scholarly journals Two critical N-terminal epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein contribute to the cross-reactivity between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Xie ◽  
Chaojie Ao ◽  
Yilin Yang ◽  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Rui Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis

scholarly journals Antigenic Relationships among Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 3332-3342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ming Lin ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Tomoichiro Oka ◽  
Anastasia N Vlasova ◽  
Malak A. Esseili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACTPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. These two viruses belong to two distinct species of theAlphacoronavirusgenus withinCoronaviridaeand induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. In the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype PEDV CV777 strain, three distinct U.S. PEDV strains (the original highly virulent PC22A, S indel Iowa106, and S 197del PC177), and two representative U.S. TGEV strains (Miller and Purdue) were conducted by cell culture immunofluorescent (CCIF) and viral neutralization (VN) assays. None of the pig TGEV antisera neutralized PEDV and vice versa. One-way cross-reactions were observed by CCIF between TGEV Miller hyperimmune pig antisera and all PEDV strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies andEscherichia coli-expressed recombinant PEDV and TGEV nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and sequence analysis suggested at least one epitope on the N-terminal region of PEDV/TGEV N protein that contributed to this cross-reactivity. Biologically, PEDV strain CV777 induced greater cell fusion in Vero cells than did U.S. PEDV strains. Consistent with the reported genetic differences, the results of CCIF and VN assays also revealed higher antigenic variation between PEDV CV777 and U.S. strains.IMPORTANCEEvidence of antigenic cross-reactivity between porcine enteric coronaviruses, PEDV and TGEV, in CCIF assays supports the idea that these two species are evolutionarily related, but they are distinct species defined by VN assays. Identification of PEDV- or TGEV-specific antigenic regions allows the development of more specific immunoassays for each virus. Antigenic and biologic variations between the prototype and current PEDV strains could explain, at least partially, the recurrence of PEDV epidemics. Information on the conserved antigenicity among PEDV strains is important for the development of PEDV vaccines to protect swine from current highly virulent PEDV infections.

scholarly journals Aminopeptidase N-null neonatal piglets are protected from transmissible gastroenteritis virus but not porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Luo ◽  
Shaohua Wang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Baochao Fan ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Aminopeptidase N ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis

Abstract Swine enteric diseases have caused significant economic loss and have been considered as the major threat to the global swine industry. Several coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), have been identified as the causative agents of these diseases. Effective measures to control these diseases are lacking. The major host cells of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus have thought to be epithelial cells on small intestine villi. Aminopeptidase-N (APN) has been described as the putative receptor for entry of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into cells in vitro. Recently, Whitworth et al. have reported that APN knockout pigs are resistant to TGEV but not PEDV after weaning. However, it remains unclear if APN-null neonatal pigs are protected from TGEV. Here we report the generation of APN-null pigs by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. APN-null pigs are produced with normal pregnancy rate and viability, indicating lack of APN is not embryonic lethal. After viral challenge, APN-null neonatal piglets are resistant to highly virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Histopathological analyses indicate APN-null pigs exhibit normal small intestine villi, while wildtype pigs show typical lesions in small intestines. Immunochemistry analyses confirm that no transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen is detected in target tissues in APN-null piglets. However, upon porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge, APN-null pigs are still susceptible with 100% mortality. Collectively, this report provides a viable tool for producing animals with enhanced resistance to TGEV and clarifies that APN is dispensable for the PEDV infection in pigs.

scholarly journals Recombinant Chimeric Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Virus Provides Protection against Virulent PEDV

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual-Iglesias ◽  
Sanchez ◽  
Penzes ◽  
Sola ◽  
Enjuanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Gastroenteritis Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric coronavirus causing high morbidity and mortality in porcine herds worldwide. Although both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used, the emergence of highly virulent strains and the recurrent outbreaks even in vaccinated farms highlight the need of effective vaccines. Engineering of genetically defined live attenuated vaccines is a rational approach for novel vaccine development. In this line, we engineered an attenuated virus based on the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) genome, expressing a chimeric spike protein from a virulent United States (US) PEDV strain. This virus (rTGEV-RS-SPEDV) was attenuated in highly-sensitive five-day-old piglets, as infected animals did not lose weight and none of them died. In addition, the virus caused very minor tissue damage compared with a virulent virus. The rTGEV-RS-SPEDV vaccine candidate was also attenuated in three-week-old animals that were used to evaluate the protection conferred by this virus, compared with the protection induced by infection with a virulent PEDV US strain (PEDV-NVSL). The rTGEV-RS-SPEDV virus protected against challenge with a virulent PEDV strain, reducing challenge virus titers in jejunum and leading to undetectable challenge virus RNA levels in feces. The rTGEV-RS-SPEDV virus induced a humoral immune response specific for PEDV, including neutralizing antibodies. Altogether, the data indicated that rTGEV-RS-SPEDV is a promising vaccine candidate against virulent PEDV infection.

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