scholarly journals Studies in the Biochemistry of Micro-organisms. Part XVII. The Products of Glucose Metabolism formed by various species of Fungi ( Helminthosporium, Clasterosporium , etc.)

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 331-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Centraalbureau Voor ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Aspergillus Wentii ◽  
Micro Organisms

In the following paper an account is given of the investigation of the metabolic products formed from glucose by various species of fungi belonging to different genera. These species were chosen for investigation since the carbon balance sheets prepared for them, when grown on Czapek-Dox glucose solution, indicated that each of them gives rise to considerable quantities of some metabolic product. The isolation, identification and approximate estimation of these products are described in detail. The species of fungi chosen for examination were the following: (а) Helminthosporium geniculatum Tracy et Earle. Catalogue No. Ag. 93. This species was purchased in 1925 from the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures at Baarn. For carbon balance sheet, see Part VI, Table VIII, p. i ll . (b) Clasterosporium species , Catalogue No. Ag. 64. This species was isolated at Ardeer in 1924 from decaying cotton pulp, and its diagnosis was confirmed by Mr. F. T. Brooks, of the School of Botany, Cambridge. For carbon balance sheet, see Part VI, Table XII, p. 118. (c) Aspergillus Wentii Wehmer. Catalogue No. Ac. 81. This species was received from Miss Church, of the United States Bureau of Agriculture, at Washington, and bears the Thom and Church Catalogue No. 4202 • 16C. For carbon balance sheet, see Part III, Table XI, p. 45. (d) Fumago vagans Pers. Catalogue No. Ag. 92. This species was purchased from Baarn in 1925. For carbon balance sheet, see Part VI, Table XI, p. 116. (e) Penicillium species . Catalogue No. Ad. 11. This species was isolated at Ardeer in 1922 from mouldy tobacco and was diagnosed by Dr. Charles Thom as “ Ad. 11—one of the P. chrysogenum lot.” For carbon balance sheet see Part IV, Table V, p. 63.

scholarly journals Studies in the Biochemistry of Micro-organisms. Part V.—Quantitative examination by the carbon balance sheet method of the types of products formed from glucose by species of Fusarium

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Centraalbureau Voor ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Micro Organisms

In view of the encouraging results obtained from the preparation of carbon balance sheets for a number of species of Aspergilus , as reported in Part III, the work was extended to other groups and, by way of contrast, carbon balance sheets were prepared for a considerable number of species of Fusarium . It is evident from Wollenweber’s “ Monograph on the Fusaria '*(see ‘ Phytopathology ’ (1913), Vol. 3, p. 24) that the classification of the Fusaria on morphological grounds is very difficult. It was hoped that, as a result of the preparation of carbon balance sheets, some biochemical classification on the lines of the Aspergillus group might be possible, and in order to ensure that the cultures used were authentic, almost the whole of those chosen for investigation were Wollenweber’s own cultures purchased from the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures at Baarn. The methods of investigation adopted were those described in Part II and applied to the Aspergillus group in Part III. The following is the history of the species of Fusarium used in this work :— *(1) F. viride (Lechm.) Wr., Catalogue No. Ag. 81. Purchased from Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures at Baarn. *(2) F. solani Mart. var. minus Wr., Catalogue No. Ag. 83. Purchased from Baarn. (3) F. lini Bolley, Catalogue No. Ag. 60. Purchased from British National Collection of Type Cultures, No. 1082. *(4) F. Martii App. et Wr., Catalogue No. Ag. 77. Purchased from Baarn. (5) F. species , Catalogue No. Ag. 80. Isolated at Ardeer from infected potato haulm. (6) F. dianthi Prill, et Del., Catalogue No. Ag. 69. Purchased from British National Collection of Type Cultures No. 1136. *(7) F. uncinatum Wr., Catalogue No. Ag. 75. Purchased from Baarn. ’•‘(8) F. trichothecioides Wr., Catalogue No. Ag. 73. Purchased from Baarn. *(9) F. tubercularioides (Corda) Sacc., Catalogue No. Ag. 72. Purchased from Baarn. *(10) F. coerulm (Lib.) Sacc., Catalogue No. Ag. 65. Purchased from Baarn. *(11) F. salicis Fuck., Catalogue No. Ag. 69. Purchased from Baarn. *(12) F.javanicum Koorders, Catalogue No. Ag. 78. Purchased from Baarn. *(13) F.falcatum App. et Wr., Catalogue No. Ag. 82. Purchased from Baarn. *(14) F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., Catalogue No. Ag. 76. Purchased from Baarn. (15) F. sporotrichoides Sherb., Catalogue No. Ag. 58. Purchased from British National Collection of Type Cultures, No. 1296. *(16) F. sambucinum Fuck., Catalogue No. Ag. 70. Purchased from Baarn. (17) F. vasinfectum Atk., Catalogue No. Ag. 71. Purchased from Baarn. *(18) F. rhizophilum Corda, Catalogue No. Ag. 74. Purchased from Baarn. *(19) F. metachroum Ap p . et W r ., Catalogue No. Ag. 68. Purchased from Baarn. (20) F. species , Catalogue No. Ag. 61. Isolated at Ardeer from a rotting potato. *(21) F. orthoceras App . et W r ., Catalogue No. Ag. 66. Purchased from Baarn. (22) F. scirpi P amr et Fautr., Catalogue No. Ag. 79. Purchased from Baarn. (23) F. oxysporum Schlecht, Catalogue No. Ag. 67. Purchased from Baarn. Fifteen of the cultures in the above list which are marked with an asterisk were Wollenweber’s cultures purchased from Baarn. The carbon balance sheets prepared for these species are given in Tables I and II.

scholarly journals Global Stablecoins: Monetary Policy Implementation Considerations from the U.S. Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (020) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Matthew Malloy ◽  
◽  
David Lowe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Bank Reserves

This note explores the potential effects of the widespread adoption of a global stablecoin (GSC) on key aggregate financial sector balance sheets in the United States. To do this, we map out cash flows of GSC transactions among financial sector entities using a stylized set of 't-accounts'. By analyzing these individual transactions, we infer aggregate and compositional effects on U.S. commercial banking sector and Federal Reserve balance sheets. Through this lens, we also consider how these balance sheet changes could affect monetary policy implementation, the demand for central bank reserves, and the market for U.S. dollar safe assets.

scholarly journals Part VI.— Quantitative examination by the carbon balance sheet method of the types of products formed from glucose by miscellaneous species of fungi

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 99-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Quantitative Examination

In view of the encouraging results obtained from the preparation of carbon balance sheets, particularly for species of Aspergillus and Penicillium , the work was now extended to include a number of varied species of fungi belonging to many other genera. The carbon balance sheets for these miscellaneous species are given in this paper. The conditions of working adopted were exactly the same as those previously used and described in detail in Parts II and III. The results are arranged under the different genera according to the species of fungi investigated, and include the following :—

scholarly journals Part IV.- Quantitative examination by the carbon balance sheet method of the types of products formed from glucose by species of Penicillium (including Citromyces )

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 55-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantitative Examination

The work described in Part III of this series, dealing with the preparation of carbon balance sheets for species of Aspergilus , was continued on exactly the same lines, using species of Penicillium as the organisms for study. The methods used were exactly the same as those described in Parts II and III, the same medium being used, the same temperature of incubation, 23°-25° C. and the same methods of cultivation and analysis. The results obtained are given in the following pages and are arranged in groups according to the classification of the Penicillia adopted by Thom in his recent book ‘ The Penicillia ’ (The Williams and Wilkins Co., 1929). The whole of the cultures of Penicillium, amounting in all to about a hundred species, were sent to Dr. Thom and were examined by him. In some cases these cultures are described in his book and in all cases Dr. Thom gave his opinion as to the correct names to be applied to the different species. The history of the species used and Dr. Thom’s comments on them will be found in an Appendix at the end of this paper. We desire to take this opportunity of thanking Dr. Thom for his very kind co-operation.

scholarly journals Studies in the Biochemistry of Micro-organisms Part III.- Quantitative examination by the carbon balance sheet method of the types of products formed from glucose by species of Aspergillus

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Large Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Different Parts

The first large group of fungi chosen for investigation by the methods described in Part II was the Aspergillus group. The Aspergilli were chosen primarily because they are relatively easy to grow on synthetic media and because a wide variety of cultures was available in different parts of the world. Throughout this work conditions have been kept as nearly standard as possible so that results obtained at any time during the progress of the work should be comparable. With this end in view all the metabolism experiments were carried out at one temperature, namely, 23-25° C. One medium, consisting of a Czapek-Dox medium of the composition given in Part I, p. 7, was used throughout. This medium was made up in large amounts and pipetted out accurately, in 250 c.c. quantities, into a number of 750 c.c. conical flasks.

The US Bureau of Efficiency: Not RIP in 1933?

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mordecai Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
Full Day

The United States Bureau of Efficiency (BOE), which had been established in 1916, was abolished in 1933 when President Hoover signed an omnibus appropriation bill on his last full day in office. Given Hoover's commitment to businesslike and efficient management and his ongoing support for the work of the Bureau throughout his presidency, what if he had acted differently and prevented its abolition? This fictional public administration history explores how Hoover could have kept BOE in existence and, if he had, how six of his successors might have treated the agency as part of their administrations.

Jones Enterprises Real Estate Investment Trust: Comparing U.S. and Canadian Acquisition Accounting, Balance Sheet and Security Commission Reporting, and Initial Public Offering Location

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Natalie Tatiana Churyk ◽  
Alan Reinstein ◽  
Lance Smith
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Public Offering

ABSTRACT Based on a Big 4 real estate audit partner's client, this case introduces graduate research and advanced financial accounting students to acquisition accounting under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), provides a perspective on real estate investment trusts (REITs), and requires analyzing a U.S. versus Canadian (Ontario) initial public offering (IPO). Students list U.S. and Canadian advantages and disadvantages of REITs, record a portfolio purchase, prepare U.S. GAAP and IFRS balance sheets in order to grasp major REIT reporting differences, contrast the key provisions between U.S. and Canadian (Ontario) securities commissions' IPO reporting, and consider ongoing securities commissions' reporting options. Finally, students will recommend whether the IPO should be issued in the U.S. or Canada. Completing the case helps students: (1) grasp U.S. GAAP and IFRS acquisition accounting methods and different REIT presentations; and (2) recognize that the country selected for the IPO depends upon the issuer's circumstances and preferences.

scholarly journals The Global Domain of the Dollar: Eight Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429
Author(s):  
Robert N. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Deficits ◽  
Exorbitant Privilege ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Dollar Debt ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Since the late 1950s, the rest of the world has come to use the dollar to an extent that justifies speaking of the dollar’s global domain. The rest of the world denominates much debt in U.S. dollars, extending U.S. monetary policy’s sway. In addition, in outstanding foreign exchange deals, the rest of the world has undertaken to pay still more in U.S. dollars: off-balance-sheet dollar debts buried in footnotes. Consistent with the scale of dollar debt, most of the world economic activity takes place in countries with currencies tied to or relatively stable against the dollar, forming a dollar zone much larger than the euro zone. Even though the dollar assets of the world (minus the United States) exceed dollar liabilities, corporate sector dollar debts seem to make dollar appreciation akin to a global tightening of credit. Since the 1960s, claims that the dollar’s global role suffers from instability and confers great benefits on the U.S. economy have attracted much support. However, evidence that demand for dollars from official reserve managers forces unsustainable U.S. current account or fiscal deficits is not strong. The so-called exorbitant privilege is small or shared. In 2008 and again in 2020, the Federal Reserve demonstrated a willingness and capacity to backstop the global domain of the dollar. Politics could constrain the Fed’s ability to backstop the growing share of the domain of the dollar accounted for by countries that are not on such friendly terms with the U.S.

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