The control of recombination

1981 ◽  
Vol 292 (1062) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Meiotic Pairing

Recombination results in the release of variation upon which selection is practised in plant breeding. However, according to the objectives of the programme it may be necessary to reduce recombination to limit the disturbance of arrangements of genes already well suited to agricultural needs or to increase recombination to maximize the likelihood of recombination’s giving rise to transgressive segregation. Appropriate breeding manipulations are discussed. In addition, descriptions are provided of the induction of recombination between chromosomes that are distantly related in evolution and between which meiotic pairing and recombination does not normally take place.

scholarly journals Instability of Alien Chromosome Introgressions in Wheat Associated with Improper Positioning in the Nucleus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Perničková ◽  
Veronika Koláčková ◽  
Adam Lukaszewski ◽  
Chaolan Fan ◽  
Jan Vrána ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Host Genome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
3D Fish ◽  
Meiotic Event ◽  
Metaphase I

Alien introgressions introduce beneficial alleles into existing crops and hence, are widely used in plant breeding. Generally, introgressed alien chromosomes show reduced meiotic pairing relative to the host genome, and may be eliminated over generations. Reduced pairing appears to result from a failure of some telomeres of alien chromosomes to incorporate into the leptotene bouquet at the onset of meiosis, thereby preventing chiasmate pairing. In this study, we analysed somatic nuclei of rye introgressions in wheat using 3D-FISH and found that while introgressed rye chromosomes or chromosome arms occupied discrete positions in the Rabl’s orientation similar to chromosomes of the wheat host, their telomeres frequently occupied positions away from the nuclear periphery. The frequencies of such abnormal telomere positioning were similar to the frequencies of out-of-bouquet telomere positioning at leptotene, and of pairing failure at metaphase I. This study indicates that improper positioning of alien chromosomes that leads to reduced pairing is not a strictly meiotic event but rather a consequence of a more systemic problem. Improper positioning in the nuclei probably impacts the ability of introgressed chromosomes to migrate into the telomere bouquet at the onset of meiosis, preventing synapsis and chiasma establishment, and leading to their gradual elimination over generations.

A Problem Based Learning Exercise on Food Security: Understanding the Role of Genomic Variation and Plant Breeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolie WAX ◽  
Zhu Zhuo ◽  
Anna Bower ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Susan Gachara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Genomic Variation

Statistical analysis and molecular markers in plant breeding for heterosis (review)

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Chesnokov ◽  
◽  
N.V. Kocherina ◽  
A.M. Artemyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Breeding

Directions of production improvement in plant breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Yarygina I.V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Technical Innovations

Effective resource conservation can be achieved with the help of information technologies, which in this case should be understood as all those organizational methods and technical innovations that make it possible to track and regulate the use of all resources in an enterprise as accurately as possible.

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