scholarly journals Stability or stasis in the names of organisms: the evolving codes of nomenclature

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1444) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Knapp ◽  
Gerardo Lamas ◽  
Eimear Nic Lughadha ◽  
Gianfranco Novarino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

Nomenclature, far from being a dry dusty subject, is today more relevant than ever before. Researchers into genomics are discovering again the need for systems of nomenclature—names are what we use to communicate about organisms, and by extension the rest of their biology. Here, we briefly outline the history of the published international codes of nomenclature, tracing them from the time of Linnaeus in the eighteenth century to the present day. We then outline some of what we feel are the major challenges that face the codes in the twenty–first century; focusing primarily on publication, priority, typification and the role of science in the naming of organisms. We conclude that the codes are essential for taxonomists in the pursuance of their science, and that the democratic nature of decision–making in the regulation of the rules of nomenclature, though sometimes perceived as a potential weakness, is in fact one of its great strengths.

Reclaiming Félix Éboué Departmentalization and the Politics of Commemoration in Guyane, 1944–2012

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-150
Author(s):  
Sarah Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
First Century ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Local Committee ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Power ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter locates the figure of Félix Éboué in the cultural politics of commemoration in Guyane. It offers a cultural history of the production of memorials to Éboué in Guyane (his birthplace) and beyond, assessing the role of these markers of national power in the local landscape. The chapter focuses first on the monument located in central Cayenne, produced at the instigation of a local committee and inaugurated in 1957, towards the end of the Fourth Republic. It then addresses the revival of 'memory' of Éboué and the renewal of his presence in Guyane which occurred during the 2000s. Instigated in part by Christiane Taubira, this culminated in the renaming of the only international airport in the Département — the key point of arrival and departure between Paris and Cayenne. The chapter concludes by asking how the vision of Guyane asserted in the act of ‘remembering’ Éboué has changed or been adapted in the twenty-first century.

Ghetto and Suburb

Migrant City ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 28-56
Author(s):  
Panikos Panayi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
East End ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines patterns of migrant settlement in London. The visibility of migrants in London often became associated with concentration in what contemporary observers often essentially regarded as ghettoes — from the Irish ‘rookery’ in St Giles during the eighteenth century to the Jewish East End by the late Victorian period to the ‘coloured quarter’ immediately after the end of the Second World War, focused especially upon the East End, but increasingly moving to other parts of the capital, including South London, especially around Brixton. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the ethnic concentrations which had characterized the history of London became a feature of the entire metropolis, as a patchwork of ethnic concentrations developed. This apparent universalization of settlement based upon ethnic lines reflected the increasing numbers of migrants moving to London, as well as the growing diversification of these newcomers. Ghettoization, to the extent that it exists, offers just one way of understanding the living patterns of migrant populations in London.

Capital (It Fails Us Now)

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

This introduction to Historical Materialism’s mini-symposium on Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century places the three contributions by Husson, Mann and Roberts in the context of an exploration of the link between methodology and politics in Piketty’s economic history of inequality. Touching on the role of time and literature in Piketty’s argument, as well as on his difficulty in accounting for the relations of capital – especially ones originating in colonialism and empire – it approaches Piketty’s book, and its success, in terms of its concerted effort to produce a cognitive mapping of contemporary capitalism that can serve as a prelude to its democratic reform.

scholarly journals Putting Distribution Back at the Center of Economics: Reflections on Capital in the Twenty-First Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Piketty
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
First Century ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
International Tax Competition ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

When a lengthy book is widely discussed in academic circles and the popular media, it is probably inevitable that the arguments of the book will be simplified in the telling and retelling. In the case of my book Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014), a common simplification of the main theme is that because the rate of return on capital r exceeds the growth rate of the economy g, the inequality of wealth is destined to increase indefinitely over time. In my view, the magnitude of the gap between r and g is indeed one of the important forces that can explain historical magnitudes and variations in wealth inequality. However, I do not view r > g as the only or even the primary tool for considering changes in income and wealth in the 20th century, or for forecasting the path of income and wealth inequality in the 21st century. In this essay, I will take up several themes from my book that have perhaps become attenuated or garbled in the ongoing discussions of the book, and will seek to re-explain and re-frame these themes. First, I stress the key role played in my book by the interaction between beliefs systems, institutions, and the dynamics of inequality. Second, I briefly describe my multidimensional approach to the history of capital and inequality. Third, I review the relationship and differing causes between wealth inequality and income inequality. Fourth, I turn to the specific role of r > g in the dynamics of wealth inequality: specifically, a larger r − g gap will amplify the steady-state inequality of a wealth distribution that arises out of a given mixture of shocks. Fifth, I consider some of the scenarios that affect how r − g might evolve in the 21st century, including rising international tax competition, a growth slowdown, and differential access by the wealthy to higher returns on capital. Finally, I seek to clarify what is distinctive in my historical and political economy approach to institutions and inequality dynamics, and the complementarity with other approaches.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brydie-Leigh Bartleet ◽  
Lee Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
First Century ◽  
Community Music ◽  
Key Skills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Historical Developments

A documented history of almost fifty years and a growing internationalization and interculturalisation of community music invites a revisiting of some of the field’s approaches, ideologies, and contexts. This chapter critically reflects on historical developments and current realities of how the field is conceptualized around the globe. It also touches on the role of community music facilitators in bringing about social change and outlines some of the key skills, working methods, values and ethics that are commonly associated with work in this field. It provides a snapshot of what has become a truly global phenomenon, and critically discusses the recurring question of whether community music needs a new defitinion or (re)definition in the twenty-first century.

Why Romantic Poetry Still Matters

Romanticism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Heidi Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
First Century ◽  
Romantic Poetry ◽  
University Curriculum ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Interactive Dynamics ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The University

‘Why Romantic Poetry Still Matters’ argues for the importance of reading and interpreting Romantic poetry for a better life in the twenty-first century. The more literate and articulate we are, the better our chances for survival as citizens and inhabitants of the earth. Studying Romantic poetry can improve our empathy and resilience, our sense of categorization and understanding, our ability to accommodate uncertainty, and our powers of decision-making. Examples of Romantic poetry are drawn from the works of Wordsworth (‘We Are Seven’ and ‘The Intimations Ode’) and Keats (‘On First Looking into Chapman's Homer’, ‘To John Hamilton Reynolds’, ‘This Living Hand’), emphasizing the role of memory, the imagination, and interactive dynamics within their texts. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of the Humanities in the University curriculum.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Narratology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Liveley
Keyword(s):  
Reader Response ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Reception History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Unreliable Narrator ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ars Poetica

This book explores the extraordinary contribution that classical poetics has made to twentieth- and twenty-first-century theories of narrative. Its aim is not to argue that modern narratologies simply present ‘old wine in new wineskins’, but to identify the diachronic affinities shared between ancient and modern stories about storytelling, recognizing that modern narratologists bring particular expertise to bear upon ancient literary theory and offer valuable insights into the interpretation of some notoriously difficult texts. By interrogating ancient and modern narratologies through the mutually imbricating dynamics of their reception it aims to arrive at a better understanding of both. Each chapter selects a key moment in the history of narratology on which to focus, zooming in from an overview of significant phases to look at core theories and texts—from the Russian formalists, Chicago school neo-Aristotelians, through the prestructuralists, structuralists, and poststructuralists, to the latest unnatural and antimimetic narratologists. The reception history that thus unfolds offers some remarkable plot twists. It unmasks Plato as an unreliable narrator and theorist, and offers a rare glimpse of Aristotle putting narrative theory into practice in the role of storyteller in his work On Poets. In Horace’s Ars Poetica and in the works of ancient scholia critics and commentators it locates a rhetorically conceived poetics and a sophisticated reader-response-based narratology evincing a keen interest in audience affect and cognition—and anticipating the cognitive turn in narratology’s mot recent postclassical phase.

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