scholarly journals Bacterial Community Associated with Fish and Water from Congonhas River, Sertaneja, Paraná, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Américo de Sousa ◽  
Ângela Teresa Silva-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Fish Bacteria

A bacteriological study was conducted on fish and water from Congonhas River, Sertaneja (22º58’ S; 50º58’ W), Paraná State, Brazil. From 44% of the analysed fish, bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus were isolated. The group most frequently isolated from fish was Aeromonas. In the water, the bacterial groups detected were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus and Flavobacterium, from which Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter were the most abundant. The numbers of Colony Forming Units per millilitre of water varied from 3.1x10² to 1.0 x 10³. Although a clear pattern was not detected in the susceptibilities/resistances of the isolated strains to nine antimicrobial substances, Gram negative aerobic bacteria were more resistant than the other strains. A simultaneous resistance to furazolidone, oxolinic acid and norfloxacin, particularly in the bacteria isolated from fish, as well as in the aerobic strains isolated from water was observed. The antimicrobial substances to which less resistances were found were oxytetracycline in the strains isolated from water, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol in those isolated from fish.

Modern Approaches to Antibiotic therapy in Acute Cholangitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Nychytailo ◽  
D.V. Andriuschenko ◽  
A.I. Hutsuliak ◽  
S.M. Vasilyuk ◽  
I.I. Bulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Microbial Associations

Objective — to study microflora characteristics in bacteriological study of bile, and to determinate the sensitivity of this microflora to modern antibacterial agents. Materials and methods. In 43 operated patients with acute purulent cholangitis for bacteriological examination, a bile was collected from the lumen of the common bile duct during the open surgical operation on extrahepatic bile ducts, also from the choleldosostomy drainage tube in the postoperative period and during retrograde endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations. Antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic microorganisms was determined by the disc diffusion method, anaerobic — using АТВ ANA test systems. Results and discussion. It is established that the structure of microflora, which cultivated with the test material, the main place occupied mainly aerobic bacteria Escherichia group (51 %). In cultivated microbial associations manifested dominance of gram-negative microorganisms and bacteria of the type of anaerobic metabolism. The highest level of sensitivity of aerobic microorganisms to antibiotics manifested itself with preparations of the group of cephalosporins III—IV generation, fluoroquinolones II—III generation and carbapenems — in 68 %, 62 % and 87 % of observations, respectively. Sensitivity of microorganisms to preparations of cephalosporin І generation was observed only in 19 % and II — in 20 % of cases. The assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic microflora showed virtually absolute levels to protected penicillins (piperacillin + tazobactam, ticarcillin + clavulanic acid). And the sensitivity of these microorganisms to imipenem, cefotaxime and clindamycin was 97 %, 91 % and 94 %, respectively. Conclusions. In the structure of the microflora in acute purulent cholangitis, aerobic bacteria of the intestinal group and gram-negative microflora with anaerobic type of metabolism prevailed.Aerobic microorganisms exhibited high antibiotic susceptibility to cephalosporins of the III—IV generation, fluroquinolones of the II—III generation and carbapenems, and anaerobic bacteria — protected penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Etiotropic antibiotics should be administered within 10—14 days.

Pathogenic Organisms Associated with Artificial Fingernails Worn by Healthcare Workers

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Hedderwick ◽  
Shelly A. McNeil ◽  
Michael J. Lyons ◽  
Carol A. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Over Time

Objective:To determine differences in the identity and quantity of microbial flora from healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing artificial nails compared with control HCWs with native nails.Design:Two separate studies were undertaken. In study 1, 12 HCWs who did not normally wear artificial nails wore polished artificial nails on their nondominant hand for 15 days. Identity and quantity of microflora were compared between the artificial nails and the polished native nails of the other hand. In study 2, the microbial flora of the nails of 30 HCWs who wore permanent acrylic artificial nails were compared with that of control HCWs who had native nails. In both studies, nail surfaces were swabbed and subungual debris was collected to obtain material for culture.Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, and yeasts were considered to be potential pathogens. All organisms were identified and quantified.Results:In study 1, potential pathogens were isolated from more samples obtained from artificial nails than native nails (92% vs 62%;P<.001). Colonization of artificial nails increased over time; by day 15, 71% of cultures yielded a pathogen compared with 21% on day 1 (P=.004). A significantly greater quantity of organisms (expressed as mean log10colony-forming units ± standard deviation) was isolated from the subungual area than the nail surface; this was noted for both artificial (5.0±1.4 vs 4.1 ±1.0;P<.001) and native nails (4.9±1.3 vs 3.7±0.8;P<.001). More organisms were found on the surface of artificial nails than native nails (P=.008), but there were no differences noted in the quantities of organisms isolated from the subungual areas. In study 2, HCWs wearing artificial nails were more likely to have a pathogen isolated than controls (87% vs 43%;P=.001). More HCWs with artificial nails had gram-negative bacilli (47% vs 17%;P=.03) and yeasts (50% vs 13%;P=.006) than control HCWs. However, the quantities of organisms isolated from HCWs wearing artificial nails and controls did not differ.Conclusions:Artificial fingernails were more likely to harbor pathogens, especially gram-negative bacilli and yeasts, than native nails. The longer artificial nails were worn, the more likely that a pathogen was isolated. Current recommendations restricting artificial fingernails in certain healthcare settings appear justified.

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

Antimicrobial Activity of Iron-Halide Complexes Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Abedin ◽  
Abdullah Hamed A Alshehri ◽  
Ali M A Almughrbi ◽  
Olivia Moore ◽  
Sheikh Alyza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the more serious threats to the global health. The emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial substances decreases the potencies of current antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent and growing need for the developing of new classes of antibiotics. Three prepared novel iron complexes have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 3.5 to 10 mM and 3.5 to 40 mM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance phenotype, respectively. Time-kill studies and quantification of the extracellular DNA confirmed the bacteriolytic mode of action of the iron-halide compounds. Additionally, the novel complexes showed significant antibiofilm activity against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains at concentrations lower than the MBC. The cytotoxic effect of the complexes on different mammalian cell lines show sub-cytotoxic values at concentrations lower than the minimum bactericidal concentrations.

Density and morphological characterization of bacteria in integrated and exclusive production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. R. B. Zanco ◽  
A. Ferreira ◽  
G. C. M. Berber ◽  
E. N. Gonzaga ◽  
D. C. C. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Exclusive Production ◽  
Colony Forming Units

The different integrated production systems can directly interfere with its bacterial community. The present study aimed to assess density, bacterial diversity and the influence of dry and rainy season in different integrated and an exclusive production system. The fallow and a native forest area was assessed to. Samples were collected in 2012 March and September. The isolation were carried out into Petri dishes containing DYGS medium. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was counted after 48 hours and. The bacterial density ranged between 106 and 107 CFU g-1 soil. The crop system affected the dynamics of the bacterial community only in the rainy season. The rainy season showed greater density of total bacteria when compared to the dry period regardless of the cropping system. The dendrograms with 80 % similarity showed thirteen and fourteen groups in the rainy and dry seasons. Isolates with the capacity to solubilize phosphate in vitro were obtained from all areas in the two seasons, but this feature has been prevalent in bacteria isolated during the rainy season

scholarly journals Fetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. III. Defect in differentiation from BFU-E to CFU-E during early development

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Chui ◽  
SK Liao ◽  
K Walker
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Fetal Erythropoiesis

Abstract Erythroid progenitor cells in +/+ and Sl/Sld fetal livers manifested as burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-E) were assayed in vitro during early development. The proportion of BFU-E was higher as mutant than in normal fetal livers. On the other hand, the proportion of CFU-E was less in the mutant than in the normal. These results suggest that the defect in Sl/Sld fetal hepatic erythropoiesis is expressed at the steps of differentiation that effect the transition from BFU-E to CFU-E.

UV Irradiation of Shell Eggs: Effect on Populations of Aerobes, Molds, and Inoculated Salmonella typhimurium

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUENG-LIN KUO ◽  
JOHN B. CAREY ◽  
STEVEN C. RICKE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Shell Eggs

The effects were investigated of 254-nm UV radiation on populations of Salmonella typhimurium, aerobes, and molds on the shells of eggs. In the first experiment, the CFU of attached S. typhimurium cells on unwashed clean shell eggs were determined after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 min of UV treatment (620 μW/cm2) on both ends of the egg. All UV treatments significantly reduced S. typhimurium CFU (P &lt; .01). UVtreatment (620 μW/cm2) in 1-min alternating light and dark cycles for 5 min (three light and two dark) was compared to 0, 3, and 5 min of UV treatment. No significant differences in microbial populations were observed among light and dark cycles and the other UV treatments. In a subsequent experiment, the same UV treatments were utilized to evaluate photoreactivation. After UV exposure, eggs were exposed to 1 h of fluorescent light or I h of darkness or cultured immediately. S. typhimurium CFU were significantly (P &lt; .01) reduced by the UV treatments. However, no significant differences between microbial populations exposed to UV treatment and UV radiation plus photoreactivation were detected. For studies of aerobic bacteria and molds, different UV treatment times (0, 15, and 30 min) at the intensity of 620 μW/cm2 and different intensities (620, 1350, and 1720 μW/cm2) for 15 min were evaluated. Mold CFU per egg were either 0 or 1 for all UV treatments and a 99% reduction of CFU of aerobic bacteria per egg were observed for all UV treatments. It appears from these studies that UV light can significantly reduce populations of S. typhimurium, aerobes, and molds on shell eggs.

Bacterial community analysis of purulent material from liver abscesses of crossbred cattle and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra G Amachawadi ◽  
Wesley A Tom ◽  
Michael P Hays ◽  
Samodha C Fernando ◽  
Philip R Hardwidge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Liver Abscesses

Abstract Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are polymicrobial infections. Culture-based studies have identified Fusobacterium necrophorum as the primary causative agent, but a number of other bacterial species are frequently isolated. The incidence of liver abscesses is highly variable and is affected by a number of factors, including cattle type. Holstein steers raised for beef production have a higher incidence than crossbred feedlot cattle. Tylosin is the commonly used antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses. The objective of this study was to utilize 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequence analyses to analyze the bacterial community composition of purulent material of liver abscesses of crossbred cattle (n = 24) and Holstein steers (n = 24), each fed finishing diet with or without tylosin. DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The minimum, mean, and maximum sequence reads per sample were 996, 177,070, and 877,770, respectively, across all the liver abscess samples. Sequence analyses identified 5 phyla, 14 families, 98 genera, and 102 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) in the 4 treatment groups. The dominant phyla identified were Fusobacteria (52% of total reads) and Proteobacteria (33%). Of the top 25 genera identified, 17 genera were Gram negative and 8 were Gram positive. The top 3 genera, which accounted for 75% of the total reads, in the order of abundance, were Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bacteroides. The relative abundance, expressed as percent of total reads, of phyla, family, and genera did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between the 4 treatment groups. Generic richness and evenness, determined by Shannon–Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices, respectively, did not differ between the groups. The UniFrac distance matrices data revealed no clustering of the ASV indicating variance between the samples within each treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis at the genus level indicated a strong association of Fusobacterium with 15 other genera, and not all of them have been previously isolated from liver abscesses. In conclusion, the culture-independent method identified the bacterial composition of liver abscesses as predominantly Gram negative and Fusobacterium as the dominant genus, followed by Pseudomonas. The bacterial community composition did not differ between crossbred and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin.

Species differences in effect of gram-negative endotoxin on circulation

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kuida ◽  
Robert P. Gilbert ◽  
Lerner B. Hinshaw ◽  
Joel G. Brunson ◽  
Maurice B. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Dramatic Fall ◽  
Made In

Studies were made in 5 monkeys, 7 rabbits, and 33 cats of the effect of gram-negative endotoxin on aortic, pulmonary artery (PAP), and portal venous (PVP) pressures; and on changes in weight of a short segment of intestine. Studies of blood pooling were also made in 12 cats. The responses in these species were compared with those previously observed in the dog. Although variable degrees of hypotension developed at one time or another in all animals following injection of endotoxin, the early precipitous hypotension that characteristically occurs in the dog was observed only in the cat. However, in this species the dramatic fall in pressure could be ascribed to pulmonary vascular constriction and acute right ventricular hypertension and failure, and not to splanchnic pooling. PAP also became elevated in the monkey and the rabbit, but usually was of lesser magnitude and did not appear to explain the development of the relatively late hypotension that occurred in these species. The absence of significant increases in gut weight and the minor increments in PVP in all animals indicate that in none of these species is hepatic vein constriction and splanchnic pooling a significant mechanism in producing early shock as it is in the dog. Pathologic gross and microscopic studies in the monkey and gross examinations in the other species supported this conclusion.

scholarly journals Microbial Population Changes during Bioremediation of an Experimental Oil Spill

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3566-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. MacNaughton ◽  
John R. Stephen ◽  
Albert D. Venosa ◽  
Gregory A. Davis ◽  
Yun-Juan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dgge Analysis ◽  
16S Rdna Pcr ◽  
Microbial Community Structures ◽  
Plfa Analysis

ABSTRACT Three crude oil bioremediation techniques were applied in a randomized block field experiment simulating a coastal oil spill. Four treatments (no oil control, oil alone, oil plus nutrients, and oil plus nutrients plus an indigenous inoculum) were applied. In situ microbial community structures were monitored by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and 16S rDNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to (i) identify the bacterial community members responsible for the decontamination of the site and (ii) define an end point for the removal of the hydrocarbon substrate. The results of PLFA analysis demonstrated a community shift in all plots from primarily eukaryotic biomass to gram-negative bacterial biomass with time. PLFA profiles from the oiled plots suggested increased gram-negative biomass and adaptation to metabolic stress compared to unoiled controls. DGGE analysis of untreated control plots revealed a simple, dynamic dominant population structure throughout the experiment. This banding pattern disappeared in all oiled plots, indicating that the structure and diversity of the dominant bacterial community changed substantially. No consistent differences were detected between nutrient-amended and indigenous inoculum-treated plots, but both differed from the oil-only plots. Prominent bands were excised for sequence analysis and indicated that oil treatment encouraged the growth of gram-negative microorganisms within the α-proteobacteria andFlexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides phylum. α-Proteobacteria were never detected in unoiled controls. PLFA analysis indicated that by week 14 the microbial community structures of the oiled plots were becoming similar to those of the unoiled controls from the same time point, but DGGE analysis suggested that major differences in the bacterial communities remained.

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