scholarly journals Crustacea

1879 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 200-214 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic

The species of Crustacea hitherto obtained at Kerguelen Island are so few in number that they cannot be supposed to represent in an adequate manner this department of the Fauna. The Antarctic Expedition under Capt. Sir James Ross visited the island in the winter (May and June 1840), and of the species of Crustacea in the British Museum, apparently brought back by officers of that expedition from “Kerguelen Land,” two are new to science.

scholarly journals Birds

1879 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 101-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
Actual Difference ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Complete Account

I propose on the present occasion to give a complete account of the Avifauna of Kerguelen Island, founded on the collections in the British Museum (partly made bv the Rev. Mr. Eaton, partly by the naturalists of the Antarctic expedition) and on the reports of the German and American expeditions, which have been recently published.* The American expedition obtained twenty-one species, the German naturalists recording twenty-three.† With regard to the Antarctic Expedition, Sir Wyville Thomson thus writes:— “ This expedition had the extraordinary advantage of having Dr. Hooker attached “ to it as one of the assistant-surgeons, and the surgeons to the Erebus and “ Terror , Dr. M‘Cormick and Mr. Robertson, and the assistant-surgeon of the “ Terror , Dr. Lyall, were all zealous naturalists, and co-operated heartily with “ Dr. Hooker in his work, so that every possible advantage was taken of the “ sixty-eight days of their stay in Christmas Harbour. Their visit was, however, “ in the depth of winter, and although the actual difference between the winter “ and summer temperature is not so great as might have been anticipated, the “ winter weather is so boisterous and unsettled, that on forty-five of the sixty-eiglit “ days it blew a gale, and on three days only neither snow nor rain fell.” Under these circumstances, therefore, it is not a little creditable to the officers of this expedition that they managed to collect a series of nearly every species obtained by the more recent visitors to the island, while they procured several species which none of the latter have met with.

scholarly journals XXIX.—Turbellaria of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.

1907 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Gemmill ◽  
R. T. Leiper
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
South Orkney Islands ◽  
The Antarctic

There were seven Turbellaria in the material handed to us by Mr W. S. Bruce, all obtained in April 1903 from Scotia Bay, South Orkney Islands (9–10 fms., Station 325, lat. 60° 44′ S., long. 44° 51′ W.). Their occurrence is interesting, as, although Studer (Ueber Seethiere aus dem Antarktischen Meere, 1876) mentions, without adequately describing it, a Eurylepta from Kerguelen Island, there are no definite records, so far as we have been able to ascertain, of Turbellarian species from nearer the Antarctic than the coasts of South America.

XVI.—The Schizopoda, Stomatopoda, and non-Antarctic Isopoda of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition

1914 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
British Museum ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Antarctic

The present report deals with the whole of the Schizopoda and Stomatopoda in the Scotia collections, and with those Isopoda which were taken in localities outside the limits of Antarctica. I am indebted to the courtesy of Dr W. S. Bruce for the opportunity of examining and reporting on these collections. The report on the Antarctic Isopoda is being prepared by Mr T. V. Hodgson.I also include a few notes on a small collection of Schizopoda which were taken by the Discovery on its outward journey to the South Pole, for the opportunity of examining which I am indebted to the kindness of Dr W. T. Calman, of the British Museum. These latter records are most appropriately included here along with those of the species which the Scotia captured on her outward journey, over very nearly the same ground.

Petrographical Notes on the Rock-specimens collected in Antarctic Regions during the voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror under Sir James Clark Ross, in 1839–43

1899 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Prior
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Rock Specimens

The rock-specimens collected during the Antarctic Expedition of 1839-43 were deposited in the British Museum. A few years ago, in the course of a re-arrangement and registration of the rock-specimens n the Museum, this collection amongst others was examined, and microscopic sections of some of the specimens were prepared. Nothing, however, was published at that time, since it was found that the greater part of the collection had been practically duplicated by the rocks of the Challenger Expedition, which had a year or two previously been deposited in the Museum, and it was felt that mere petrographical descriptions of specimens have but little to recommend them in the absence of geological data as to the mode of occurrence and mutual relations of the rocks in the field.

Echinodermata

1879 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Composition Materials ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Made In

Opportunity was taken some pages back of exhibiting the relations of the Molluscan-fauna of Kerguelen Island to that of the Falklands and Patagonia; and it was pointed out that representatives of boreal types entered into its composition. Materials for similar comparisons between the Echinodermata indigenous to the same regions scarcely exist, but such as there are, make it apparent that what obtains in the Mollusca holds good also in the Echinodermata with respect to geographical distribution. The sources of information relating to the animals of this class inhabiting the vicinage of Kerguelen Island, are at present limited to a few relics of the collections made there by the Antarctic Expedition in 1840; the collection made in 1874 by Dr. Kidder of the American Transit of Venus Expedition, part of the Challenger’s collections, and Mr. Eaton’s specimens. The remaining portion of the Echinodermata obtained by the Challenger Expedition is still in course of investigation; and the collections of the German Transit and Surveying Expedition are likewise not yet worked out. This will account for the fewness of the species at present known from the island, which altogether amount in number to 15. Two of them were obtained by the Antarctic Expedition, one by the challenger, four others by Dr. Kidder; besides live out of the preceding seven, eight others were obtained at Observatory or Swain’s Bay. The species not found by Mr. Eaton are Asteriasrupicola , which was common on the beach near Dr. Kidder’s station, and Cidaris nutrix : those which he did get were procured almost exclusively from the Laminarian zone. This will suffice to show how far dependence can be placed upon the following summary of the geographical relations of the little known fauna.

scholarly journals Glaciological and Geomorphological Reconnaissance in the Antarctic in 1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Shumskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary account of the glaciological observations made by the Antarctic Expedition of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land and Knox Coast in 1956. The topography of the edge of the ice sheet is described, and the ice regime is discussed, particularly in relation to the existence of ice-free areas such as “Bunger’s oasis”.

Mawson’s views on use of natural resources in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Shaughnessy ◽  
Mark Pharaoh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Southern Elephant Seals ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Sir Douglas Mawson is a well-known Antarctic explorer and scientist. Early in his career, he recognised opportunities for commerce in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. While at Cape Denison, Antarctica, in 1913 on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), the Adelie Blizzard magazine was produced. Mawson contributed articles about Antarctic natural resources and their possible use. Later, he advocated Australia be involved in pelagic whaling. He collected seal skins and oil for their commercial value to be assessed by the Hudson’s Bay Company. During the AAE, Mawson visited Macquarie Island where an oiling gang was killing southern elephant seals and royal penguins. Mawson was concerned that they were over-exploited and lobbied successfully to stop the killing. His plans for Macquarie Island included a wildlife sanctuary, with a party to supervise access, send meteorological observations to Australia and New Zealand, and be self-funded by harvesting elephant seals and penguins. Macquarie Island was declared a sanctuary in 1933. Although Mawson has been recognised as an early proponent of conservation, his views on conservation of living natural resources were inconsistent. They should be placed in their historical context: in the early twentieth century, utilisation of living natural resources was viewed more favourably than currently.

scholarly journals Glaciological and Geomorphological Reconnaissance in the Antarctic in 1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
P. A. Shumskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThis paper presents a preliminary account of the glaciological observations made by the Antarctic Expedition of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land and Knox Coast in 1956. The topography of the edge of the ice sheet is described, and the ice regime is discussed, particularly in relation to the existence of ice-free areas such as “Bunger’s oasis”.

Origins of the Russian Antarctic expedition: 1819–1821

Polar Record ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erki Tammiksaar ◽  
Tarmo Kiik
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Real ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTIn 1819, the Russian government launched two expeditions: the first squadron of two ships departed to explore the southern polar areas, and the second set out for the northern polar areas. The expedition to the southern polar areas took place under the command of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. Up to the present day, very little information is available, from the Russian literature, about the initiator and main goals of the expedition. At the same time, the travels and main results of the expedition have been widely popularised, but not necessarily accurately, in Russian as well as in English. On the basis of recently discovered documents, this article attempts to establish who the initiator of these Russian expeditions was, how the expeditions were prepared, and whether the main tasks of the expeditions were realised. The conclusion is that Jean-Baptiste Prevost de Sansac, Marquis de Traversay was the initiator of the Russian Antarctic expedition, not the Russian navigators Adam Johan von Krusenstern, Otto von Kotzebue, Gavrila A. Sarychev or Vasilii M. Golovnin as stated in Soviet publications. The real aim of the expedition was to discover the Antarctic continent which would have added glory to de Traversay as well as to Emperor Alexander I and, in a wider sense, also to the Russian empire. All dates are given according to the old style calendar. The difference with the new style calendar is 12 days.

scholarly journals The ultraviolet radiation environment during an expedition across the Drake Passage and on the Antarctic Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Russell ◽  
Manmohan Gohlan ◽  
Andrew Smedley ◽  
Martin Densham
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ozone Column

AbstractPolysulphone ultraviolet dosimetry badges were deployed daily during a British Services Antarctic Expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula, including a cruise period across the Drake Passage. The expedition was undertaken from 20 December 2011 to 7 March 2012. Badges were successfully analysed from 46 days of the expedition with a daily mean of 1.8 kJ m-2 erythemal daily dose (EDD) and a range of 0.3–4.3 kJ m-2 EDD. The results indicate that the ultraviolet EDD experienced was comparable to temperate, mid-latitude locations in the spring/late summer. The variability of the badge measurements was mostly consistent with observations from a local ground-based radiometer and equivalent satellite-derived products. However, such comparisons are limited by the changing location/altitude of the expedition and known biases in the satellite data. This highlights that the new dataset of exposure experienced at the Antarctic surface complements those produced by stationary ground-based instruments or satellites and, therefore, that the badge dataset brings a new element to this issue. The highest EDD values during the expedition occurred at high altitude, and the lowest EDD values occurred at low altitude and high latitude with relatively high total ozone column concentration.

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