scholarly journals Five unique open reading frames of infectious laryngotracheitis virus are expressed during infection but are dispensable for virus replication in cell culture

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Veits ◽  
Thomas C. Mettenleiter ◽  
Walter Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Impairment of infectious laryngotracheitis virus replication by deletion of the UL[-1] gene

2017 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nadimpalli ◽  
S. W. Lee ◽  
J. M. Devlin ◽  
J. R. Gilkerson ◽  
C. A. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

scholarly journals Psittacid Herpesvirus 1 and Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus: Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis of Two Avian Alphaherpesviruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 7863-7872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Thureen ◽  
Calvin L. Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

ABSTRACT Psittacid herpesvirus 1 (PsHV-1) is the causative agent of Pacheco's disease, an acute, highly contagious, and potentially lethal respiratory herpesvirus infection in psittacine birds, while infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a highly contagious and economically significant avian herpesvirus which is responsible for an acute respiratory disease limited to galliform birds. The complete genome sequence of PsHV-1 has been determined and compared to the ILTV sequence, assembled from published data. The PsHV-1 and ILTV genomes exhibit similar structural characteristics and are 163,025 bp and 148,665 bp in length, respectively. The PsHV-1 genome contains 73 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), while the ILTV genome contains 77 predicted ORFs. Both genomes contain an inversion in the unique long region similar to that observed in pseudorabies virus. PsHV-1 is closely related to ILTV, and it is proposed that it be assigned to the Iltovirus genus. These two avian herpesviruses represent a phylogenetically unique clade of alphaherpesviruses that are distinct from the Marek's disease-like viruses (Mardivirus). The determination of the complete genomic nucleotide sequences of PsHV-1 and ILTV provides a tool for further comparative and functional analysis of this unique class of avian alphaherpesviruses.

scholarly journals Glycoprotein J of infectious laryngotracheitis virus is required for efficient egress of infectious virions from cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 2586-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mundt ◽  
Egbert Mundt ◽  
Robert J. Hogan ◽  
Maricarmen García
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Glycoprotein J (gJ) of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) represents a major viral antigen and is dispensable for replication in cell culture and chickens. We generated gJ deletion mutants derived from the United States Department of Agriculture standard challenge strain (USDA-ch), a GFP-expressing mutant GΔgJ, a gJ deletion mutant void of any foreign DNA insertion (BΔgJ) and a gJ rescue mutant gJR with US5 restored. GΔgJ, BΔgJ and gJR were characterized in cell culture and embryonated eggs. Entry kinetic assays showed that the gJ deletion mutants did not differ in their entry kinetics from gJR. Replication kinetics strongly indicated that gJ plays an important role during egress of the virus. Differences in the abilities of the mutants to replicate in chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos and to release infectious virus into the allantoic fluid supported a function of gJ during the egress of ILTV from infected cells.

scholarly journals Gene Arrangement within the Unique Long Genome Region of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus Is Distinct from That of Other Alphaherpesviruses

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Ziemann ◽  
Thomas C. Mettenleiter ◽  
Walter Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Genome Region ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT The genome of the avian alphaherpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) comprises ca. 155 kbp of which ca. one-third have been sequenced so far. To gain additional sequence information we analyzed two stretches of 15.5 and 1.9 kbp of the ILTV unique long (UL) genome region. The larger fragment contains homologs of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) UL23 (thymidine kinase) and UL22 (glycoprotein H) genes followed by five open reading frames (ORF) encoding putative proteins of 334 to 410 amino acids which exhibit no homology to any known herpesvirus protein. RNA analyses showed that these unique ILTV genes are indeed expressed. An origin of replication separates this cluster of unique genes from a conserved gene cluster consisting of the UL45, UL46, UL48, UL49, UL49.5, and UL50 homologs. The absence of UL47 from this position coincides with the localization of a UL47-homologous ORF within the unique short (US) region of the ILTV genome (M. Wild, S. Cook, and M. Cochran, Virus Genes 12:107–116, 1996). Within the second analyzed region the ILTV UL21 homolog was found adjacent to the UL44 gene. We thus identified five novel herpesvirus genes in ILTV and present evidence for a large internal inversion in the ILTV ULregion, in contrast to the collinear genomes of other alphaherpesviruses. Interestingly, a similar inversion is also present in the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus during In Vivo Coinfection Parallels Viral Replication and Arises from Recombination Hot Spots within the Genome

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Loncoman ◽  
Carol A. Hartley ◽  
Mauricio J. C. Coppo ◽  
Paola K. Vaz ◽  
Andrés Diaz-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Virus Recombination ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Genotyping Assay ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Recombination Hot Spots

ABSTRACT Recombination is a feature of many alphaherpesviruses that infect people and animals. Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1) causes respiratory disease in chickens, resulting in significant production losses in poultry industries worldwide. Natural (field) ILTV recombination is widespread, particularly recombination between attenuated ILTV vaccine strains to create virulent viruses. These virulent recombinants have had a major impact on animal health. Recently, the development of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay for ILTV has helped to understand ILTV recombination in laboratory settings. In this study, we applied this SNP genotyping assay to further examine ILTV recombination in the natural host. Following coinoculation of specific-pathogen-free chickens, we examined the resultant progeny for evidence of viral recombination and characterized the diversity of the recombinants over time. The results showed that ILTV replication and recombination are closely related and that the recombinant viral progeny are most diverse 4 days after coinoculation, which is the peak of viral replication. Further, the locations of recombination breakpoints in a selection of the recombinant progeny, and in field isolates of ILTV from different geographical regions, were examined following full-genome sequencing and used to identify recombination hot spots in the ILTV genome. IMPORTANCE Alphaherpesviruses are common causes of disease in people and animals. Recombination enables genome diversification in many different species of alphaherpesviruses, which can lead to the evolution of higher levels of viral virulence. Using the alphaherpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), we performed coinfections in the natural host (chickens) to demonstrate high levels of virus recombination. Higher levels of diversity in the recombinant progeny coincided with the highest levels of virus replication. In the recombinant progeny, and in field isolates, recombination occurred at greater frequency in recombination hot spot regions of the virus genome. Our results suggest that control measures that aim to limit viral replication could offer the potential to limit virus recombination and thus the evolution of virulence. The development and use of vaccines that are focused on limiting virus replication, rather than vaccines that are focused more on limiting clinical disease, may be indicated in order to better control disease.

scholarly journals DNA sequence of the UL6 to UL20 genes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus and characterization of the UL10 gene product as a nonglycosylated and nonessential virion protein

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Fuchs ◽  
Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Virion Protein ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Genome Region ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Simplex Virus

The 24 kbp KpnI restriction fragment A from the unique long genome region of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV, gallid herpesvirus-1) has been sequenced. The analysed region contains 14 open reading frames sharing homology with conserved alphaherpesvirus genes. Arrangement of the UL6 to UL20 homologues of ILTV is almost identical to that found in the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. As in other herpesviruses the UL15 gene consists of two exons and is expressed from a spliced mRNA. However, the UL16 gene, which is usually localized within the intron sequence of UL15, is not conserved at this position of the ILTV genome. Another unique feature is the absence of any putative N-glycosylation motifs within the deduced ILTV UL10 gene product, which is the homologue of the conserved herpesvirus glycoprotein M. After preparation of a monospecific antiserum, two distinct UL10 proteins with apparent molecular masses of 36 and 31 kDa were identified in ILTV-infected cells as well as in purified virions. None of these UL10 gene products is modified by N- or O-linked glycosylation. Isolation of a green fluorescent protein-expressing UL10 deletion mutant of ILTV revealed that this gene is not required for virus replication in cell culture.

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