scholarly journals A novel culture-independent method to search unknown dominant bacterial groups and its application to microbial analysis of membrane bioreactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuji Watanabe ◽  
Naoto Horinishi
Keyword(s):  
Independent Method ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agrobacterium Vitis ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Uncultured Bacterium ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Bacterial Groups

ABSTRACTAs we could not get numerical information for unknown unculturable microorganisms through conventional culture-independent analysis methods such as next-generation sequencing, or real time PCR, we developed an original culture-independent method, and searched the numerically dominant bacteria in three industrial membrane bioreactors for livestock farms.Although Actinobacteria was the numerically dominant phylum (9.3×105MPN/mL) on 6/August/2014 in the MBR of A farm, when a bacteria with the same genotype to Arthrobacter sp. (AF197047; 4.3×105MPN/mL), and those similar to Burkholderia sp. (AB299593; 4.3×105MPN/mL) were the numerically dominant, after about 13 months (24/October/2015) a number of the Arthrobacter genotype increased to 930×105 MPN (230 times) and become dominant, and those similar to the Microbacterium sp. (AM403628) increased to 92×105MPN, while that of the Burkholderia genotype disappeared. In the other MBR of B farm, bacteria having a similar genotype to Enshifer sp. (AB195268, CP000738), or Shinorhizobium sp. (AF227755, AB195268), or Mesorhizobium sp. (BA000012, Mso.tians29), or Agrobacterium vitis (D12795) was dominant on 18/August/2015 (24×105 MPN) and 30/August/2015 (15.5×105 MPN). In the other MBR of C farm (9/October/2015), bacteria having a similar genotype to uncultured Betaproteobacteria (AY921864) was dominant (430×105MPN), followed by uncultured bacterium (74×105MPN ; AM268745), and Mycobacteriaceae (AB298730), or Propionibacteriaceae (AB298731) (7.4 ×105MPN). There was no common bacterial groups among tested three MBRs. Present results indicated that different kinds of homogeneous bacteria were numerically dominant in the three tested membrane bioreactors, where their numbers and ratios were varied with the duration of the driving periods.IMPORTANCEAlthough the conventional molecular-based culture independent methods have been used in place of traditional culture-based methods for microbiological research and expanded information of unculturable low-abundance bacterial groups, not all of them were always highly active in the environment and it was difficult to search for microorganisms among them which were highly active and play an important role in the environment. As numerical data of each bacteria might become an important index to know their activity in environment, we had created a novel culture-independent enumeration method for numerically dominant unidentified bacteria. Through the method, we found that different kinds of homogeneous bacteria were numerically dominant in the three tested membrane bioreactors, whose numbers were high enough to affect the performance of the reactor as a single strain. The method was found useful to specify and trace unknown numerically dominant bacterial groups in a culture independent manner.

Diversity and composition of the North Sikkim hot spring mycobiome using a culture-independent method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayak Das ◽  
Goshaidas Roy ◽  
Ishfaq Nabi Najar ◽  
Mingma Thundu Sherpa ◽  
Nagendra Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Culture Independent

Comparison of culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques in the detection of lactic acid bacteria biodiversity and dynamics throughout the ripening process: The case of Turkish artisanal Tulum cheese produced in the Anamur region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Talha Demirci ◽  
Aysun Oraç ◽  
Kübra Aktaş ◽  
Enes Dertli ◽  
Ismail Akyol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Tulum Cheese ◽  
V3 Region ◽  
Culture Dependent ◽  
Bacterial 16S Rrna Gene

Abstract Our objective was to analyze the diversity of the microbiota over 180 d of ripening of eight batches of artisanal goatskin Tulum cheeses by culture-dependent and culture-independent (PCR-DGGE) methods. V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with the PCR after direct DNA isolation from the cheese samples. Nine different species and five genera were determined by culturing, while 11 species were identified in the PCR-DGGE technique. This diversity revealed the uniqueness of artisanal cheese varieties. The dominant genera in all the cheese samples were composed of Enterococcus species. The culture-dependent method revealed five genera (Enterococcus,Bacillus,Lactococcus,Lactobacillus, Sphingomonas) while three genera (Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus) were detected in the culture-independent method. It was concluded that combining the two methods is important for characterizing the whole microbiota of the Tulum cheese varieties produced in the Anamur region.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of the characteristics ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaestrains isolated in Victoria from 1962 to 1971

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424
Author(s):  
L. F. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Highly Active

SUMMARYA study of the incidence of diphtheria in the State of Victoria, Australia, was carried out. Numerical analysis of the characteristics of 264 strains ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaeisolated between 1962 and 1971 placed them into 18 varieties plus six strains which were unique in their combination of reactions to the characteristics examined. During the 10-year period, some varieties appeared inter mittently and were recognized by certain defining characteristics but exhibited a gradual change in their antigenic structure. In contrast, when the outbreaks were examined over shorter periods of time, a number of varieties and single strains were found which differed greatly from each other yet possessed the same major serotype antigen. These findings are discussed in terms of a 'one-parent' concept in which the varieties and single strains represent phases of a common ancestor.By inspection and analysis of the characteristics of the strains, certain associations were apparent. For instance, a correlation was found between the antigenic structure of the organism and the colonial appearance on tellurite blood agar. Similarly, correlation was observed between bacteriophage type, diphthericin type and biochemical activity in that a strain which was highly active in one of the properties was also very active in the other two.

Highly active and spherical natured mesoporous aluminosilicate nanoparticles materialized for t-butylation of phenol

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (65) ◽  
pp. 60983-60995 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mesoporous Catalysts ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Mesoporous Aluminosilicate

A green and recyclable AlSMSN material synthesised with enhanced hydrothermal stability has a rich tetrahedral Al ion coordination and reveals an unprecedented catalytic activity in t-butylation of phenol, among the other mesoporous catalysts.

The assessment of epiphytic yeast diversity in sugarcane phyllosphere in Thailand by culture-independent method

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 1145-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujikan Nasanit ◽  
Apirat Tangwong-o-thai ◽  
Manee Tantirungkij ◽  
Savitree Limtong
Keyword(s):  
Independent Method ◽  
Yeast Diversity ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Epiphytic Yeast

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Associated with Fish and Water from Congonhas River, Sertaneja, Paraná, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Américo de Sousa ◽  
Ângela Teresa Silva-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Fish Bacteria

A bacteriological study was conducted on fish and water from Congonhas River, Sertaneja (22º58’ S; 50º58’ W), Paraná State, Brazil. From 44% of the analysed fish, bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus were isolated. The group most frequently isolated from fish was Aeromonas. In the water, the bacterial groups detected were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus and Flavobacterium, from which Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter were the most abundant. The numbers of Colony Forming Units per millilitre of water varied from 3.1x10² to 1.0 x 10³. Although a clear pattern was not detected in the susceptibilities/resistances of the isolated strains to nine antimicrobial substances, Gram negative aerobic bacteria were more resistant than the other strains. A simultaneous resistance to furazolidone, oxolinic acid and norfloxacin, particularly in the bacteria isolated from fish, as well as in the aerobic strains isolated from water was observed. The antimicrobial substances to which less resistances were found were oxytetracycline in the strains isolated from water, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol in those isolated from fish.

scholarly journals A culture-independent method for studying transfer of IncI1 plasmids from wild-type Escherichia coli in complex microbial communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehreen Anjum ◽  
Jonas Stenløkke Madsen ◽  
Carmen Espinosa-Gongora ◽  
Bimal Jana ◽  
Maria Wiese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Culture Independent

Outer Membrane Protein Composition in Disease Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae : Pathogenic and Epidemiological Implications

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-717
Author(s):  
Marilyn R. Loeb ◽  
David H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Single Strain

The outer membrane protein composition of 50 disease isolates of Haemophilus influenzae has been determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All strains, including 28 strains of serotype b , one strain each of serotypes a, c, d, e , and f , and 17 untypable strains, had an outer membrane protein composition typical of gram-negative bacteria, i.e., these membranes contained two to three dozen proteins with four to six proteins accounting for most of their protein content. Variation in the mobility of these major outer membrane proteins from strain to strain was common but not universal; the observed patterns provided useful data and new insight into the epidemiology of type b disease. The basic findings can be summarized as follows: (i) All 50 strains possessed three proteins (one minor and two major) each having identical mobilities. The other proteins, both major and minor, varied in mobility. (ii) All type b strains possessed a fourth (major) protein of identical mobility. (iii) The 28 type b strains, on the basis of the mobility of the six major outer membrane proteins, could be divided into eight subtypes. Of all the other strains examined, both typable and untypable, only the serotype a strain belonged to one of these subtypes. (iv) The untypable strains showed considerable variation in the mobilities of their major outer membrane proteins. Of these 17 strains, 13 had an additional major outer membrane protein not present in encapsulated strains. (v) The outer membrane protein composition of a single strain remained unchanged after many passages on solid media, but varied with the growth phase. (vi) The outer membrane protein composition of isolates obtained from nine patients during an epidemic of type b meningitis varied, indicating that a single strain was not responsible for the epidemic. At least five different strains were responsible for these nine cases. (vii) Identical outer membrane protein compositions were observed in the following: in a type b strain and a mutant of this strain deficient in capsule production, indicating that the level of capsule synthesis is not obviously related to outer membrane protein composition; in type b strains isolated from different anatomic sites of patients acutely ill with meningitis, indicating that the strain associated with bacteremia is the same as that isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid; in type b strains isolated from siblings who contracted meningitis at about the same time, indicating infection with the same strain; and in type b strains isolated from the initial and repeat infection of a single patient, suggesting that reinfection was due to the same strain.

A RESOURCE-INDEPENDENT METHOD TO DELIVER AUGMENTED REALITY CONTENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazani Suhaifi ◽  
Junaidi Abdullah ◽  
Ku Day Chyi
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Local Storage ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Local Machine

Marker Based Augmented Reality requires files and resources that have to be loaded from storage such as a local machine or a web server. We proposed a resource-independent method of transmitting AR content by encoding resources such as 3D model files as QR code and using the QR code itself as the marker. The AR system does not need any online and local storage. We processed the content to best fit it into the QR code. Larger contents are then split to multiple QR codes and the data is joined together by the application on the other end.

scholarly journals Online module login data as a proxy measure of student engagement: the case of myUnisa, MoyaMA, Flipgrid, and Gephi at an ODeL institution in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaka Chaka ◽  
Tlatso Nkhobo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Module ◽  
File Access ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
The University

Abstract The current study employed online module login data harvested from three tools, myUnisa, MoyaMA and Flipgrid to determine how such data served as a proxy measure of student engagement. The first tool is a legacy learning management system (LMS) utilised for online learning at the University of South Africa (UNISA), while the other two tools are a mobile messaging application and an educational video discussion platform, respectively. In this regard, the study set out to investigate the manner in which module login data of undergraduate students (n = 3475 & n = 2954) and a cohort of Mathew Goniwe students (n = 27) enrolled for a second-level module, ENG2601, as extracted from myUnisa, MoyaMA, and Flipgrid served as a proxy measure of student engagement. Collectively, these students were registered for this second-level module at UNISA at the time the study was conducted. The online login data comprised myUnisa module login file access frequencies. In addition, the online login data consisted of the frequencies of instant messages (IMs) posted on MoyaMA by both the facilitator and Mathew Goniwe students, and video clips posted on and video clip view frequencies captured by Flipgrid in respect of the afore-cited module. One finding of this study is that student engagement as measured by login file access frequencies was disproportionally skewed toward one module file relative to other module files. The other finding of this study is that the overall module file access metrics of the Mathew Goniwe group were disproportionally concentrated in a sub-cohort of highly active users (HAU).

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