Description of Lactobacillus iwatensis sp. nov., isolated from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage, and Lactobacillus backii sp. nov.

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 3854-3860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Tohno ◽  
Maki Kitahara ◽  
Tomohiro Irisawa ◽  
Takaharu Masuda ◽  
Ryuichi Uegaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Two bacterial strains, designated IWT246T and IWT248, were isolated from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage from Iwate prefecture, Japan, and examined for a taxonomic study. Both organisms were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and homofermentative. The cell wall did not contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c and C19 cyclo 9,10/:1. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA, pheS and rpoA gene sequences revealed that these strains were novel and belonged to the genus Lactobacillus . Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the isolates were most closely related to the type strains of the following members of the genus Lactobacillus : Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis (96.7 % similarity), L. coryniformis subsp. torquens (96.6 %), L. bifermentans (95.5 %) and L. rennini (94.1 %). However, the 16S rRNA gene sequences of both IWT246T and IWT248 were 99.7 % similar to that of ‘ Lactobacillus backi’ JCM 18665; this name has not been validly published. Genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that these novel strains occupy a unique taxonomic position. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated genotypic separation of the novel isolates from related Lactobacillus species. The name Lactobacillus iwatensis sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates, with strain IWT246T ( = JCM 18838T = DSM 26942T) as the type strain. Our results also suggest that ‘L. backi’ does represent a novel Lactobacillus species. The cells did not contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C19 cyclo 9,10/:1 and summed feature 10 (one or more of C18 : 1ω11c, C18 : 1ω9t, C18 : 1ω6t and unknown ECL 17.834). We therefore propose the corrected name Lactobacillus backii sp. nov., with the type strain JCM 18665T ( = LMG 23555T = DSM 18080T = L1062T).

Usitatibacter rugosus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov., novel members of Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Nitrosomonadales isolated from soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Vieira ◽  
Katharina J. Huber ◽  
Meina Neumann-Schaal ◽  
Alicia Geppert ◽  
Manja Luckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Wide Range

Members of the metabolically diverse order Nitrosomonadales inhabit a wide range of environments. Two strains affiliated with this order were isolated from soils in Germany and characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strains 0125_3T and Swamp67T are Gram-negative rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated and divide by binary fission. They tested catalase-negative, but positive for cytochrome c-oxidase. Both strains form small white colonies on agar plates and grow aerobically and chemoorganotrophically on SSE/HD 1 : 10 medium, preferably utilizing organic acids and proteinaceous substrates. Strains 0125_3T and Swamp67T are mesophilic and grow optimally without NaCl addition at slightly alkaline conditions. Major fatty acids are C16 : 1  ω7c, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-8. The G+C content for 0125_3T and Swamp67T was 67 and 66.1 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that the closest relatives (<91 % sequence similarity) of strain 0125_3T were Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196T, Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5T and Denitratisoma oestradiolicum AcBE2-1T, while Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196T, Nitrosospira tenuis Nv1T and Nitrosospira lacus APG3T were closest to strain Swamp67T. The two novel strains shared 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with one another and show low average nucleotide identity of their genomes (83.8 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the two novel species Usitatibacter rugosus sp. nov (type strain 0125_3T=DSM 104443T=LMG 29998T=CECT 9241T) and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov. (type strain Swamp67T=DSM 104440T=LMG 29997T=CECT 9242T) of the novel genus Usitatibacter gen. nov., within the novel family Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov.

Mucilaginibacter soyangensis sp. nov., isolated from a lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochan Joung ◽  
Haneul Kim ◽  
Heeyoung Kang ◽  
Beom-Il Lee ◽  
Tae-Seok Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Yellow Orange

A non-motile, yellow–orange-pigmented bacterial strain, designated HME6664T, was isolated from Lake Soyang, Republic of Korea. The major fatty acids of strain HME6664T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c; 44.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (20.2 %). The DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME6664T formed a lineage within the genus Mucilaginibacter . Strain HME6664T was closely related to Mucilaginibacter ximonensis (96.7 %), Mucilaginibacter dorajii (96.5 %) and Mucilaginibacter lappiensis (96.3 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME6664T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter , for which the name Mucilaginibacter soyangensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HME6664T ( = KCTC 23261T = CECT 7824T).

scholarly journals Exilibacterium tricleocarpae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium from coralline algae Tricleocarpa sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3427-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghua Wang ◽  
Xinfeng Zheng ◽  
Shuailiang Xu ◽  
Ge Dang ◽  
Hongfei Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Link Type

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, curved rod-shaped bacterium, designed strain R142T, was isolated from a coralline algae Tricleocarpa sp. in the Beibu Gulf, China. Optimal growth occurred with 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl, at 25 °C and at pH 8. Global alignment based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R142T shared 93.8 % similarity with its closest type strain, Pseudomaricurvus alkylphenolicus KU14GT. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain R142T forms a distinct branch alongside Maricurvus nonylphenolicus KU41ET, Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae SW-11T, Pseudomaricurvus alkylphenolicus KU14GT, Pseudomaricurvus alcaniphilus MEBiC06469T and Aestuariicella hydrocarbonica SM-6T. The major polar lipids of strain R142T were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The primary cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0 and C14 : 0. The genome DNA G+C ratio was 56.4 mol%. The only detected respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8. The low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and differences in cellular fatty acids readily distinguished strain R142T from all validly published type strains. Strain R142T is therefore suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Exilibacterium tricleocarpae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Exilibacterium tricleocarpae is R142T (=MCCC 1K03816T=KCTC 72138T).

Sneathia vaginalis sp. nov. (Fusobacteriales, Leptotrichiaceae) as a replacement of the species ‘Sneathia amnii’ Harwich et al. 2012 and ‘Leptotrichia amnionii’ Shukla et al. 2002, and emended description of Sneathia Collins et al. 2001

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Eisenberg ◽  
Sabine Gronow ◽  
Jane Falgenhauer ◽  
Can Imirzalioglu ◽  
Kristin Mühldorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Members of the genus Sneathia are fastidious bacteria that predominantly colonise the female genital tract and are significantly associated with reproductive disorders and genital and neonatal disease. From a taxonomical perspective, the genus only comprises the species Sneathia sanguinegens . Numerous reports on a second species, ‘Sneathia amnii’, have been published, but the name has never been validated. The same is the case for ‘Leptotrichia amnionii’, which was previously shown to belong to the same species as ‘Sneathia amnii’. We studied strains DSM 16631T and DSM 16630, which have been identified and deposited as ‘Leptotrichia amnionii’ previously. At the time of isolation, these strains were found to be most closely related to, but clearly different from, Sneathia sanguinegens based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Both strains proved to be almost indistinguishable from ‘Sneathia amnii’ based on molecular, morphological and physiological traits. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DSM 16631T was assigned to the genus Sneathia with a sequence similarity of 95.47 % to Sneathia sanguinegens CCUG 41628T, followed by type strains of Caviibacter abscessus (93.03 %), Oceanivirga salmonicida (92.68 %) and Oceanivirga miroungae (91.97 %) as the next closely related members of the Leptotrichiaceae . The novel species was also clearly differentiated from other related taxa by core genome phylogeny, average nucleotide and amino acid identities, in silico DNA–DNA hybridization and MALDI-TOF MS. With respect to chemotaxonomic and physiological patterns, strains DSM 16631T and DSM 16630 were again highly similar to Sneathia sanguinegens . On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Sneathia vaginalis sp. nov. with the type strain DSM 16631T (=CCUG 52977T=CCUG 52889AT) and a second strain DSM 16630 (=CCUG 52976=CCUG 52888) that were both isolated from bloodstream infections in women with puerperal fever in France. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 28.4 mol% and the genome size is 1.28 Mbp. Based on the observed extremely high similarities of genotypic and phenotypic traits of the novel proposed species to those reported for ‘Sneathia amnii’, we recommend using this new name in all further publications on this taxon.

scholarly journals Glycomyces fuscus sp. nov. and Glycomyces albus sp. nov., actinomycetes isolated from a hypersaline habitat

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2437-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xue Han ◽  
Xiao-Xia Luo ◽  
Li-Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Lipid Pattern

Two actinomycete strains, designated TRM 49117T and TRM 49136T, were isolated from a hypersaline habitat in Xinjiang Province, north-west China and were characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TRM 49117T had 93.93 % similarity with the type strain Glycomyces halotolerans TRM 40137T (GenBank accession no. HQ651156) and TRM 49136T had 94.32 % similarity with G. halotolerans TRM 40137T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two new isolates was 93 %. The isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids. The predominant menaquinones of the isolates were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). The whole-cell sugar patterns of these strains contained xylose and ribose, and strain TRM 49136T also contained arabinose. The polar lipid pattern of strain TRM 49117T comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and three additional unknown phospholipids. The polar lipid pattern of strain TRM 49136T comprised phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids of unknown composition. Genotypic and phenotypic data confirmed that strains TRM 49117T and TRM 49136T represent two novel species, clearly different from related species of the genus Glycomyces , for which the names Glycomyces fuscus sp. nov. (type strain TRM 49117T = CCTCC AA 2013003T = NRRL B-59998T = KACC 17682T) and Glycomyces albus sp. nov. (type strain TRM 49136T = CCTCC AA 2013004T = NRRL B-24927T = KACC 17681T) are proposed.

Bacillus pervagus sp. nov. and Bacillus andreesenii sp. nov., isolated from a composting reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kosowski ◽  
Marie Schmidt ◽  
Rüdiger Pukall ◽  
Gerd Hause ◽  
Peter Kämpfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Two strains, 8-4-E12T and 8-4-E13T, were isolated from a biowaste composting reactor. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains belong to the genus Bacillus . Strain 8-4-E12T was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus shackletonii , B. acidicola , B. sporothermodurans and B. oleronius (96.4, 96.3, 96.0 and 95.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity, respectively), whereas strain 8-4-E13T was most closely related to the type strain of Bacillus humi (96.5 % sequence similarity). Strains 8-4-E12T and 8-4-E13T shared 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E12T was dominated by saturated iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0), and also contained considerable amounts of C16 : 0. The fatty acid profile of strain 8-4-E13T showed a predominance of iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), with smaller amounts of other saturated branched-chain fatty acids along with an unsaturated alcohol. Both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. Additionally, strain 8-4-E12T contained an unknown lipid and strain 8-4-E13T two unknown (amino-)phospholipids. The diagnostic diamino acid found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of 8-4-E12T and 8-4-E13T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the two strains from each other and from related Bacillus species. On the basis of their phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, strains 8-4-E12T and 8-4-E13T represent novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the names Bacillus pervagus sp. nov. (type strain 8-4-E12T = DSM 23947T = LMG 27601T) and Bacillus andreesenii sp. nov. (type strain 8-4-E13T = DSM 23948T = LMG 27602T) are proposed.

scholarly journals Mucilaginibacter pineti sp. nov., isolated from Pinus pinaster wood from a mixed grove of pines trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2223-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Paiva ◽  
Pedro Abreu ◽  
Diogo Neves Proença ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Bacterial strain M47C3BT was isolated from the endophytic microbial community of a Pinus pinaster tree branch from a mixed grove of pines. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism represented one distinct branch within the family Sphingobacteriaceae , most closely related to the genus Mucilaginibacter . Strain M47C3BT formed a distinct lineage, closely related to Mucilaginibacter dorajii KACC 14556T, with which it shared 97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The other members of the genus Mucilaginibacter included in the same clade were Mucilaginibacter lappiensis ATCC BAA-1855T sharing 97.0 % similarity and Mucilaginibacter composti TR6-03T that had a lower similarity (95.7 %). The novel strain was Gram-staining-negative, formed rod-shaped cells, grew optimally at 26 °C and at pH 7, and was able to grow with up to 0.3 % (w/v) NaCl. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, representing 73.5 % of the total fatty acids. The major components of the polar lipid profile of strain M47C3BT consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characteristics we propose the name Mucilaginibacter pineti sp. nov. for the novel species represented by strain M47C3BT ( = CIP 110632T = LMG 28160T).

Streptococcus troglodytae sp. nov., from the chimpanzee oral cavity

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Okamoto ◽  
Susumu Imai ◽  
Mayu Miyanohara ◽  
Wataru Saito ◽  
Yasuko Momoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Six strains, TKU 25, TKU 28, TKU 30, TKU 31T, TKU 33 and TKU 34, were isolated from the oral cavity of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Colonies of strains grown on Mitis–Salivarius agar were similar in morphology to that of Streptococcus mutans . The novel strains were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci that lacked catalase activity. Analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates showed that the most closely related strain was the type strain of S. mutans (96.4 %). The next closely related strains to the isolates were the type strains of Streptococcus devriesei (94.5 %) and Streptococcus downei (93.9 %). These isolates could be distinguished from S. mutans by inulin fermentation and alkaline phosphatase activity (API ZYM system). The peptidoglycan type of the novel isolates was Glu–Lys–Ala3. Strains were not susceptible to bacitracin. On the basis of phenotypic characterization, partial 16S rRNA gene and two housekeeping gene (groEL and sodA) sequence data, we propose a novel taxon, Streptococcus troglodytae sp. nov.; the type strain is TKU 31T ( = JCM 18038T = DSM 25324T).

scholarly journals Pseudopedobacter beijingensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coking wastewater activated sludge, and reclassification of Pedobacter saltans as Pseudopedobacter saltans comb. nov.

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_6) ◽  
pp. 1853-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwei Cao ◽  
Qiliang Lai ◽  
Guizhen Li ◽  
Zongze Shao
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain GCS-AE-31T, which was isolated from a phenol-degrading consortium, enriched from coking wastewater activated sludge of the Beijing Shougang Company Limited during the screening of phenol-degrading bacteria. Cells of strain GCS-AE-31T were Gram-stain-negative, short rods, motile by gliding, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth was observed at salinities of 0–3 % and at temperatures of 10–37 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain GCS-AE-31T was most closely related to Pedobacter saltans LMG 10337T (96.17 %), but it showed low similarity to all other species of the genus Pedobacter (89.28–92.45 %). It also showed low 16S rRNA gene similarity to all other species of the family Sphingobacteriaceae (87.25–92.45 %) examined. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The menaquinones were MK-7 (95.5 %) and MK-6 (4.5 %). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three aminolipids and three unknown phospholipids. Sphingolipid was present. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 36.2 mol%. According to its phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits, the novel strain could not be assigned to the genus Pedobacter ; it should be classified as representing a novel species of a novel genus in the family Sphingobacteriaceae , for which the name Pseudopedobacter beijingensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain GCS-AE-31T = MCCC 1A01299T = CGMCC 1.12329T = LMG 27180T). The misclassified species Pedobacter saltans is transferred to the novel genus as Pseudopedobacter saltans comb. nov. (type strain LMG 10337T = MCCC 1A06472T = DSM 12145T = CCUG 39354T = CIP 105500T = JCM 21818T = NBRC 100064T).

Characterization of isolates of members of the genus Actinomyces from Marmota himalayana: description of Actinomyces faecalis sp. nov., Actinomyces respiraculi sp. nov., and Actinomyces trachealis sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Sihui Zhang ◽  
Gui Zhang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xin-He Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Six novel strains (ZJ34T, ZJ561, ZJ750T, ZJ1629, zg-993T and zg-987) isolated from faeces and respiratory tracts of Marmota himalayana from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of PR China were characterized comprehensively. The results of analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that the six strains represent three novel species of the genus Actinomyces , and are closely related to Actinomyces urogenitalis DSM 15434T (16S rRNA gene sequences similarities, 94.9–98.7 %), Actinomyces weissii CCUG 61299T (95.6–96.6 %), Actinomyces bovis CCTCC AB2010168T (95.7 %) and Actinomyces bowdenii DSM 15435T (95.2–96.4 %), with values of digital DNA–DNA hybridization less than 30.1 % when compared with their closest relatives but higher than 70 % within each pair of novel strains (ZJ34T/ZJ561, ZJ750T/ZJ1629 and zg-993T/zg-987). All the novel strains had C18 : 1 ω9c and C16 : 0 as the two most abundant major fatty acids. MK-9(H4) or MK-8(H4) was the sole or predominant respiratory quinone of strains ZJ34T, ZJ750T and zg-993T and their polar lipid profiles differed, but all had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidyl inositol mannoside as major components. ZJ750T shared identical peptidoglycan amino acid profile with ZJ34T (alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and ornithine) and the same whole-cell sugar composition with zg-993T (glucose, rhamnose and ribose). Strain zg-993T contained alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan, and the only sugar in ZJ34T was ribose. The DNA G+C contents of the novel strains were within the range of 65.8–70.1 mol%. On the basis of the results from the aforementioned analyses, the six novel strains were classified as representing three novel species of genus Actinomyces , for which the names Actinomyces faecalis sp. nov. [type strain ZJ34T (=GDMCC 1.1952T=JCM 34355T)], Actinomyces respiraculi sp. nov. [type strain ZJ750T (=GDMCC 1.1950T=JCM 34356T)] and Actinomyces trachealis sp. nov. [type strain zg-993T (=GDMCC 1.1956T=JCM 34357T)] were proposed, respectively.

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