scholarly journals Does offspring sex ratio differ between urban and forest populations of great tits (Parus major)?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Ágh ◽  
Ivett Pipoly ◽  
Krisztián Szabó ◽  
Ernő Vincze ◽  
Veronika Bókony ◽  
...  

SummarySince male and female offspring may have different costs and benefits, parents may use sex ratio adjustment to increase their fitness under different environmental conditions. Urban habitats provide poorer conditions for nestling development in many birds. Therefore, we investigated whether great tits (Parus major) produce different brood sex ratios in urban and natural habitats. We determined the sex of nestlings of 126 broods in two urban and two forest habitats between 2012 and 2014 by molecular sexing. We found that brood sex ratio did not differ significantly between urban and forest habitats either at egg-laying or near fledging. Male offspring were larger than females in both habitats. This latter result suggests that male offspring may be more costly to raise than females, yet our findings suggest that urban great tits do not produce more daughters despite the unfavourable breeding conditions. This raises the possibility that other aspects of urban life, such as better post-fledging survival, might favour males and thereby compensate for the extra energetic costs of producing male offspring.

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Nóra Ágh ◽  
Ivett Pipoly ◽  
Krisztián Szabó ◽  
Ernő Vincze ◽  
Veronika Bókony ◽  
...  

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Lajos Sasvári ◽  
Isao Nishiumi

Abstract We studied survival of adult Tawny Owls (Strix aluco), number of breeding pairs, breeding performance, and offspring sex ratio in relation to the number of snowy days in the preceding winter in Duna-Ipoly National Park, Hungary. A new male was more likely to be present after a winter with many snowy days, although female survival was not affected by weather. Number of breeding pairs and number of fledglings declined with increasing number of snowy days. Offspring sex ratio varied according to whether snow cover was present during the egg-laying period, with broods being male biased during adverse conditions but female biased during mild conditions. Also, female nestlings were more likely to die before fledging than male nestlings. These data suggest that female Tawny Owls are able to adjust the sex ratio of their brood according to the expected differential success of nestlings under the prevailing weather conditions. This adjustment in relation to environmental conditions has important implications for the demography of Tawny Owl breeding populations. Las Condiciones Ambientales Afectan la Variación en el Cociente de Sexos de las Crías y la Supervivencia de los Adultos en Strix aluco Resumen. Estudiamos la supervivencia de los adultos de Strix aluco, el número de parejas reproductivas, el desempeño reproductivo y el cociente de sexos de las crías con relación al número de días con nieve en el invierno precedente en el Parque Nacional Duna-Ipoly, Hungría. Un macho nuevo tuvo mayor probabilidad de estar presente luego de un invierno con muchos días con nieve, aunque la supervivencia de las hembras no estuvo afectada por el clima. El número de parejas reproductivas y el número de volantones disminuyeron con un incremento en el número de días con nieve. El cociente de sexos de las crías varió de acuerdo con la presencia de cobertura de nieve durante el período de puesta de los huevos: las nidadas estuvieron sesgadas hacia los machos durante períodos de condiciones adversas y sesgadas hacia las hembras durante períodos de condiciones moderadas. Además, los pichones hembra tuvieron mayor probabilidad de morir antes de dejar el nido que los machos. Estos datos sugieren que las hembras de S. aluco son capaces de ajustar el cociente de sexos de sus nidadas de acuerdo al éxito diferencial esperado de los pichones bajo las condiciones climáticas dominantes. Este ajuste relacionado con las condiciones ambientales tiene implicancias importantes para la demografía de las poblaciones reproductivas de S. aluco.


The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Heg ◽  
N. J. Dingemanse ◽  
C. M. Lessells ◽  
A. C. Mateman

Abstract We investigated hatchling and fledgling sex ratios in Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. The overall hatchling (53% males, n = 374 hatchlings from 177 broods) and fledgling (49% males, n = 51) sex ratio did not differ significantly from unity. Hatchling and fledgling sex ratios were not correlated with laying date, clutch size, brood size, egg-laying sequence, territory quality, male age, or male breeding experience, but hatchling sex ratio was positively correlated with age and breeding experience of females (0.05 < P < 0.075, n = 71). Older females produced more sons irrespective of the position of the offspring in the egg-laying sequence. Fledging mass was not correlated with female age, so the Trivers and Willard (1973) hypothesis is unlikely to explain our results. Sons dispersed less than daughters, so the local resource competition hypothesis of Clark (1978) might apply. The adaptive significance of a male-biased sex ratio in clutches produced by older females is speculative because the costs and benefits of dispersing versus philopatric offspring to parents and offspring are largely unknown.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Bukor ◽  
Gábor Seress ◽  
Ivett Pipoly ◽  
Krisztina Sándor ◽  
Csenge Sinkovics ◽  
...  

Abstract Urban areas differ from natural habitats in several environmental features that influence the characteristics of animals living there. For example, birds often start breeding seasonally earlier and fledge fewer offspring per brood in cities than in natural habitats. However, longer breeding seasons in cities may increase the frequency of double-brooding in urban compared to non-urban populations, thus potentially increasing urban birds’ annual reproductive output and resulting in lower habitat difference in reproductive success than estimated by studies focusing on first clutches only. In this study, we investigated two urban and two forests great tit Parus major populations from 2013 to 2019. We compared the probability of double-brooding and the total number of annually fledged chicks per female between urban and forest habitats, while controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables. There was a trend for a higher probability of double-brooding in urban (44% of females) than in forest populations (36%), although this was not consistent between the two urban sites. Females produced significantly fewer fledglings annually in the cities than in the forest sites, and this difference was present both within single- and double-brooded females. Furthermore, double-brooded urban females produced a similar number of fledglings per season as single-brooded forest females. These results indicate that double-brooding increases the reproductive success of female great tits in both habitats, but urban females cannot effectively compensate in this way for their lower reproductive output per brood. However, other mechanisms, like increased post-fledging survival can mitigate habitat differences in reproductive success.


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2870-2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Eeva ◽  
Saila Sillanpää ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-ping FENG ◽  
Yan-zhang GONG ◽  
Nabeel Ahmed Affara ◽  
Xiu-li PENG ◽  
Jin-feng YUAN ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt-Erik Sæther ◽  
Erling J. Solberg ◽  
Morten Heim ◽  
John E. Stacy ◽  
Kjetill S. Jakobsen ◽  
...  

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