scholarly journals Effects of modifying alternative respiration on nitric oxide-induced virus resistance and PR1 protein accumulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 2075-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Wu-Sheng Liang ◽  
John P. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Induce Resistance

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important defensive signal in plants but its effects on virus infection are not well understood. Administration of NO-releasing compounds immediately before inoculation of tobacco leaves with potato virus X and tobacco mosaic virus decreased the accumulation of virus, indicating that NO can induce resistance rapidly. Resistance induction was inhibited by co-administration with an NO-scavenging compound or when experiments were done in transgenic tobacco plants expressing increased alternative respiratory pathway capacity due to constitutive expression of the plant mitochondrial enzyme, alternative oxidase (AOX). These results indicate that NO, which inhibits electron transport chain activity, is triggering defensive signalling by inducing changes in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels that are in turn regulated by AOX. Experiments using nahG-transgenic plants, which cannot accumulate the defensive plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) showed that NO rapidly induces resistance to virus infection independently of SA. However, this initial state of resistance may be transient. Subsequently, by 5 days post-treatment, NO had caused an increase in pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) expression (a proxy for increased SA biosynthesis), which correlated with a longer-term state of resistance to virus infection. The induction by NO of PR1 accumulation was modified in AOX-transgenic plants. This indicates that the influence of NO on defensive gene expression is in part mediated through its effects on mitochondria.

Natural abundances of 15N and 13C indicating physiological responses in Petunia hybrida to infection by longidorid nematodes and nepoviruses

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Neilson ◽  
Linda L. Handley ◽  
David Robinson ◽  
Charlie M. Scrimgeour ◽  
Derek J.F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Pr Proteins ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Infection Virale ◽  
Longidorus Elongatus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Xiphinema Diversicaudatum

Abstract The effects of a) systemic virus infection (arabis mosaic and tomato black ring nepoviruses), b) ectoparasitic nematode feeding (Xiphinema diversicaudatum and Longidorus elongatus) and c) a combination of virus infection and nematode feeding on the natural abundances of 13C(delta13C) and 15N(delta15N) of nitrogen-starved Petunia hybrida were studied. Pathogen-induced effects were not confined to sites of virus infection or nematode feeding. Those treatments with nematodes feeding on Petunia hosts and those with a combination of virus infection and nematode feeding resulted in a depletion of shoot and root 15N compared with controls. Virus-infected plants were more 15N-enriched than those fed upon by nematodes which, in turn, were more 15N-enriched than those with both nematode and virus in combination. Shoot delta13C values from infected treatments were not significantly different from controls. Although root delta13C was significantly different from controls in most treatments, absolute differences were small. Differences in delta15N between infected and control plants were probably caused by physiological responses to pathogen infection/feeding such as production of PR-proteins and/or release of nitric oxide. Le contenu naturel en 15N et 13C comme indicateur de la reaction de Petunia hybrida a l'infestation par les nematodes Longidorides et les nepovirus - La presente etude a porte sur l'influence i) d'une infection virale systemique (nepovirus de la mosaique Arabis et du cercle noir de la tomate), ii) d'une atteinte par des nematodes ectoparasites (Xiphinema diversicaudatum et Longidorus elongatus) et iii) d'une combinaison de deux types de pathogenes sur le contenu naturel en 13C(delta13C) et en 15N(delta15N) de Petunia hybrida deficients en azote. Les effets induits par ces organismes pathogenes ne sont pas limites aux sites de l'infection virale ou a ceux des attaques des nematodes. Compares aux temoins, les traitements comportant les seules attaques de nematodes et ceux comportant des attaques combinees des deux types de parasites provoquent une diminution du 15N des racines et des parties aeriennes. Les plants infectes par les virus avaient un taux en 15N plus eleve que ceux attaques par les nematodes, lesquels, en revanche, contenaient plus de 15N que les plants soumis simultanement aux deux types de parasites. Les taux de delta13C dans les parties aeriennes des plants soumis aux differentes attaques n'etaient pas significativement differents de ceux des temoins. Si, dans la plupart des traitements, les taux de delta13C dans les racines etaient significativement differents de ceux des temoins, ces differences restaient faibles en valeur absolue. Les differences dans les taux en delta15N entre plants infectes et temoins sont probablement la resultante de reactions physiologiques aux pathogenes, telles la production de proteines PR ou l'emission d'oxyde nitrique.

Role of nitric oxide in the control of renin secretion

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. F849-F862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Kurtz ◽  
Charlotte Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Permissive Role

Because of the significant constitutive expression of NO synthases in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, nitric oxide (NO) is considered as a likely modulator of renin secretion. In most instances, NO appears as a tonic enhancer of renin secretion, acting via inhibition of cAMP degradation through the action of cGMP. Depending on as yet unknown factors, the stimulatory effect of NO on renin secretion may also switch to an inhibitory one that is compatible with the inhibition of renin secretion by cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity. Whether NO plays a direct regulatory role or a more permissive role in the control of renin secretion remains to be answered.

scholarly journals The lack of effects of zinc and nitric oxide in initial state of pilocarpine-induced seizures

Seizure ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzat Noyan ◽  
Morten Skovgaard Jensen ◽  
Gorm Danscher
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Initial State

Nitric oxide inhibits HIF-1α protein accumulation under hypoxic conditions: implication of 2-oxoglutarate and iron

Biochimie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Kozhukhar ◽  
Inna M. Yasinska ◽  
Vadim V. Sumbayev
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

scholarly journals The Expression Pattern of Nitric Oxide-sensitive Guanylyl Cyclase in the Rat Heart Changes During Postnatal Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Behrends ◽  
Andrea Mietens ◽  
Jörg Kempfert ◽  
Markus Koglin ◽  
Hasso Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing drugs such as glyceryl trinitrate have been used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease for more than a century. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of the expression of the NO target enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in the heart is missing. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the expression, cell distribution, and activity of sGC in the rat heart during postnatal development. Using a novel antibody raised against a C-terminal peptide of the rat β1-subunit of sGC, the enzyme was demonstrated in early postnatal and adult hearts by Western blotting analyses, showing maximal expression in 10-day-old animals. Measurements of basal, NO-, and NO/YC-1-stimulated sGC activity revealed an increase of sGC activity in hearts from neonatal to 10-day-old rats, followed by a subsequent decrease in adult animals. As shown by immunohis-tochemical analysis, sGC expression was present in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells in neonatal heart but expression shifted to endothelial cells in adult animals. In isolated cardiomyocytes, sGC activity was not detectable under basal conditions but significant sGC activity could be detected in the presence of NO. An increase in expression during the perinatal period and changes in the cell types expressing sGC at different phases of development suggest dynamic regulation rather than constitutive expression of the NO receptor in the heart.

scholarly journals Involvement of the chloroplast gene ferredoxin 1 in multiple responses of Nicotiana benthamiana to Potato virus X infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Yuwen Lu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Yanzhen Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Callose Deposition

Abstract The chloroplast protein ferredoxin 1 (FD1), with roles in the chloroplast electron transport chain, is known to interact with the coat proteins (CPs) of Tomato mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus. However, our understanding of the roles of FD1 in virus infection remains limited. Here, we report that the Potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein interacts with FD1, whose mRNA and protein levels are reduced by PVX infection or by transient expression of p25. Silencing of FD1 by Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) promoted the local and systemic infection of plants by PVX. Use of a drop-and-see (DANS) assay and callose staining revealed that the permeability of plasmodesmata (PDs) was increased in FD1-silenced plants together with a consistently reduced level of PD callose deposition. After FD1 silencing, quantitative reverse transcription–real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) analysis and LC-MS revealed these plants to have a low accumulation of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), which contributed to the decreased callose deposition at PDs. Overexpression of FD1 in transgenic plants manifested resistance to PVX infection, but the contents of ABA and SA, and the PD callose deposition were not increased in transgenic plants. Overexpression of FD1 interfered with the RNA silencing suppressor function of p25. These results demonstrate that interfering with FD1 function causes abnormal plant hormone-mediated antiviral processes and thus enhances PVX infection.

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