scholarly journals Modern Approach to Ureteral Stones

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 853-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert G. Tailly

Urolithiasis is a very common affliction of mankind. In western countries incidence is increasing steadily. An increasing proportion of patients are presenting with ureteral stones, of which renal colic most often is the first complaint and the most common reason for an emergency visit to a urologist. Proper imaging strategy is of paramount importance in the diagnosis of acute flank pain and in the subsequent therapy planning once a ureteral stone is diagnosed. Renal colic during pregnancy poses specific problems, both in imaging and therapy. Apart from the adequate treatment of renal colic, modern therapy of those ureteral calculi that will not pass spontaneously will consist of a judicious combination of ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy), endourology, and laparoscopy. Open surgery should only be reserved for limited and very specific indications. Although beyond the scope of this article, metaphylaxis should take an important role in the follow-up of stone patients in general.

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Radulovic ◽  
Aleksandra Vuksanovic ◽  
Dragica Milenkovic-Petronic ◽  
Bozo Vavic

Background/Aim. Primary therapeutic approach to lumbar ureteral stones is still contraversial. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of stone impaction and size on the effectiveness of proximal ureteral stone lithotripsy. Methods. A total of 123 patients with proximal ureteral stones were investigated in this prospective study performed in a 10- month period. The patients were divided into the group I - 86 patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and the group II - 37 patients treated with 'Swiss' Lithoclast. In the group I, 49 stones (57%) were classified as impacted, while 20 stones (23.3%) were larger than 100 mm2. In the group II, 26 stones (70.3%) were impacted, and 11 stones (29.7%) were larger than 100 mm2. Stones were defined as impacted by the radiographic, echosonographic as well as endoscopic findings in the group II of patients. Stone size was presented in mm2. Chemical composition of stones were almost the same in both groups of the patients. Results. Generally, there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment success between the groups. However, stones larger than 100 mm2 were statistically more successfully treated endoscopically, while there was no statistical difference in the treatment success of impacted stones between these two groups. Conclusion. ESWL can by considered as primary first therapeutic approach in treatment of all proximal ureteral stones except for stones larger than 100 mm2 that should primarily be treated endoscopically.


Author(s):  
Michael Koch ◽  
Mirco Lothar Schapher ◽  
Konstantinos Mantsopoulos ◽  
Miguel Goncalves ◽  
Heinrich Iro

Abstract Objective Ultrasound (US) and sialendoscopy (SE) are routinely used in patients presenting with sialolithiasis in the submandibular (SMG) and parotid gland (PG). The objective was to assess the value of the simultaneous application of US and SE in the management of sialolithiasis. Study Design Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral center for salivary gland diseases. Participants: Patients in whom US and SE as single investigation tools were neither conclusive nor useful in the management of sialolithiasis were investigated using both methods simultaneously (simUS + SE). Main outcome measures: Establishment of the final diagnosis and/or contribution to the planning/performing of treatment in sialolithiasis. Results 74 patients were examined by simUS + SE (58.1 % SMG and 41.9 % PG). In all patients (unclear) hyperechoic reflexes were assessed and/or localized by SE-controlled US navigation. 68.9 % of the patients were investigated for diagnostic or differential-diagnostic reasons including distinguishing extraductal from intraductal calcifications and/or to exclude residual stones after therapy. In 52.7 % simUS + SE was used to plan and/or perform further treatment, in 20.3 % to enable performing a combined approach (all PG) and in 29.7 % to evaluate and plan the most adequate therapy (mainly intraductal vs. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 68.2 % of these SMG). In two cases SE-controlled and US-guided stone extraction was performed. Conclusion SimUS + SE is an innovative approach which proved to be very useful in managing sialolithiasis. It added valuable information regarding the establishment of a diagnosis or differential diagnosis, planning and performing the most adequate treatment, intraoperative control of therapy and postoperative follow-up.


1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean D. Doublet ◽  
Kessile Tchala ◽  
Mohamed Tligui ◽  
Calin Ciofu ◽  
Bernard Gattegno ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Bianchi ◽  
Diego Marega ◽  
Roberto Knez ◽  
Stefano Bucci ◽  
Carlo Trombetta

Introduction. We analyzed efficacy and complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and analgesia requirement during the treatment in two groups of patients treated with different lithotripters. Materials and methods. The patients treated were 189, 102 between September 2016 and April 2017 with HMT Lithotron® LITS 172, electrohydraulic, and 87 between May and September 2017 with Storz Medical Modulith® SLK, electromagnetic. The main differences between the lithotripters are: type of energy source, patient position, frequency and number of shock waves. All the patients underwent sonography before and four to eight weeks after the treatment. The targeting was sonographic for renal stones and X-ray for ureteral stones. All the patients received Ketorolac before the treatment with a supplement of Pethidine if needed. People lost to follow-up and with incomplete data were excluded. Results. We enrolled 173 patients, 94 treated with the electrohydraulic lithotripter and 79 with the electromagnetic one. 43 patients (54%) in the electromagnetic group and 31 (33%) in the electrohydraulic group were stone free or presented clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs), defined as asymptomatic, noninfectious, ≤ 3 mm. The association between CIRFs and the kind of lithotripter was statistically significant (p = 0.004). An increased need for analgesia was found in 14.9% of patients in the electromagnetic group and in 81% of patients in the electrohydraulic group (p < 0.001). The access to emergency room (intractable pain, kidney failure, fever, Steintrasse) after the treatment was similar in the two groups (p = 0.37). Conclusions. The best results in stones fragmentation and less analgesia requirement were demonstrated in the electromagnetic lithotripter group. No differences were demonstrated considering the need for emergency room after the treatment


2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan L Losek ◽  
Laurie S Mauro

Objective: To review the evidence for the safety and efficacy of adjunctive tamsulosin in enhancing the efficacy of renal and ureteral stone clearance when used with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Data Sources: A search of MEDLINE (1950-January 2008), PubMed (1950-January 2008), and the Iowa Drug Information System (1966-January 2008) was performed using the search terms tamsulosin and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. MeSH headings included lithotripsy and adrenergic α-antagonists. Additional references were found by searching bibliographic references of resulting citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies utilizing tamsulosin therapy after a single session of ESWL or after the development of steinstrasse, an accumulation of stone fragments that obstructs the ureter, were included. Data Synthesis: To date, 5 prospective studies have evaluated the efficacy of tamsulosin combined with ESWL in enhancing the passage of renal and ureteral stones. in one trial, 12-week renal stone clearance was 60% in the control group compared with 78.5% in the tamsulosin group (p = 0.037). Among trials that evaluated overall ureteral stone clearance, efficacy rates were 33.3-79.3% in the control groups compared with 66.6-96.6% in the tamsulosin groups. Reports of pain and supplemental analgesic dosing were consistently lower with tamsulosin, but data on the incidence of subsequent retreatment with ESWL or ureteroscopy was rarely reported. Adjunctive tamsulosin particularly enhanced the passage of renal stones 10-24 millimeters in diameter. Overall, tamsulosin was well tolerated. Conclusions: Overall, evidence suggests that adjunctive tamsulosin therapy combined with ESWL is safe and effective in enhancing stone clearance in patients with renal stones 10-24 millimeters in diameter. Evidence regarding ureteral stone clearance is inconclusive, although adjunctive tamsulosin has been reported to reduce painful episodes. Larger prospective trials evaluating different dosages and stone locations, as well as the ability of tamsulosin to reduce repeat ESWL or more invasive methods such as ureteroscopy should be performed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyoub Barzegarnezhad ◽  
Abolfazl Firouzian ◽  
Seyed Abdollah Emadi ◽  
Nadali Mousanejad ◽  
Roksana Bakhshali

Introduction. Urinary stone is a common cause of urinary tract disease. Stone excretion using ureteroscope is effective in inferior ureter. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aminophylline on ureteral spasm during ureteroscopy in acute phase of renal colic.Methods. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 120 patients with ureteral stones were enrolled and randomized into two groups. The bladder was drained and then received a 150 mL irrigation solution. Irrigation solution was saline and saline plus 10 mL aminophylline at 250 mg dose for control and case groups, respectively. Ureteroscopy and transureteral lithotripsy (TUL) were performed five minutes after irrigation.Results. The mean duration of TUL was4.2±2.61 min and8.4±2.9 min for control and case groups, respectively. The successful rate was 95% and 76.1% in case and control groups, respectively. Further extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) was performed in 5% and 30% for patients in case and control groups, respectively.Conclusion. Aminophylline facilitated ureteroscopy and increased the success rate in the treatment of renal colic using TUL. No significant complications from post-TUL were observed. Using aminophylline carries several advantages such as reducing procedure duration, decreasing the need for ureteral and double-J catheter, and reducing stone migration to the kidney and use of SWL.


1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuncoro Adi ◽  
Ferry Safriadi ◽  
Suwandi Sugandi ◽  
Zulhardi Haroen ◽  
Bambang S Noegroho ◽  
...  

Objective: To assess the efficacy of pulsed holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for ureteral stone therapy. Material and method: Ninety-one patients (70 males and 21 females) with age range 20 – 76 years underwent 93 ureteroscopic procedures for 101 ureteral stones. A preoperative diagnosis was established by ultrasound scanning and intravenous urography. An 8 F rigid Karl-Storz ureteroscope was used for a holmium:YAG laser (OmniPulse MaxTM 80 watt Holmium Laser System Model 1210-VHP, Trimedyne,Inc. Irvine CA, USA) as energy source for laser lithotripsy. The stone localization was mostly at the lower third of the ureter. The mean stone size was 9,6 mm, mean duration of procedure was 48,1 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 2,1 days. Results: The overall stone clearance rate was 95,6% with the best results for stones in the middle third of the ureter (100%). At follow up we noted two patients with residual stones and two patients with a perforation of the ureteral wall. Conclusion: The Holmium:YAG laser is effective for ureteral stone treatment with a high success rate. Special attention and care should be afforded in impacted ureteral stones. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Alevizopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Zosimas ◽  
Lamprini Piha ◽  
Milad Hanna ◽  
Konstantinos Charitopoulos

Introduction: The management of ureteral calculi has evolved over the past decades with the advent of new surgical and medical treatments. The current guidelines support conservative management as a possible approach for ureteral stones sized = 10 mm. Objectives: We purport to follow the natural history of ureteral stones managed conservatively in this retrospective study, and attempt to ascribe an estimated health-care and cost-effectiveness, from presentation to time of being stone-free. Materials and methods: 192 male and female patients with a single ureteral stone sized = 10 mm were included in this study. The clinical and cost-related outcome was analyzed for different stone sizes (0-4, 4-6 and 6-10 mm). The effectiveness of selected follow-up (FU) scans was also analyzed. Results: Stone size was found to be related to the degree of hydronephrosis and to the likelihood of need for a surgical management. Conservative management was found to be clinically effective, as 88% of the patients did not require surgery for their stone. 96.1% of the patients with a stone 0-4mm managed to expel their ureteral stone. Bigger ureteral stones were found to be more costly. The cost-effectiveness of the single FU scans was found to be related to their efficiency, while the global cost-effectiveness of conservative management vs. early surgery was higher for smaller stones (26.8 vs. 17.32% for stones 0-4 vs. 6-10 mm). Conclusion: Conservative management is clinically effective with a significant cost-benefit, particularly for the subgroup of stones sized 0-4 mm, where a need for FU scans is in dispute.


2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Edmundas Štarolis ◽  
Laimutis Andreika ◽  
Egidijus Gatelis ◽  
Valdemaras Dasevičius ◽  
Darius Šilinis

Edmundas Štarolis, Laimutis Andreika, Egidijus Gatelis, Valdemaras Dasevičius, Darius ŠilinisVilniaus miesto universitetinės ligoninės Urologijos skyrius,Antakalnio g. 57 LT-10207 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Ekstrakorporinė smūginės bangos litotripsija dažniausia yra pirmo pasirinkimo būdas gydant šlapimtakių akmenligę. Mes įvertinome akmenų dilimo ir išsivalymo rezultatus, atsižvelgdami į akmenų padėtį, dydį, hidronefrozės laipsnį, akmens įstrigimo šlapimtakyje laiką, inkstų dieglių skausmus. Ligoniai ir metodai Atlikus retrospektyvųjį tyrimą, įvertinti 362 ligonių 371 šlapimtakių akmens šalinimo rezultatai. Nuo 2003 m. sausio 1 d. iki 2004 m. gruodžio 31 d. atliktos 702 gydymo procedūros. Akmenų padėtis ir dydis buvo įvertinami apžvalginės urogramos ar intraveninių urogramų būdu, inkstų diegliai ir akmenų įstrigimo laikas – iš anamnezės ir klinikinių duomenų, hidronefrozės laipsnis – atliekant ultragarsinį inkstų tyrimą ir intravenines urogramas. Skilimo rezultatas įvertintas išrašant ligonį iš stacionaro, likusių fragmentų pasišalinimas – po 3 mėnesių rentgenografijos būdu. Gydymas buvo neveiksmingas, jei rasti likę 4 mm ar didesni fragmentai. Rezultatai Šlapimtakių viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio akmenys statistiškai reikšmingai geriau fragmentuojasi ir išsivalo negu vidurinio trečdalio. Lyginant viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio akmenų šalinimo rezultatus, skirtumo nerasta. Inkstų diegliai neturėjo įtakos nei fragmentacijos, nei išsivalymo rezultatams. Hidronefrozės laipsnis turėjo įtakos skilimo rezultatams (didesnio hidronefrozės laipsnio naudai), bet lyginant pagal šį požymį išsivalymo rezultatus, statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo nepastebėta. Pagal gydymo baigties priklausomybę nuo akmens įstrigimo šlapimtakyje laiko, fragmentacijos rezultatai nesiskyrė, bet išsivalymas statistiškai reikšmingai geresnis, jei akmuo įstrigęs mažiau nei prieš 1 mėn. Dažniausia rezultatai skyrėsi grupių, suskirstytų pagal akmenų dydį: gauta atvirkštinė gydymo rezultatų priklausomybė tiek fragmentacijos, tiek išsivalymo atžvilgiu. Išvados Geriausi gydymo rezultatai gauti šalinant šlapimtakių viršutinio ir apatinio trečdalio nedidelius (iki 7 mm), neseniai (iki 1 mėn.) įstrigusius akmenis. Inkstų diegliai neturėjo įtakos gydymo rezultatams. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ekstrakorporinė smūginės bangos litotripsija, šlapimtakių akmenligė, gydymas Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment of ureteral stones Edmundas Štarolis, Laimutis Andreika, Egidijus Gatelis, Valdemaras Dasevičius, Darius ŠilinisVilnius City University Hospital, Department of Urology,Antakalnio g. 57 LT-10207 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is considered as a first line treatment for the majority of ureteral stones. We investigated fragmentation and stone-free rates, depending of their localization, presence of renal colic, degree of hydronephrosis, the impact time and size of the stones. Patients and methods There is a retrospective study evaluating treatment of 371 ureteral stones for 362 patients in our department since January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004. A total of 702 treatment sessions have been performed. Localization and size of the stones were evaluated by plain X-ray and / or intravenous pyelography. Presence or absence of renal colic, the time of impact were evaluated by anamnesis and clinical features and the degree of hydronephrosis by ultrasound and / or intravenous pyelography. The fragmentation rate has been evaluated before discharging and stone-free rate 3 months later by X-ray. Treatment failure has been considered, if 4 mm or larger fragments were still present. Results Stones in the upper and lower ureter, comparing with those in the middle, had a statistically significantly better fragmentation and stone-free rates. There was no significant difference in the treatment results between the upper and lower ureter stones. Presence or absence of renal colic did not correlate with fragmentation nor stone-free rates. The degree of hydronephrosis correlated with fragmentation rate in favour of a higher dilatation group, but not with a stone-free rate. Fragmentation rate did not correlate with the time of impact, but a correlation has been found comparing these two groups by stone-free rate, in favour of the shorter time of impact. The correlation was best comparing the groups according to the size of stones. The smaler stone-size groups demonstrated a statistically significantly better fragmentation as well as higher stone-free rates. Conclusions We found extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment most effective for treating the upper and lower ureter, smaller size (< 7 mm), shorter time of impact (less than 1 month) stones. Presence or absence of renal colic did not correlate with fragmentation nor stone-free rates. Keywords: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteral calculi, treatment


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