scholarly journals The Inter-Relationship of Periostin, TGFβ, and BMP in Heart Valve Development and Valvular Heart Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1509-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Conway ◽  
Thomas Doetschman ◽  
Mohamad Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Valve Development ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
Relationship Of

Recent studies have suggested an important role for periostin and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands in heart valve formation and valvular heart diseases. The function of these molecules in cardiovascular development has previously been individually reviewed, but their association has not been thoroughly examined. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the association between periostin and TGFβ and BMP ligands, and discuss the implications of this association in the context of the role of these molecules in heart valve development and valvular homeostasis. Information about hierarchal connections between periostin and TGFβ and BMP ligands in valvulogenesis will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis, progression, and medical treatment of human valve diseases.

CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS IN PATIENTS OVER 50 YEAR OLD WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASES INDICATED FOR VALVE SURGERY

2016 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Bang Giap Vo ◽  
Anh Binh Ho ◽  
Van Minh Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Heart Valve Diseases ◽  
Coronary Artery Lesions ◽  
Circumflex Coronary Artery ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Valve Diseases

Objectives: To investigate the features of coronary artery lesions in patients over 50 with heart valve diseases and to find out the relationship between the levels of coronary artery lesions and heart valve diseases. Results: In patients over 50 year old with heart valve diseases, the rate of significant coronary artery lesions is 55.5%. In which, significant lesions in the group of both mitral and aorta valve diseases is 44.19%, only mitral valve diseases is of 70%, only aortic valve diseases is of 51.85%. There is a relationship between the severity of mitral valve diseases and right coronary artery lesions (OR 3.74: 1.64 to 8.5, p = 0.0017) and circumflex coronary artery lesions (OR 2.59: 1.16 to 5.75, p = 0.0192). The severity of heart valve lesions in significant coronary artery lesions group is higher than insignificant coronary artery lesions group or normal group. Conclusion: Coronary artery lesions is common in patients > 50 years old with heart valve diseases, there is a relationship between the severity of mitral valve diseases and and right coronary artery lesions and circumflex coronary artery lesions. Key words: coronary artery lesions, mitral valvediseases

Tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Denisa Muraru ◽  
Elif Leyla Sade
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Alternative Modality ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transcatheter Interventions ◽  
Valve Diseases

Right heart valves have gained significant interest in the context of a plethora of new emerging percutaneous transcatheter interventions for treating tricuspid and pulmonary valve diseases. Multimodality imaging is pivotal for patient diagnosis, management, and prognosis, as well as for planning interventional and surgical valve procedures. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for initial diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of patients with right-sided valvular heart disease. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance has emerged as a complementary or alternative modality for providing diagnostic information on the tricuspid and pulmonary valve anatomy, and particularly on the pulmonary artery and the consequences on the right ventricle. This chapter highlights the current use of various imaging modalities for the state-of-the-art assessment of right-sided valvular heart diseases, with emphasis on the main clinical indications, as well as on the strengths and limitations of each modality.

Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) knockdown on porcine testis morphology and spermatogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Qiyuan Lin ◽  
Yufeng Qin ◽  
Xinyu Liang ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) superfamily that plays an essential role in mammalian ovary development, oocyte maturation and litter size. However, little is known regarding the expression pattern and biological function of BMP15 in male gonads. In this study we established, for the first time, a transgenic pig model with BMP15 constitutively knocked down by short hairpin (sh) RNA. The transgenic boars were fertile, but sperm viability was decreased. Further analysis of the TGFB/SMAD pathway and markers of reproductive capacity, namely androgen receptor and protamine 2, failed to identify any differentially expressed genes. These results indicate that, in the pig, the biological function of BMP15 in the development of male gonads is not as crucial as in ovary development. However, the role of BMP15 in sperm viability requires further investigation. This study provides new insights into the role of BMP15 in male pig reproduction.

scholarly journals Triggers for Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Anxiety

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Severino ◽  
Marco Valerio Mariani ◽  
Annalisa Maraone ◽  
Agostino Piro ◽  
Andrea Ceccacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Substrate ◽  
Clinical Strategies

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most widely recognized arrhythmia. Systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and valvular heart diseases are major risk factors for the onset and progression of AF. Various studies have emphasized the augmented anxiety rate among AF patients due to the poor quality of life; however, little information is known about the possibility of triggering atrial fibrillation by anxiety. The present review sought to underline the possible pathophysiological association between AF and anxiety disorders and suggests that anxiety can be an independent risk factor for AF, acting as a trigger, creating an arrhythmogenic substrate, and modulating the autonomic nervous system. The awareness of the role of anxiety disorders as a risk factor for AF may lead to the development of new clinical strategies for the management of AF.

Efficient generation of bone morphogenetic protein 15-edited Yorkshire pigs using CRISPR/Cas9†

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054-1068
Author(s):  
Xuan Shi ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
Qiyuan Lin ◽  
Hongbo Liu ◽  
Yufeng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Efficient Generation ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, plays an essential role in ovarian follicular development in mono-ovulatory mammalian species. Studies using a biallelic knockout mouse model revealed that BMP15 potentially has just a minimal impact on female fertility and ovarian follicular development in polyovulatory species. In contrast, our previous study demonstrated that in vivo knockdown of BMP15 significantly affected porcine female fertility, as evidenced by the dysplastic ovaries containing significantly decreased numbers of follicles and an increased number of abnormal follicles. This finding implied that BMP15 plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian follicular development in polyovulatory species. To further investigate the regulatory role of BMP15 in porcine ovarian and follicular development, here, we describe the efficient generation of BMP15-edited Yorkshire pigs using CRISPR/Cas9. Using artificial insemination experiments, we found that the biallelically edited gilts were all infertile, regardless of different genotypes. One monoallelically edited gilt #4 (Δ66 bp/WT) was fertile and could deliver offspring with a litter size comparable to that of wild-type gilts. Further analysis established that the infertility of biallelically edited gilts was caused by the arrest of follicular development at preantral stages, with formation of numerous structurally abnormal follicles, resulting in streaky ovaries and the absence of obvious estrous cycles. Our results strongly suggest that the role of BMP15 in nonrodent polyovulatory species may be as important as that in mono-ovulatory species.

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