scholarly journals Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 3476-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Filomena Macedo ◽  
Ana Zélia Miller ◽  
Amélia Dionísio ◽  
Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The presence and deteriorating action of micro-organisms on monuments and stone works of art have received considerable attention in the last few years. Knowledge of the microbial populations living on stone materials is the starting point for successful conservation treatment and control. This paper reviews the literature on cyanobacteria and chlorophyta that cause deterioration of stone cultural heritage (outdoor monuments and stone works of art) in European countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Some 45 case studies from 32 scientific papers published between 1976 and 2009 were analysed. Six lithotypes were considered: marble, limestone, travertine, dolomite, sandstone and granite. A wide range of stone monuments in the Mediterranean Basin support considerable colonization of cyanobacteria and chlorophyta, showing notable biodiversity. About 172 taxa have been described by different authors, including 37 genera of cyanobacteria and 48 genera of chlorophyta. The most widespread and commonly reported taxa on the stone cultural heritage in the Mediterranean Basin are, among cyanobacteria, Gloeocapsa, Phormidium and Chroococcus and, among chlorophyta, Chlorella, Stichococcus and Chlorococcum. The results suggest that cyanobacteria and chlorophyta colonize a wide variety of substrata and that this is related primarily to the physical characteristics of the stone surface, microclimate and environmental conditions and secondarily to the lithotype.

On the lack of widespread bottom simulating reflectors in the Mediterranean Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Corradin ◽  
Angelo Camerlenghi ◽  
Michela Giustiniani ◽  
Umberta Tinivella ◽  
Claudia Bertoni
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Stability Field ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bottom Simulating Reflectors ◽  
Messinian Evaporites ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

<p>In the Mediterranean Basin, gas hydrate bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) are absent, with very few and spatially limited exceptions occurring in Eastern Mediterranean mud volcanoes and in the Nile deep sea fan. This is in spite of widespread occurrence of hydrocarbon gases in the subsurface, mainly biogenic methane, from a wide range of stratigraphic intervals.<br>In this study we model the methane hydrate stability field using all available information on DSDP and ODP boreholes in the Western Mediterranean and in the Levant Basin, including the downhole changes of pore water salinity. The models take into account the consequent pore water density changes and use known estimates of geothermal gradient. None of the drilled sites were located on seismic profiles in which a BSR is present.<br>The modelled base of the stability field of methane hydrates is located variably within, below, or even above the drilled sedimentary section (the latter case implies that it is located in the water column). We discuss the results in terms of geodynamic environments, areal distribution of Messinian evaporites, upward ion diffusion from Messinian evaporites, organic carbon content, and the peculiar thermal structure of the Mediterranean water column. <br>We conclude that the cumulative effects of geological and geochemical environments make the Mediterranean Basin a region that is unfavorable to the existence of BSRs in the seismic record, and most likely to the existence of natural gas hydrates below the seabed.<br><br></p>

scholarly journals Marine sediment cores database for the Mediterranean Basin: a tool for past climatic and environmental studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alberico ◽  
I. Giliberti ◽  
D.D. Insinga ◽  
P. Petrosino ◽  
M. Vallefuoco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractPaleoclimatic data are essential for fingerprinting the climate of the earth before the advent of modern recording instruments. They enable us to recognize past climatic events and predict future trends. Within this framework, a conceptual and logical model was drawn to physically implement a paleoclimatic database named WDB-Paleo that includes the paleoclimatic proxies data of marine sediment cores of the Mediterranean Basin. Twenty entities were defined to record four main categories of data: a) the features of oceanographic cruises and cores (metadata); b) the presence/absence of paleoclimatic proxies pulled from about 200 scientific papers; c) the quantitative analysis of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera, pollen, calcareous nannoplankton, magnetic susceptibility, stable isotopes, radionuclides values of about 14 cores recovered by Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) of Italian National Research Council (CNR) in the framework of several past research projects; d) specific entities recording quantitative data on

The effectiveness of nodulation of a wide range of lucerne cultivars

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The effectiveness of nodulation of a wide range of lucerne cultivars-growing in a sandy soil and inoculated with a commercial preparation of inoculum-varied widely, and problems appeared In two distinct groups of cultivars. The first group comprised cultivars derived at least partly from the M. falcata genotype, and with these there were problems both of ensuring nodulation and in the level of effectiveness. The second group included winter-active cultivars from around the Mediterranean Basin, among which were African and Hairy Peruvian. All plants were well nodulated, and the level of effectiveness appeared to be the only problem. Although the effect on yields was smaller in the second group than in the first, it is nevertheless one which anyone engaged on the production of improved lucerne cultivars from these potentially very useful genotypes must resolve.

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

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