GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE PRE-JURASSIC BASEMENT OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE KRASNOLENINSKY SWELL IN THE LIGHT OF NEW GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL DATA

The article reviews features of the pre-Jurassic geological structure of the Krasnoleninsky Swell, located on the western edge of the West Siberian petroleum basin. New geological and geophysical materials are presented enabling significant clarifification of the relationships pattern between Precambrian, Paleozoic and Triassic formation complexes. The stratification of the pre-Jurassic section is based on previously known age determinations and datings made in recent years by high-precision methods. The analysis of mode of occurrence of Pre-Jurassic rock complexes is based on the interpretation of seismic materials and gravity and magnetic data. The proposed model of the Krasnoleninsky Swell pre-Jurassic basement is characterized by the significantly reduced volume of pre-Cambrian formations due to the expansion of the Paleozoic complexes area, local Paleozoic depressions at the base of the Yem-Yegovskaya and Kamennaya peaks and linear zones of development of Triassic terrigenous-volcanogenic rocks on the Talinskaya Terrace and in the Palyanovsky trough have been identified. The conclusion is made about the long and complex history of the basement structure formation in the zone of collision junction of divergent Ural and Central-West Siberian folded systems.

Applied Geology of Wellington Rocks for Aggregate and Concrete

<p>This study was initiated to examine geological aspects of Wellington greywacke-suite rocks in relation to their end use as an engineering material - aggregate, particularly for concrete. An attempt has been made to map (at least in part), identify and categorise rocks for quarrying in the Wellington region, to evaluate and quantify their properties as aggregates and to appraise their qualities in concrete - in short to equate rock geology to aggregate and concrete performance as a tool for resource management. Study of bedding 1ed to a classification into three lithofacies and some 70 representative samples were examined petrographically. For engineering purposes, Wellington rocks may be divided into two categories, greywacke and argillite, each having separate and distinct mineralogies and chemistries which do not alter significantly between lithofacies. Greywacke is coarser and may be distinguished from argillite texturally at a mean grain size of 5 phi (0.031 mm). Rock properties, in particular strength, modulus, density, hardness and degradation tendencies, are linked directly or indirectly with mean grain size. Argillites, though more dense, are generally weaker, softer, less elastic and degrade more readily than greywackes, the latter property being readily assessed from a newly devised test based on the destruction of chlorite by hydrochloric acid. As aggregates, greywackes produce similar particle shapes irrespective of grading. Argillites, which are generally more angular, produce concretes which are more difficult to work. Physical properties of aggregate, inherently those of its parent rock, are reflected in concrete made from it. The possibility of laumontite promoting cement alkali-silicate reaction is obviated by the mode of occurrence of minerals within the rock. Although argillite aggregates are unsuitable in certain environments and return lower strength in concrete than do greywacke aggregates, they still have a place in low strength concrete applications.</p>

Applied Geology of Wellington Rocks for Aggregate and Concrete

<p>This study was initiated to examine geological aspects of Wellington greywacke-suite rocks in relation to their end use as an engineering material - aggregate, particularly for concrete. An attempt has been made to map (at least in part), identify and categorise rocks for quarrying in the Wellington region, to evaluate and quantify their properties as aggregates and to appraise their qualities in concrete - in short to equate rock geology to aggregate and concrete performance as a tool for resource management. Study of bedding 1ed to a classification into three lithofacies and some 70 representative samples were examined petrographically. For engineering purposes, Wellington rocks may be divided into two categories, greywacke and argillite, each having separate and distinct mineralogies and chemistries which do not alter significantly between lithofacies. Greywacke is coarser and may be distinguished from argillite texturally at a mean grain size of 5 phi (0.031 mm). Rock properties, in particular strength, modulus, density, hardness and degradation tendencies, are linked directly or indirectly with mean grain size. Argillites, though more dense, are generally weaker, softer, less elastic and degrade more readily than greywackes, the latter property being readily assessed from a newly devised test based on the destruction of chlorite by hydrochloric acid. As aggregates, greywackes produce similar particle shapes irrespective of grading. Argillites, which are generally more angular, produce concretes which are more difficult to work. Physical properties of aggregate, inherently those of its parent rock, are reflected in concrete made from it. The possibility of laumontite promoting cement alkali-silicate reaction is obviated by the mode of occurrence of minerals within the rock. Although argillite aggregates are unsuitable in certain environments and return lower strength in concrete than do greywacke aggregates, they still have a place in low strength concrete applications.</p>

Assessment of Incident of Road Traffic Accident along Yola Gombe Route

Road traffic accident has become a prevalent and re-occurring phenomenon in Nigeria which constitutes a menace in modern times. Although all the developed and developing countries have suffer from various degrees of road accidents the developing countries clearly dominates with Nigeria having the second highest road accident among the 193 ranked countries of the world. This research aimed at identifying and assessing road accident hot spots between 2012 and 2016 along Yola/Gombe road. Data was collected from the accident hot spots using GIS/GPS techniques. The data was used to map out these accident hot spots. It also assessed the nature, mode of occurrence and types of injuries associated with the accidents within the study area. It further assesses the types and condition of the vehicle with the highest involvement in the accident within the study area.. GIS and Remote sensing method were used to analyse and georeference the map by throwing the coordinates of the accident hotspots that were picked and Data was also collected from Federal Road Safety Commission. These were analysed statistically. Result was used in this research. The study shows that between 2012 and 2016 about 2846 accidents were witnessed, 1,027 people died, 9017 people sustained various degrees of injuries and 3,384 vehicles were involved in the accidents. The causes of accident were observed. The preventive measures were suggested. The study recommended the need to seriously view road traffic regulations seeing them as human induced problem that demand an urgent attention. Such action is aimed at preventing untimely deaths, social, and economic losses and impacts on average Nigerians.

Improvement of Algorithm for Formation of Orthogonal Components of Input Quantities in Microprocessor Protection

The use of orthogonal components (OC) underlies the construction of measuring elements of modern protection and automation devices. In most microprocessor-based protections, the orthogonal component of the input signal is extracted using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The DFT disadvantages are its low speed, which is more than one period of the fundamental frequency, as well as the sensitivity to the free aperiodic component, which creates significant conversion errors depending on the time constant of its decay. Such a settling time of the true output signal is often unacceptable for the design of high-speed measuring devices. The paper proposes to form the OC of the equivalent signal according to the values of the cosine and sine OC of the fundamental harmonic, formed using the DFT by multiplying them by the resulting correction factor. The developed algorithm for the formation of orthogonal components of input signals in microprocessor protections is characterized by high speed in transient modes and it has wide functionality. So, the proposed digital device for forming the orthogonal components of an equivalent signal, in comparison with digital filter based on the DFT, has an increased operating speed both in the mode of occurrence of a short circuit and during the decay of the monitored signal, while maintaining the same characteristics as in the DFT in other modes. A block diagram of the proposed digital device for forming the OC of an equivalent signal has been developed, all blocks of which can be implemented on a microelectronic and microprocessor element base. A digital model of the specified device has been developed in the dynamic modeling system MatLab-Simulink in accordance with the structural diagram. As a result of the calculations, a significant (up to two times) increase in the performance of the proposed digital device for forming the OC in transient modes has been established in comparison with the shapers based on the DFT.