chaco ◽  
Native Iron ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Humphry Davy

As the identity of the large mass of meteoric iron in the British Museum with the celebrated Otumpa iron, described by Rubin de Celis in the Philosophical Transactions for 1786, has been the subject of frequent inquiry, the following short historical notice, relating to that mass, is communicated by Woodbine Parish, Esq. F. R. S., by whom, when His Majesty’s Chargé d’Affaires at Buenos Ayres, it was sent to England. -C. K. “Dear Sir, “Agreeably to my promise, I have taken some trouble to ascertain the precise history of the large mass of native iron which I sent home to Sir Humphry Davy from Buenos Ayres, and which is deposited in the British Museum. There is no doubt of its coming from the same place as that described by Rubin de Celis, though whether it be a fragment of that particular mass upon which he made his report, or a smaller one in its immediate vicinity, I am not able to say, for there certainly is an impression at Buenos Ayres that there is not only one, but that several masses of this iron are to be found in that part of the Gran Chaco referred to by Rubin de Celis. I was under the impression that it had been sent for in order to be forwarded to Madrid; but in this I was led into error; and I have only lately ascertained through Mr. Moreno, the Buenos Ayrean Minister, that the real history of its being at Buenos Ayres is as follows.

scholarly journals On the hour lines of the ancients

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conical Surface ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Straight Lines

The hour lines on the sundials of the ancient Greeks and Romans correspond to the division of the time between sun rise and sun-set into twelve equal parts, which was their mode of computing time. An example of these hour lines occurs in an ancient Greek sundial, forming part of the Elgin collection of marbles at the British Museum, and which there is reason to believe had been constructed during the reign of the Antonines. This dial contains the twelve hour lines drawn on two vertical planes, which are inclined to each other at an angle of 106°; the line bisecting that angle having been in the meridian. The hour lines actually traced on the dial consist of such portions only as were requisite for the purpose the dial was intended to serve: and these portions are sensibly straight lines. But the author has shown, in a paper published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, that if these lines are continued through the whole zone of the rising and setting semidiurnal arcs, they will be found to be curves of double curvature on the sphere. In the present paper the author enters into an investigation of the course of these curves; first selecting as an example the lines indicating the 3rd and the 9th hours of the ancients. These lines are formed by the points of bisection of all the rising and setting semidiurnal arcs; commencing from the southern point where the meridian cuts the horizon, and proceeding till the line reaches to the first of the always apparent parallels, which, being a complete circle, it meets at the end of its first quadrant. At this point the branch of another and similar curve is continuous with it: namely, a curve which in its course bisects another set of semidiurnal arcs, belonging to a place situated on the same parallel of latitude as the first, but distant from it 180° in longitude. Continuing to trace the course of this curve, along its different branches, we find it at last returning into itself, the whole curve being characterized by four points of flexure. If the describing point be considered as the extremity of a radius, it will be found that this radius has described, in its revolution, a conical surface with two opposite undulations above, and two below the equator. The right section of this cone presents two opposite hyperbolas between asymptotes which cross one another at right angles This cone varies in its breadth in different positions of the sphere; diminishing as the latitude of the place increases. The cones to which the other ancient hour lines belong, are of the same description, having undulations alternately above and below the equator; but they differ from one another in the number of the undulations: and some of these require more than one revolution to complete their surface. The properties of the cones and lines thus generated, may be rendered evident by drawing the sections of the cones on the sphere, in perspective, either on a cylindrical or on a plane surface: several examples of which are given in the paper.

scholarly journals The consumption of carbon in the electric arc. No. III.—The anode loss

1916 ◽  
Vol 92 (638) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
College Reading ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
Rate Of Consumption

1. In a previous communication to the Royal Society experiments conducted in the Physical Laboratory of University College, Reading, have been described, from which it appears that the rate of consumption of carbon from the cathode of a very short are is such that the departure of one atom is accompanied by the transference between the poles of four electronic charges. The loss of weight of the anode is larger than this, on account of subsidiary combustion or evaporation occasioned by the high temperature of the crater. An experiment bas been described in the paper referred to which demonstrates the supreme importance of a hot cathode; the are could be maintained with a hot cathode alone, but not with a hot anode alone. It was suspected in consequence of this that the anode consumption of carbon was unimportant, and the experiment was repeated in the following manner for the purpose of testing this.

scholarly journals Historical notice to the supposed identity of the large mass of meteoric iron now in the British Museum, with the celebrated otumpa iron described by Rubin de Celis, in the philosophical transactions for 1786. Communicated in a letter from Woodbine Parish, jun., Esq., F. R. S., to Charles Konig, Esq., Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 213-213
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
The People

The mass of iron in question was transmitted to Buenos Ayres, for the purpose of being manufactured into fire-arms, at the period when the people of that country declared themselves independent of Spain; but a supply of arms having in the meanwhile arrived, it was deposited in the Arsenal, and afterwards given to Mr. Parish, who transmitted it to England. Its identity with the mass of iron described by De Celis, though probable, is not exactly determined.

Additional observations on the osteology of the iguanodon and hylæosaurus

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 804-806
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
The South ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
Private Collections

This memoir is supplementary to the author’s former communications to the Royal Society on the same subject, and comprises an account of some important additions which he has lately made to our previous knowledge of the osteological structure of the colossal reptiles of the Wealden of the South-east of England. The acquisition of some gigantic and well-preserved vertebræ and bones of the extremities from the Isle of Wight, and of other instructive specimens from Sussex and Surrey, induced the author to resume his examination of the detached parts of the skeletons of the Wealden reptiles in the British Museum, and in several private collections; and he states as the most important result of his investigations, the determination of the structure of the vertebral column, pectoral arch, and anterior extremities of the Iguanodon. In the laborious and difficult task of examining and comparing the numerous detached, and for the most part mutilated bones of the spinal column, Dr. Mantell expresses his deep obligation to Dr. G. A. Melville, whose elaborate and accurate anatomical description of the vertebræ is appended to the memoir. The most interesting fossil remains are described in detail in the following order.

The Royal Society and the foundation of the British Museum, 1753-1781

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Early Years

The accounts of the foundation, in 1753, of the British Museum and the development of its early years, have little to say of the influence of the Royal Society as an institution. Whether one turns, for instance, to two works a century apart, such as Edward Edwards’s Lives of the Founders . . . of 1870 or to Edward Miller’s Noble Cabinet of 1973, or to a number of summaries in the years between, the fact is not brought out (1). So many of the executors of Sir Hans Sloane’s Will and of the various classes of Trustees appointed to implement it were Fellows of the Society, that the influence of the Society itself has come to be taken for granted, or perhaps ignored. Nevertheless, it is strange that no convenient record should exist of the names of those whose participation or interest in the first quarter of a century of the Museum’s existence constituted what was in effect a consensus of opinion in the development of a national institution. Those twenty-five years from 1756, when the Sloane Collections were moved into Montagu House, to 1781, when the Royal Society’s Museum was made over as a gift to the British Museum, were in fact the Museum’s formative period. By 1781 it had come of age.

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