scholarly journals Molecular tracing of Japan-indigenous hepatitis E viruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Tanaka ◽  
Kazuaki Takahashi ◽  
Etsuro Orito ◽  
Yoshiyasu Karino ◽  
Jong-Hon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evolutionary Growth ◽  
Rna Polymerase Gene

The ancestor(s) of apparently Japan-indigenous strains of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was probably of foreign origin, but it remains unclear when and from where it made inroads. In this study, 24 genotype 3 and 24 genotype 4 HEV strains recovered in Japan each showed a significant cluster, clearly distinct from those of foreign strains, in the phylogenetic tree constructed from an 821 nt RNA polymerase gene fragment. The evolutionary rate, approximately 0·8×10−3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year, enabled tracing of the demographic history of HEV and suggested that the ancestors of Japan-indigenous HEV had made inroads around 1900, when several kinds of Yorkshire pig were imported from the UK to Japan. Interestingly, the evolutionary growth of genotype 3 in Japan has been slow since the 1920s, whereas genotype 4 has spread rapidly since the 1980s. In conclusion, these data suggest that the indigenization and spread of HEV in Japan were associated with the popularization of eating pork.

scholarly journals Analysis of human and swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates of genotype 3 in Japan that are only 81–83 % similar to reported HEV isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 2363-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Inoue ◽  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Keiichi Ito ◽  
Tooru Shimosegawa ◽  
Hiroaki Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Cluster ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Swine Hepatitis ◽  
The Uk

Full-length sequences were determined for a human hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolate (HE-JA04-1911) and two swine HEV isolates (swJ8-5 and swJ12-4) that belong to one of three clusters within genotype 3 in Japan and are close to Spanish isolates according to their partial sequences. The three HEV isolates were 89.7–92.9 % identical to each other, but only 80.7–83.0 % similar to 21 HEV strains of the same genotype isolated in Canada, Kyrgyzstan, the USA and Japan over their entire genome. On comparison with HEV isolates whose partial sequence is known, the HE-JA04-1911, swJ8-5 and swJ12-4 isolates segregated into a phylogenetic cluster consisting of human and swine HEV isolates in Japan and the UK, with identities of 89.8–100 % and 87.9–92.4 %, respectively. Genotype 3 HEV isolates were found to be markedly heterogeneous. The UK-isolate-like HEV strains in Japan may have originated from the UK via the importation of pigs since 1900.

Influence of Immunosuppressive Therapy on the Natural History of Genotype 3 Hepatitis-E Virus Infection After Organ Transplantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassim Kamar ◽  
Florence Abravanel ◽  
Janick Selves ◽  
Cyril Garrouste ◽  
Laure Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
History Of

Phylogeography and evolutionary history of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María B Pisano ◽  
Andrés C A Culasso ◽  
Nancy Altabert ◽  
Maribel G Martínez Wassaf ◽  
Silvia V Nates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Posterior Density ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highest Posterior Density

Abstract Background Few studies about the evolutionary history of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been conducted. The aim of our work was to investigate and make inferences about the origin and routes of dispersion of HEV-3 in Argentina. Methods Phylogenetic, coalescent and phylogeographic analyses were performed using a 322-bp ORF2 genomic fragment of all HEV-3 sequences with known date and place of isolation published at GenBank until May 2018 (n=926), including 16 Argentinian sequences (isolated from pigs, water and humans). Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clades within HEV-3: abchij and efg. All Argentinian samples were grouped intermingled within clade 3abchij. The coalescent analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor for the clade 3abchij would have existed around the year 1967 (95% highest posterior density (HPD): 1963–1970). The estimated substitution rate was 1.01×10−2 (95%HPD: 9.3×10ˉ3–1.09×10ˉ2) substitutions/site/y, comparable with the rate previously described. The phylogeographic approach revealed a correspondence between phylogeny and place of origin for Argentinian samples, suggesting many HEV introductions in the country, probably from Europe and Japan. Conclusions This is the first evolutionary inference of HEV-3 that includes Argentinian strains, showing the circulation of many HEV-3 subtypes, obtained from different sources and places, with recent diversification processes. Accession numbers [KX812460], [KX812461], [KX812462], [KX812465], [KX812466], [KX812467], [KX812468], [KX812469].

The complete sequence of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 reveals an alternative strategy for translation of open reading frames 2 and 3

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1675-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youchun Wang ◽  
Huayuan Zhang ◽  
Roger Ling ◽  
Hemin Li ◽  
Tim J. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Novel Genotype

Isolates of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have recently been described from China that are distinct from Burmese, Mexican and US viruses and constitute a novel genotype (genotype 4). Here, the complete genomic sequence of a representative isolate of genotype 4 HEV, amplified directly from the stool of an acutely infected patient, is presented. Analysis of the entire sequence confirms our previous conclusion, based upon partial sequence data, that these Chinese isolates belong to a novel genotype. Typical of genetic variation in HEV, most nucleotide substitutions occur in the third base of the codon and do not affect the amino acid sequence. The genotype 4 virus is unusual in that a single nucleotide insertion in the ORF 3 region changes the initiation of ORF 3, and perhaps also ORF 2. The consequences of these changes are discussed.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in slaughter-age pigs in Scotland

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. CROSSAN ◽  
S. GRIERSON ◽  
J. THOMSON ◽  
A. WARD ◽  
J. NUNEZ-GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
First Report ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYThe prevalence of anti-HEV isotype-specific antibodies and viraemia were investigated in serum samples collected from slaughter-age pigs (aged 22–24 weeks) from 23 farms in Scotland. Of 176 serum samples tested, 29·0% (n = 51) were anti-HEV IgG positive, 36·9% (n = 65) anti-HEV IgA positive and 29·0% (n = 51) anti-HEV IgM positive. Overall seroprevalence (anti-HEV IgG+ and/or IgA+ and/or IgM+) was 61·4% (n = 108). HEV RNA was detected in 72/162 serum samples (44·4%). Partial sequence of ORF2 (98 nt) was obtained from eight HEV RNA-positive samples and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that they were all of genotype 3. This is the first report on the prevalence of HEV in pigs in Scotland. Given the increasing incidence of locally acquired HEV infection in the UK, evidence that HEV is a foodborne zoonosis emphasizes the need for surveillance in pigs.

Hepatitis E virus genotype 4 in a pig farm, Italy, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MONNE ◽  
L. CEGLIE ◽  
G. DI MARTINO ◽  
A. NATALE ◽  
S. ZAMPROGNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYZoonotic strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have been reported to belong to genotypes 3 and 4. In 2012 and 2013, 57 pig farms in Northern Italy that had previously resulted seropositive for HEV were surveyed for the presence of the virus, with positive samples subsequently genotyped. Hepatitis E RNA was identified in 17/57 (29·8%) seropositive farms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that distinct subtypes of genotype 3 were circulating in the north-east of Italy; as well, for the first time in the Italian swine population, genotype 4 was identified and attributed to subtype d.

Molecular epidemiology and genetic history of European-type genotype 3 hepatitis E virus indigenized in the central region of Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1524-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsunori Nakano ◽  
Hiroshi Okano ◽  
Makoto Kobayashi ◽  
Keiichi Ito ◽  
Shigeru Ohmori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Pork products associated with human infection caused by an emerging phylotype of hepatitis E virus in England and Wales

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2417-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SAID ◽  
M. USDIN ◽  
F. WARBURTON ◽  
S. IJAZ ◽  
R.S. TEDDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYSince 2010, human hepatitis E infections have increased in England and Wales. Most cases are locally acquired and caused by hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV G3). HEV G3 is linked to the consumption of pork products. The increase is associated with the emergence of a new phylotype, HEV G3-group 2 (G3-2, also known as G3abcdhij). Sixty individuals with confirmed hepatitis E infection and no history of travel outside the UK were recruited: 19 were infected with HEV G3-group 1 (G3-1 or G3efg) and 41 with G3-2. Epidemiological data relating to usual shopping habits and consumption of ham and sausages were analysed together with typing data to identify any associations with HEV phylotype. Study participants who purchased ham and/or sausage from a major supermarket were more likely to have HEV G3-2 infection (Relative risks 1·85, P = 0·06, CI 0·97–3·53). The HEV G3-2 phylotype has not been detected in indigenous UK pigs and it is suggested that human infections could be the result of consumption of products made from pork originating outside the UK. This does not infer blame on the supermarket but the epidemiology of HEV is dynamic and reflects complex animal husbandry practices which need to be explored further.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Infection in a Renal Transplant Recipient

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Diana Vassallo ◽  
Mir Mubariz Husain ◽  
Shaun Greer ◽  
Stephen McGrath ◽  
Samreen Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipient ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
The Uk

An asymptomatic 35-year-old renal transplant recipient was noted to have deranged liver function tests. Liver biopsy revealed a portal inflammatory process with mild lobular activity and portal fibrous expansion, consistent with a virally mediated process. An extensive viral screen confirmed infection with Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3). There is increased awareness about locally acquired Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in the transplant population in the UK. The important implications of this infection are becoming more apparent as progression to liver cirrhosis can occur. However, the incidence, natural history, and treatment of HEV infection in the transplant population are not well established. This report illustrates a case of delayed spontaneous clearance of the HEV infection.

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