scholarly journals Global Stablecoins: Monetary Policy Implementation Considerations from the U.S. Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (020) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Matthew Malloy ◽  
◽  
David Lowe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Bank Reserves

This note explores the potential effects of the widespread adoption of a global stablecoin (GSC) on key aggregate financial sector balance sheets in the United States. To do this, we map out cash flows of GSC transactions among financial sector entities using a stylized set of 't-accounts'. By analyzing these individual transactions, we infer aggregate and compositional effects on U.S. commercial banking sector and Federal Reserve balance sheets. Through this lens, we also consider how these balance sheet changes could affect monetary policy implementation, the demand for central bank reserves, and the market for U.S. dollar safe assets.

Critical Perspectives to Non-performing Assets of Indian Banks, Shrinking Balance Sheet, Challenges and Way Ahead

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110402
Author(s):  
Pramahender
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Bad Loans ◽  
Bankruptcy Code ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
Debt Recovery

Indian banking sector is facing the problem of rising bad loans as gross non-performing assets (GNPA) of Indian banks is on continuous rise. The present study is an attempt to analyse rising bad loans scenario of Indian banks, various factors that contributes to non-performing assets (NPA), along with the present state of Indian banks. This study found that poor recovery measures, lack of proper credit and risk management system at bank level, wilful default by borrowers, lack of stringent regulation, poor level of corporate governance and misuse of funds by borrowers are the key factors behind the rising level of bad loans of Indian banks. It was found that public sector banks (PSB) are suffering the most from rising level of NPA, high rate of NPA of banks have adverse impact on banks’ balance sheets, their assets quality, increased provisioning coverage ratio of banks and low return on assets. Although various concerned stakeholders have taken numerous measures to curb the situation, such as recapitalization of PSB, construction of assets reconstruction companies (ARC), Debt Recovery Tribunals for speedy recovery of bad loans and enactment of insolvency and bankruptcy code (IBC),still there is much more to do, and have a huge scope to bring reforms in banking sector, especially in PSB of India.

scholarly journals Banking sector competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Champika Liyanagamage
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Banking Institutions

Despite core banking, banks also engage in off-balance-sheet (OBS) market activities. In many developed banking industries, OBS activities have grown to be significant during the last two decades. This paper provides rather scarce evidence on the competitiveness among banks for OBS activities and its impact on the degree of banking sector competition in Sri Lanka. Panzar-Ross H statistic approach employing in this study to estimate bank competition used a comprehensive set of bank-level data of the whole commercial banking sector in Sri Lanka covering the period 1996-2018. The first-round analysis of the study uncovers substantial differences among banks concerning the OBS activities. EGLS panel estimation procedure applied in this study provides evidence for a lower level of competitiveness among Sri Lankan banks for OBS activities. More interestingly, the findings further reveal that the degree of competitiveness for OBS activities has a significant positive impact on the overall competitiveness of the banking sector in Sri Lanka.  These results suggest banking institutions re-visit their business models with greater emphasis on nonconventional banking activities in enhancing bank-level efficiency and hence positively contributing to the overall competitiveness of the banking sector.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Models for Monetary Policy: A Critical Review from a Finance Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-140
Author(s):  
Winston W. Dou ◽  
Andrew W. Lo ◽  
Ameya Muley ◽  
Harald Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
The Government

We provide a critical review of macroeconomic models used for monetary policy at central banks from a finance perspective. We review the history of monetary policy modeling, survey the core monetary models used by major central banks, and construct an illustrative model for those readers who are unfamiliar with the literature. Within this framework, we highlight several important limitations of current models and methods, including the fact that local-linearization approximations omit important nonlinear dynamics, yielding biased impulse-response analysis and parameter estimates. We also propose new features for the next generation of macrofinancial policy models, including a substantial role for the financial sector, the government balance sheet, and unconventional monetary policies; heterogeneity, reallocation, and redistribution effects;the macroeconomic impact of large nonlinear risk premium dynamics; time-varying uncertainty; financial sector and systemic risks; imperfect product market and markups; and further advances in solution, estimation, and evaluation methods for dynamic quantitative structural models.

scholarly journals Demand for Central Bank Reserves and Monetary Policy Implementation Frameworks: The Case of the Eurosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Åberg ◽  
Marco Corsi ◽  
Vincent Grossmann-Wirth ◽  
Tom Hudepohl ◽  
Yvo Mudde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Bank Reserves

scholarly journals Comparison of effects of expansionary monetary policy in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Boris Fisera ◽  
Jana Kotlebova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Open Economies ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Developments

The ongoing process of globalization has affected the way the monetary policy is conducted – and this is especially the case of small open economies, where the economic developments are heavily affected by the developments abroad. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of unconventional monetary policy in two very open economies – Slovakia and the Czech Republic in the post-crisis era – the two rather similar very open economies. We assess the effects of their monetary policies by estimating their impact on the banking sector in both countries. We employ two cointegrating estimators – DOLS and FMOLS, so that we can assess the dynamics of the relationship between the developments of main balance sheet items of the respective central banks and the aggregate bank lending to various sectors of the economy. We do find evidence that unconventional policies of both central banks did lift bank lending – with the effect being stronger in Slovakia and for the QE policies. In both countries, the effect was more pronounced for the bank lending to household sector – specifically on housing related loans. Finally, we do not find evidence that the increasing openness of these two already very open economies affected the transmission of monetary policies into the banking sector.

scholarly journals Cash flow disaggregation and prediction of cash flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Khansalar ◽  
Mohammad Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Aggregated Model ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
Future Cash Flows

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the incremental information content of estimates of cash flow components in predicting future cash flows. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine whether the models incorporating components of operating cash flow from income statements and balance sheets using the direct method are associated with smaller prediction errors than the models incorporating core and non-core cash flow. Findings Using data from US and UK firms and multiple regression analysis, the authors find that around 60 per cent of a current year’s cash flow will persist into the next period’s cash flows, and that income statement and balance sheet variables persist similarly. The explanatory power and predictive ability of disaggregated cash flow models are superior to that of an aggregated model, and further disaggregating previously applied core and non-core cash flows provides incremental information about income statement and balance sheet items that enhances prediction of future cash flows. Disaggregated models and their components produce lower out-of-sample prediction errors than an aggregated model. Research limitations/implications This study improves our appreciation of the behaviour of cash flow components and confirms the need for detailed cash flow information in accordance with the articulation of financial statements. Practical implications The findings are relevant to investors and analysts in predicting future cash flows and to regulators with respect to disclosure requirements and recommendations. Social implications The findings are also relevant to financial statement users interested in better predicting a firm’s future cash flows and thereby, its firm’s value. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing literature by further disaggregating cash flow items into their underlying items from income statements and balance sheets.

scholarly journals Concentration in Botswana's banking sector

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kayawa ◽  
A Amusa
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Empirical Methodology

This study examines the degree of competition and efficiency within the commercial banking sector of Botswana. By applying the Herfindahl index, the paper provides an empirical methodology for assessing competition and market concentration among commercial banks. The study also utilises alternative measures of bank input and output by developing simple descriptive indices to assess the level of efficiency in Botswana’s banking sector. Overall, the results indicate that the implementation since 1989, of policies to liberalise and reform financial sector activities has contributed to increased competitiveness and efficiency amongst Botswana’s commercial banks.

scholarly journals Studies in the Biochemistry of Micro-organisms. Part XVII. The Products of Glucose Metabolism formed by various species of Fungi ( Helminthosporium, Clasterosporium , etc.)

1931 ◽  
Vol 220 (468-473) ◽  
pp. 331-353 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Centraalbureau Voor ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Aspergillus Wentii ◽  
Micro Organisms

In the following paper an account is given of the investigation of the metabolic products formed from glucose by various species of fungi belonging to different genera. These species were chosen for investigation since the carbon balance sheets prepared for them, when grown on Czapek-Dox glucose solution, indicated that each of them gives rise to considerable quantities of some metabolic product. The isolation, identification and approximate estimation of these products are described in detail. The species of fungi chosen for examination were the following: (а) Helminthosporium geniculatum Tracy et Earle. Catalogue No. Ag. 93. This species was purchased in 1925 from the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures at Baarn. For carbon balance sheet, see Part VI, Table VIII, p. i ll . (b) Clasterosporium species , Catalogue No. Ag. 64. This species was isolated at Ardeer in 1924 from decaying cotton pulp, and its diagnosis was confirmed by Mr. F. T. Brooks, of the School of Botany, Cambridge. For carbon balance sheet, see Part VI, Table XII, p. 118. (c) Aspergillus Wentii Wehmer. Catalogue No. Ac. 81. This species was received from Miss Church, of the United States Bureau of Agriculture, at Washington, and bears the Thom and Church Catalogue No. 4202 • 16C. For carbon balance sheet, see Part III, Table XI, p. 45. (d) Fumago vagans Pers. Catalogue No. Ag. 92. This species was purchased from Baarn in 1925. For carbon balance sheet, see Part VI, Table XI, p. 116. (e) Penicillium species . Catalogue No. Ad. 11. This species was isolated at Ardeer in 1922 from mouldy tobacco and was diagnosed by Dr. Charles Thom as “ Ad. 11—one of the P. chrysogenum lot.” For carbon balance sheet see Part IV, Table V, p. 63.

scholarly journals Certain aspects of methodology for accounting of intangible assets

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Valentyna Yasyshena
Keyword(s):  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. In today’s competitive environment; there is an urgent need to find new approaches to managing an enterprise and its intangible assets in order to ensure the stability and development of domestic enterprises. For effective management of the enterprise; there is a need to conduct research aimed at improving the accounting methodology in accordance with the present requirements and to increase the formation of quality information and accounting support of the management system; etc. Objective. The study is aimed at studying such elements of the accounting method as double-entry; the balance sheet; reporting by disclosing their nature; determining the impact on accounting and the formation of reporting indicators in the IAs and goodwill in accordance with the requirements of the applicable law. Methods. Analysis and synthesis are used to identify the current state of the study of the elements of the accounting method. Scientific abstraction and historical methods have been used to outline the problems investigated by scientists arising in the theoretical and practical area of accounting for IAs. Groupings; tables; graphs are used to classify IAs and goodwill and to establish the interconnection of the accounting method elements; etc. Results. The problems of accounting and reporting of intangible assets through the prism of such elements of accounting method as accounts; double-entry; the balance sheet; reporting are revealed. It is emphasized that the balance sheet as an element of the method should be understood not only as a form of reporting but first and foremost as a model for ordering accounting objects and summarizing information on the facts about the economic activity. Not all intangible assets are reflected in the accounts and respectively in the balance sheets of domestic enterprises. This applies both to recognized intangible assets under PAS 8 and internally generated assets that do not meet the recognition criteria but which increase the value of the enterprise. It is stated that the internal goodwill should be reflected in the financial and management accounting of the enterprise because of its existence during all current activities of the company; and not only at the moment of its realization. Keeping current records of goodwill at the enterprise will reduce the gap between its market and book value to a minimum. The impossibility of simultaneous attribution of intangible assets transactions to two types of activities; which is disclosed in the financial statements; is proved. It is noted in the Statement of Cash Flows that the information on the sale of intangible assets should be recorded as an operating activity. The revision of the definition of «investment activity» was emphasized. Prospects. It is necessary to conduct research in the field of improving the methodology of domestic accounting in general; including intangible assets through the study of approaches to the accounting methodology.

scholarly journals A UTILIZAÇÃO DO BALANÇO SOCIAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE VERIFICAÇÃO DA APLICAÇÃO DA LEI Nº 8.213/91: UM ESTUDO MULTI-CASO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS BRASILEIRAS COM AÇÕES NEGOCIADAS NA BOVESPA DOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i3.323

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
Sandro Vieira Soares ◽  
Kamille Simas Ebsen ◽  
Aldeci de Borba Vargas ◽  
Maria Denize Henrique Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
Social Balance ◽  
Made In

Esta pesquisa trata da aplicação da legislação referente aos direitos dos portadores de necessidades especiais e da contribuição da contabilidade para a aplicação desta legislação usando o modelo IBASE de Balanço Social como ferramenta. Para tanto, foram analisados os Balanços Sociais das companhias abertas do setor bancário com ações listadas na BOVESPA. A pesquisa compreende o demonstrativo referente aos exercícios sociais de 2005, 2006, 2007 e 2008. As empresas que compuseram a amostra foram aquelas cujos Balanços Sociais dos referidos períodos foram disponibilizados em seus sítios eletrônicos. A pesquisa mostrou que há uma modificação que pode ser realizada na metodologia de elaboração do modelo IBASE, de forma a uniformizar a evidenciação da informação referente à participação dos portadores de necessidades especiais nos quadros de funcionários. A pesquisa também apontou que apenas uma das empresas analisadas cumpriu as exigências legais e isto ocorreu somente em um dos períodos analisados. Por fim, a pesquisa mostrou que apesar de a maioria das empresas estarem em situação irregular quanto à legislação pertinente, elas têm apresentado avanços em incluir portadores de necessidades especiais na composição de seus quadros de colaboradores. Palavras-chave:Portadores de necessidades especiais. Balanço Social. Instituições bancárias. Lei 9.213/91. ABSTRACT This research addresses the implementation of the legislation concerning the rights of people with special needs and the contribution of accounting for such an implementation through the use of IBASE´s Social Balance report. Thus, an analysis of the Social Balance sheet of the banking sector whose companies have shares listed at BOVESPA was undertaken. The survey comprised the aforementioned statement related to the fiscal years of 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. The companies that composed the sample were those whose Social Balance sheets of those periods were available on their websites. The research showed that a change can be made in the methodology of the IBASE model in order to standardize the disclosure of information concerning the participation of individuals with special needs in the working staff of the companies. The research also showed that only one of the companies analyzed fulfilled the legal requirements and only in one of the periods under scrutiny. Finally, the research revealed that although the majority of the companies are in an irregular situation regarding this special kind of legislation, they have made some progress in including people with special needs in their staff. Keywords: People with special needs. Social Balance sheet. Banks. Law n. 9213/91.

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