The Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on the Commitment of Managers in an IPO Setting: Evidence from Korean Small and Venture Firms

Managers’ commitment and dedication crucially affect the sustainable growth of firms. When private companies first offer their shares to the public in an initial public offering (IPO), an IPO lockup is one way of revealing managers’ commitments. IPO lockups are agreements that promise not to sell the shares retained by pre-IPO shareholders for a specified period in the market after the IPO. This paper investigates the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the length of the lockup period. The paper’s sample consists of IPO firms that have gone public in Korea’s KOSDAQ market, which is a listing venue for small and venture companies. The major findings of this paper are as follows: first, the length of the lockup period increases with the number of outside directors and, second, IPO firms with audit committees have longer lockup periods than those without them. These results indicate that managers of firms with greater board independence choose a longer lockup period when going public. This paper also finds that the lockup period is positively related to the presence of venture capitalists serving as directors of IPO firms, which suggests that venture capital directors may ensure that managers have longer lockups. Overall, these findings suggest that, when small and venture companies go public, managers may use the IPO lockup as a commitment device that complements corporate governance mechanisms in reducing investor concern about the moral hazard problem of managers.

Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Underpricing: Case of Indonesia Stock Exchange

The stock market is one of the alternatives chosen by companies to meet their funding needs. The first offering of a company's shares through the stock market to investors is called an Initial Public Offering. At the time of initial public offering, underpricing often occurs when the initial stock price on the primary market is lower than the stock price on the secondary market which will disadvantage the company because the collected funds are not maximum. This research aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors on underpricing in companies conducting IPOs listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2020. Using Regression Linear Analyze we found that macroeconomic variables as Inflation, IDX Composite Index, and GDP significantly affect underpricing on IPO in Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2010 to 2020

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT UNDERPRICING PADA INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA YANG MELAKUKAN IPO PERIODE 2015- 2018)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis adanya perbedaan tingkat underpricing di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ROA, DER, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tingkat underpricing saham pada penawaran perdana saham (IPO) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan Malaysia periode 2015-2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang melakukan Initial Public Offering (IPO) pada tahun 2015-2018 di Malaysia dan Indonesia yang tercatat pada bursa efek masing-masing negara tersebut. Metode pengambilan sampel yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive dan diperoleh 136 sampel perusahaan dari 183 perusahaan yang melakukan Initial Public Offering (IPO) pada tahun 2015-2018. Metode analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat underpricing saham di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dimana rata-rata tingkat underpricing saham saham di negara Indonesia lebih tinggi dari Malaysia. Hasil penelitian analisis regresi berganda tingkat underpricing di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh ROA, DER, dan ukuran perusahaan. Sedangkan tingkat underpricing di Malaysia hanya dipengaruhi oleh ROA, dan DER.

The Effect Of Capital Structure, Earning Management, Profitability, Free Cash Flow And Environment Cost On Firm Value With Dividend Policy As Moderating Variables In Pharmaceutical Sub Sector Companies Listed On The 2007-2019 Indonesia Stock Exchange Peri

Firm value is one of the branchmark of the success in firm management in its operation so that its customers will trust it. The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of capital structure, earnings management, profitability, free cash flow and environment cost on firm value in pharmacyl companies that carry out Initial Public Offering (IPO) policies for the period 2007-2019. It also tested the variable of dividend policy as moderating variable in this research model.The Population are companies that carry out an Initial Public Offering (IPO) policy for the period 2007-2019. The population of this study was 104, the sample selection method of this study used the purpoive sampling method with a total of 8 companies that met the criteria. The type of data used is secondary data and the data analysis technique used is cross sectional data analysis technique with the help of Eviews 10 software. The results of this study indicate that capital structure and earnings management have a significant positive effect on firm value, while profitability and environment cost have a significant positive effect on firm value. Negative and significant, and free cash flow has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value.

A COMPARISON OF UNDERWRITER REPUTATION MEASUREMENT METHODS IN EXPLAINING IPO STOCK PERFORMANCE

This study objective compares the underwriter reputation, measured by a different method, in explaining Initial Public Offering (IPO) performance. The reputation is measured based on underwriter IPO frequency and deal value. The underwriter's reputation is then ranked and categorized into quartiles. We use cross-section regression methods to test the effect of different underwriter reputation measurement methods on IPO performance. The dependent variable is short-term and long-term IPO performance. The independent variable is four underwriter reputation categories represented by three-level dummy variables. We found that only underwriter reputation measured by IPO frequency can explain IPO performance. The findings suggest IPO frequency help underwriter understand the market condition and value IPO more accurately. Firms that want to reduce the cost of IPO underpricing should choose underwriters with a higher IPO frequency.

Analysis of the dynamics of IPO transactions in the banking sector

IPO (initial public offering) is a widespread financing instrument in the world, however, the scientific community pays little attention to the dynamics of IPOs in the banking sector. The aim of the study is to critically analyze the dynamics of IPO transactions of credit institutions on the horizon from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2020. The research methodology includes analytical methods for collecting and processing information, comparative and graphical analysis of the database collected by the author and consisting of 305 IPOs of banks from 2000 to 2020. The study compares the dynamics of IPO transactions of credit institutions from developed and developing countries, identifies characteristics inherent in each market, and explains the differences in market dynamics. The study reveals clustering in the IPO market of credit institutions and compares clustering with the general market of initial public offerings. It is shown that lending institutions around the world have actively attracted funds through IPO, having placed their shares for a total of $ 218 billion. The bulk of the funds were attracted by banks from emerging markets, primarily from China. During this period, there were 3 IPO waves on the banking IPO market, characterized by a significant increase in placement volumes and profitability on the first day of trading. This clustering in the IPO market of credit institutions was not typical only for the banking sector but coincided with the global growth in the number of transactions and IPO yields. The author concludes that the placement of shares of credit institutions during the hot market period is the most promising in terms of the volume and dynamics of raising funds; the IPO market of credit institutions retains high growth potential, primarily in Asia and the CIS.

Determinants of the exit value in European venture capital-backed technology startups

Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of different exit alternatives, investor presence and founders’ human capital on the exit value of European venture capital (VC)-backed high technology startups. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 107 European firms that obtained an exit through Merger&Acquisition (M&A) or an initial public offering (IPO) between 2010 and 2017, backed by VC investors. Findings This study provides empirical evidence on how different exit alternatives, investor heterogeneity and founders’ human capital may affect the exit value of European VC-backed startups. Exiting through an IPO and retaining a larger equity stake are positively correlated with the exit value. The presence of business angels and non-governmental VC firms is associated with larger valuations. Founders’ previous education was positively correlated with the exit value. Originality/value Exit strategies in technology startups are essential to capitalize investors’ efforts and reinvest cash into new ventures, supporting the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems and countries’ competitiveness. The results of this study provide interesting hints for policymakers and contribute to an in-depth understanding of the drivers of exit valuation for startups.

VALUASI BISNIS PERUSAHAAN PT JAMINAN PEMBIAYAAN ASKRINDO SYARIAH DALAM RANGKA IPO DI TAHUN 2022

In order to absorb the potential of the sharia guarantee business in the future which will grow rapidly, PT Jaminan Pembiayaan Askrindo Syariah with the brand name "Askrindo Syariah" will carry out corporate actions, one of which is an initial public offering (IPO) in 2022. Askrindo Syariah's performance shows an increase in 5 years. However, Askrindo Syariah's business profile, which is mostly high-risk products, shows that the company's performance is not optimal even though it has increased. Accordingly, Askrindo Syariah needs to set a strategy in preparation for the IPO. The purpose of this study was to determine the business valuation of the company's strategy for Askrindo Syariah related to the initial public offering (IPO) plan in 2022. The results of the study show that the fair value range of share prices related to Askrindo Syariah's decision to carry out an IPO in 2022, based on the calculation of free cash flow to equity, the value of the company in 2022 is IDR 2,111,814 per share, while based on the relative valuation the book value is amounting to Rp 2,331,168,- per share. The results of this study can also determine the business valuation in 2025, the value of the company based on calculations using the FCFE method is Rp.2,929,706, - while based on the book value method is Rp.3,383,228,-. To maintain the company's value as projected, Askrindo Syariah needs to implement a company strategy to reach good underwritting quality product