scholarly journals XIX. An account of some productions of nature in Scotland resembling the giants- Causeway in Ireland: In a letter to the Right Reverend Richard Lord Bishop of Ossory, F. R. S. From Emanuel Mendez Da Costa, F. R. S

1761 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 103-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
The Right

My Lord, Your Lordship having communicated to the Royal Society, at their last meeting, an account of some rocks at the entrance of the harbour of Dunbar in Scotland, which are formed into pillars, like the growth of the famous Giants-causeway, but which are solid, and not joined like them, I take the liberty to send your Lordship the following account of a like natural production in other parts of Scotland, which was communicated to me by my ingenious friend Mr. Murdoch Mackenzie, who, by order of the Lords of the Admiralty, surveyed the coasts of that kingdom, and which came too late to be inferred in its proper place in my work.

scholarly journals XXXIV. On the transit of Venus in 1769. To the Right Honourable The Earl of Morton, President to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, this discourse is, with all humility, inscribed, by their humble servant, Thomas Hornsby

1765 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The observations of the late transit of Venus, though made with all possible care and accuracy, have not enabled us to determine with certainty the real quantity of the sun's parallax; since, by a comparison of the observations made in several parts of the globe, the sun's parallax is not less than 8" 1/2, nor does it seem to exceed 10". From the labours of those gentlemen, who have attempted to deduce this quantity from the theory of gravity, it should seem that the earth performs its annual revolution round the sun at a greater distance than is generally imagined: since Mr. Professor Stewart has determined the sun's parallax to be only 6', 9, and Mr. Mayer, the late celebrated Professor at Gottingen, who hath brought the lunar tables to a degree of perfection almost unexpected, is of opinion that it cannot exceed 8".

scholarly journals Fascism: Left, Right, or Neither

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Gindler
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Wealth Redistribution ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Means Of Production

The article discusses fascism's place on the political spectrum. At present, there is no consensus among political scientists and economists on that issue, as it has been extraordinarily politicized and distorted during ideological struggles among various currents of socialism. From the very beginning, fascism was depicted by Marxists as belonging to the Right, while Fascists themselves wanted to build a society that transcends the Left-Right paradigm. However, few voices in academia have noted that practical implementation of the fascists’ ideas, inherited from the works of revolutionary and national syndicalists, exhibited predominantly leftist characteristics.The ambiguity of placing fascism in its proper place on the political spectrum can be confidently resolved by applying three primary factors that govern political spectrum polarization: attitude to private property, scope of individual freedom, and degree of wealth redistribution. The article argues that fascism is a particular current of non-Marxian socialism that utilized collectivization of consciousness and wealth redistribution as the main paths toward socialism rather than outright expropriation of private property or means of production. Simultaneously, it is acknowledged that private property rights were inhibited by the fascist state, even though de jure they were permitted.The fascist ideal of the “alternate way” had a logical inconsistency that produced an unstable equilibrium between labor and capital as well as between the man and the state. The politico-economic structure predictably collapsed to the left in the course of building a new society. Therefore, fascism could be correctly called the Right of the Left.

scholarly journals XXV. A letter from Mr. William Mountayne, F. R. S. to the Right Honourable James Earl of Morton, President of the Royal Society, containing some observations on the variation of the magnetic needle, made on board the Montagu Man of War, in the years 1760, 1761, and 1762, by Mr. David Ross, Surgeon

1766 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Magnetic Needle

My Lord, The following tables I have compared with the variation chart, published in the year 1756, and so find that they agree pretty well in general, making allowance for the time elapsed: it is true, that, in some few places in the Atlantic Ocean, they differ; yet this may probably arise, as is often the case, from an error in the Montagu's supposed longitude, where such observations were made. But the greatest difference (a greater than should arise, I think, according to common course) appears upon the coast of Portugal, Cape Saint Vincent, and about Gibraltar, near and within sight of land, where the observations are ascertained to the spot. Hence, if mine observed about the year 1756, and those of Mr. Ross's, were both near the truth, at the respective times when they were taken, I know not how to account for this considerable encrease, unless those late extraordinary convulsions, in the bowels of the earth, upon those several coasts, may be found, by further experiments, to have there influenced the directions of the magnetic needle.

scholarly journals XIII. On the laws of polarisation and double refraction in regularly crystallized bodies. By David Brewster, LL. D. F. R. S. Lond. and Edin. In a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. G. C. B. P. R. S

1818 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 199-273 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
General Law ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

Dear sir, In the different memoirs which you have done me the honour of submitting to the Royal Society, I have considered principally those branches of the polarisation of light which relate to the superficial action, or the superinduced properties of uncrystallized bodies. In the course of these enquiries, my attention was frequently directed to the phenomena of regular crystals; but from the difficulty of procuring proper specimens, and the extreme perplexity of the subject, it was not till lately that I succeeded in reducing under a general principle all the complex appearances which result from the combined action of more than one axis of double refraction. Before I proceed to trace the steps which have conducted me to this general law, I must entreat the indulgence of the Society, while I attempt to give a brief and rapid view of the present state of our knowledge respecting the laws of double refraction. They will thus be able to appreciate more correctly the relative value of those successive generalisations by which this subject has been raised to one of the most interesting departments of physical science.

IV. A letter of Mr. Francis Nevile to the Right Reverend St. George Lord Bishop of Clogher, R. S. S. giving an account of some large teeth lately dugg up in the North of Ireland, and by his Lordship communicated to the Royal-Society

1714 ◽  
Vol 29 (346) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right

My Lord, The Curiosity I here send your Lordship, is so far beyond any thing that I have had the honour to communicate you your Lordship, or that I have ever met with that I presume your Lordship will think it fit to communicate to the Royal-Society

scholarly journals XXXIII. Account of an observation of the right ascension and declination of Mercury out of the Meridian, near his greatest elongation, Sept. 1786, made by Mr. John Smeaton, F. R. S. with an equatorial micrometer, of his own invention and workmanship; accompanied with an investigation of a method of allowing for refraction in such kind of observations; communicated to the Rev. Nevil Maskelyne, D. D. F. R. S. and Astronomer Royal, and by him to the Royal Society

1787 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 318-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nevil Maskelyne ◽  
Right Ascension

M. de la Lande having announced to some of my astronomical friends the utility of accurate observations of Mercury, at his two elongations the last year, in August and September; I tried to get observations of that planet in crossing the meridian, for some days before and after the greatest elongation in August; and though the state of the atmosphere about that time was not very favourable to the purpose, yet there was one day that I thought unexceptionable, but could not perceive the least appearance of Mercury; at which i was the rather surprised, as I had formerly seen that planet in the like situation, with the same instrument, with perfect perspicuity: and as i did not hear of any one else having succeeded in this observation, I thought it might be very possible for the same disappointment again to happen, with respect to the approaching elongation in September.

scholarly journals X. Letter from Sir Benjamin Thompson, Knt. Count of Rumford, F. R. S. to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. P. R. S. announcing a donation to the Royal Society, for the purpose of instituting a Prize Medal

1797 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Royal Society Of London

At the Anniversary of the Royal Society, held the 30th of November, 1796, the President acquainted the Society, that Count Rumford had transferred one thousand pounds three per cent . consolidated Bank Annuities to the use of the Society, on certain conditions stated in a letter to the President; which was read as follows: “ Sir, “ Desirous of contributing efficaciously to the advancement “ of a branch of science which has long employed my atten- “ ation, and which appears to me to be of the highest importance “ to mankind, and wishing at the same time to leave a lasting “ testimony of my respect for the Royal Society of London, I “ take the liberty to request that the Royal Society would do “ me the honour to accept of one thousand pounds stock, in “ the three per cent . consolidated public funds of this country; “ which stock I have actually purchased, and which I beg leave “ to transfer to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal “ Society; to the end that the interest of the same may be by “ them, and by their successors, received from time to time “ for ever, and the amount of the same applied and given, once “ every second year, as a premium to the author of the most “ important discovery, or useful improvement, which shall be “ made and published by printing, or in any way made known “ to the public, in any part of Europe, during the preceding “ two years, on Heat, or on Light; the preference always being “ given to such discoveries as shall, in the opinion of the Pre- “ sident and Council of the Royal Society, tend most to pro- “ mote the good of mankind.

scholarly journals On the hour lines of the ancients

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conical Surface ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Straight Lines

The hour lines on the sundials of the ancient Greeks and Romans correspond to the division of the time between sun rise and sun-set into twelve equal parts, which was their mode of computing time. An example of these hour lines occurs in an ancient Greek sundial, forming part of the Elgin collection of marbles at the British Museum, and which there is reason to believe had been constructed during the reign of the Antonines. This dial contains the twelve hour lines drawn on two vertical planes, which are inclined to each other at an angle of 106°; the line bisecting that angle having been in the meridian. The hour lines actually traced on the dial consist of such portions only as were requisite for the purpose the dial was intended to serve: and these portions are sensibly straight lines. But the author has shown, in a paper published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, that if these lines are continued through the whole zone of the rising and setting semidiurnal arcs, they will be found to be curves of double curvature on the sphere. In the present paper the author enters into an investigation of the course of these curves; first selecting as an example the lines indicating the 3rd and the 9th hours of the ancients. These lines are formed by the points of bisection of all the rising and setting semidiurnal arcs; commencing from the southern point where the meridian cuts the horizon, and proceeding till the line reaches to the first of the always apparent parallels, which, being a complete circle, it meets at the end of its first quadrant. At this point the branch of another and similar curve is continuous with it: namely, a curve which in its course bisects another set of semidiurnal arcs, belonging to a place situated on the same parallel of latitude as the first, but distant from it 180° in longitude. Continuing to trace the course of this curve, along its different branches, we find it at last returning into itself, the whole curve being characterized by four points of flexure. If the describing point be considered as the extremity of a radius, it will be found that this radius has described, in its revolution, a conical surface with two opposite undulations above, and two below the equator. The right section of this cone presents two opposite hyperbolas between asymptotes which cross one another at right angles This cone varies in its breadth in different positions of the sphere; diminishing as the latitude of the place increases. The cones to which the other ancient hour lines belong, are of the same description, having undulations alternately above and below the equator; but they differ from one another in the number of the undulations: and some of these require more than one revolution to complete their surface. The properties of the cones and lines thus generated, may be rendered evident by drawing the sections of the cones on the sphere, in perspective, either on a cylindrical or on a plane surface: several examples of which are given in the paper.

scholarly journals XLI. Introduction to the following observations, made by Messieurs Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, for determining the length of a degree of latitude, in the provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania, in North America; by the Reverend Nevil Maskelyne, B. D. F. R. S. Astronomer Royal

1768 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nevil Maskelyne

Messieurs Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, who observed the last transit of Venus over the sun, at the Cape of Good Hope, under the direction of the Royal Society, had been since engaged, by the Right Honourable Lord Baltimore and the Honourable Mr. Penn, to settle the limits between the provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania, in North America; which they performed partly by trigonometrical, and partly by astronomical observations.

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