The complete sequence of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 reveals an alternative strategy for translation of open reading frames 2 and 3

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1675-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youchun Wang ◽  
Huayuan Zhang ◽  
Roger Ling ◽  
Hemin Li ◽  
Tim J. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Novel Genotype

Isolates of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have recently been described from China that are distinct from Burmese, Mexican and US viruses and constitute a novel genotype (genotype 4). Here, the complete genomic sequence of a representative isolate of genotype 4 HEV, amplified directly from the stool of an acutely infected patient, is presented. Analysis of the entire sequence confirms our previous conclusion, based upon partial sequence data, that these Chinese isolates belong to a novel genotype. Typical of genetic variation in HEV, most nucleotide substitutions occur in the third base of the codon and do not affect the amino acid sequence. The genotype 4 virus is unusual in that a single nucleotide insertion in the ORF 3 region changes the initiation of ORF 3, and perhaps also ORF 2. The consequences of these changes are discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular tracing of Japan-indigenous hepatitis E viruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Tanaka ◽  
Kazuaki Takahashi ◽  
Etsuro Orito ◽  
Yoshiyasu Karino ◽  
Jong-Hon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evolutionary Growth ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

The ancestor(s) of apparently Japan-indigenous strains of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was probably of foreign origin, but it remains unclear when and from where it made inroads. In this study, 24 genotype 3 and 24 genotype 4 HEV strains recovered in Japan each showed a significant cluster, clearly distinct from those of foreign strains, in the phylogenetic tree constructed from an 821 nt RNA polymerase gene fragment. The evolutionary rate, approximately 0·8×10−3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year, enabled tracing of the demographic history of HEV and suggested that the ancestors of Japan-indigenous HEV had made inroads around 1900, when several kinds of Yorkshire pig were imported from the UK to Japan. Interestingly, the evolutionary growth of genotype 3 in Japan has been slow since the 1920s, whereas genotype 4 has spread rapidly since the 1980s. In conclusion, these data suggest that the indigenization and spread of HEV in Japan were associated with the popularization of eating pork.

Experimental infection of rabbit with swine-derived hepatitis E virus genotype 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyuan Liu ◽  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Yani Sun ◽  
Yuchen Nan ◽  
Huixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4

scholarly journals First Isolation of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 in Europe through Swine Surveillance in the Netherlands and Belgium

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e22673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate W. Hakze-van der Honing ◽  
Els van Coillie ◽  
Adriaan F. G. Antonis ◽  
Wim H. M. van der Poel
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4

Isolation of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 from patients with acute cryptogenic hepatitis in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sook-Hyang Jeong ◽  
Byung-Joo Park ◽  
Yong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yun Suk Choi ◽  
Hee-Seop Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Cryptogenic Hepatitis

scholarly journals Rescue of a genotype 4 human hepatitis E virus from cloned cDNA and characterization of intergenotypic chimeric viruses in cultured human liver cells and in pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Córdoba ◽  
Alicia R. Feagins ◽  
Tanja Opriessnig ◽  
Caitlin M. Cossaboom ◽  
Barbara A. Dryman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Huh7 Cells ◽  
Cloned Cdna

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important but extremely understudied human pathogen. Genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, infecting both humans and pigs. This report describes, for the first time, the successful rescue of infectious HEV in vitro and in vivo from cloned cDNA of a genotype 4 human HEV (strain TW6196E). The complete genomic sequence of the TW6196E virus was determined and a full-length cDNA clone (pHEV-4TW) was assembled. Capped RNA transcripts from the pHEV-4TW clone were replication competent in Huh7 cells and infectious in HepG2/C3A cells. Pigs inoculated intrahepatically with capped RNA transcripts from pHEV-4TW developed an active infection, as evidenced by faecal virus shedding and seroconversion, indicating the successful rescue of infectious genotype 4 HEV and cross-species infection of pigs by a genotype 4 human HEV. To demonstrate the utility of the genotype 4 HEV infectious clone and to evaluate the potential viral determinant(s) for species tropism, four intergenotypic chimeric clones were constructed by swapping various genomic regions between genotypes 1 and 4, and genotypes 1 and 3. All four chimeric clones were replication competent in Huh7 cells, but only the two chimeras with sequences swapped between genotypes 1 and 4 human HEVs produced viruses capable of infecting HepG2/C3A cells. None of the four chimeras was able to establish a robust infection in pigs. The availability of a genotype 4 HEV infectious clone affords an opportunity to delineate the molecular mechanisms of HEV cross-species infection in the future.

Hepatitis E virus genotype 4 in a pig farm, Italy, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MONNE ◽  
L. CEGLIE ◽  
G. DI MARTINO ◽  
A. NATALE ◽  
S. ZAMPROGNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYZoonotic strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have been reported to belong to genotypes 3 and 4. In 2012 and 2013, 57 pig farms in Northern Italy that had previously resulted seropositive for HEV were surveyed for the presence of the virus, with positive samples subsequently genotyped. Hepatitis E RNA was identified in 17/57 (29·8%) seropositive farms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that distinct subtypes of genotype 3 were circulating in the north-east of Italy; as well, for the first time in the Italian swine population, genotype 4 was identified and attributed to subtype d.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4, Nanjing, China, 2001–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1528-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Dai ◽  
Chen Dong ◽  
Zhenxian Zhou ◽  
Jiuhong Liang ◽  
Min Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4
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