scholarly journals CyTOF analysis identifies unusual immune cells in urine of BCG-treated bladder cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Castellano ◽  
Célia Samba ◽  
Gloria Esteso ◽  
Laura Simpson ◽  
Elena Vendrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Mass Cytometry ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Intravesical Instillations

AbstractHigh grade non-muscle-invasive bladder tumours are treated with transurethral resection followed by recurrent intravesical instillations of Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). Although bladder cancer patients respond well to BCG, important questions remain unanswered, including how to identify at early stages non-responder patients and patients at risk to abandon the treatment. Here, we analysed the cells released into the urine of bladder cancer patients longitudinally 3-7 days after BCG instillations. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) analyses revealed that most cells were granulocytes and monocytes rather than effector lymphocytes, and most expressed activation markers. A novel population of CD15+CD66b+CD14+ CD16+ cells was very abundant in several samples and expression of these markers was confirmed using flow cytometry and qPCR. Samples of patients with a stronger inflammatory response contained more cells in urine; however, this was not due to haematuria, as the proportions of the cell populations observed were different from blood. We provide the proof-of-concept for a new approach to analyse samples that may help classify patients and identify those at risk of BCG infection and other unwanted BCG-related events.

scholarly journals Surveillance strategies after definitive therapy of invasive bladder cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6-S4) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Cagiannos ◽  
Christopher Morash
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Patterns Of Recurrence

Following definitive therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer,patients remain at risk for local and distant recurrence. Additionally,recurrences can result from formation of new tumours elsewherein the urinary tract. We review patterns of recurrence and theprognosis associated with recurrence. Optimal surveillance strategiesare discussed.

Prognostic Implications of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Non-muscle-invasive Blad Cancer and Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Boegemann ◽  
Laura-Maria Krabbe
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Intravesical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Systemic Recurrence ◽  
Improve Risk Stratification ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is a very heterogeneous disease and divided into invasive and non-invasive disease. In non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), recurrence after transurethral resection or instillation-therapy, and progression to invasive disease are issues of concern. In muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), systemic recurrence after radical treatment is a pressing problem, as the available therapies in this setting are of limited efficacy. For both entities there are only few clinicopathological prognostic biomarkers to identify subgroups at risk to aid in decision making to whom to offer early radical cystectomy in case of NMIBC or neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy in case of MIBC to improve outcomes. Despite advances in surgery and intravesical therapy, up to 30% of NMIBC-patients suffer progression to MIBC. After cystectomy around 50% of MIBC patients suffer local or systemic recurrence and subsequently succumb to the disease. Standard features, like pathological staging and grading, are not sufficient to identify patients at risk beyond doubt. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics in combination with standard pathological features could be used to improve risk stratification of patients, guide treatment plans and ultimately improve outcomes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis can detect altered regulatory pathway-products. Until now a plethora of prognostic IHC-biomarkers has been reported on in UCB, but only few have been validated and no biomarker is in routine use or recommended by guidelines. In this review we discuss the prognostic potential of the most promising IHC-biomarkers in NMIBC and MIBC with a focus on prognostication of recurrence and stage progression in NMIBC as well as recurrence-free, cancer-specific and overall survival in MIBC.

scholarly journals High Apelin Level Indicates a Poor Prognostic Factor in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Yang ◽  
Yan-Lei Li ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Zheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
High Tumor Stage ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Purpose. To compare the expression level of apelin in muscle-invasive bladder cancer and matched paracarcinoma tissues and investigate the relationship between apelin and clinical prognosis in the patients. Methods. To assess apelin expression by using immunohistochemical method compared with bladder tumors and matched paracarcinoma tissues. Subsequently, the correlation of apelin expression with the clinicopathological features of bladder cancer patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves method was used to analyze apelin prognostic significance for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (including 404 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients and 28 normal bladder tissues, in TCGA dataset). Results. Apelin protein level was overexpressed in bladder tumor tissues compared with paracarcinoma tissues. Furthermore, high apelin expression was associated with high tumor stage (P<0.05), distant metastasis (P<0.05), and vascular invasion (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve analyses showed that the overexpression of apelin was a potential predictor of overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusion. Apelin was upregulated in bladder tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent noncancer tissues, especially in the high tumor stage, distant metastasis, and vascular invasion. What is more, high expression of apelin in muscle-invasive bladder cancer indicates the poor prognosis. These data suggested that apelin might be a therapeutic potential biomarker in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of cough in head and neck cancer patients at risk for dysphagia—An overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiana Mootassim‐Billah ◽  
Gwen Van Nuffelen ◽  
Jean Schoentgen ◽  
Marc De Bodt ◽  
Tatiana Dragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Patients At Risk

scholarly journals A qualitative evaluation of a nurse-led pre-operative stoma education program for bladder cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Marie Wulff-Burchfield ◽  
Maryellen Potts ◽  
Katherine Glavin ◽  
Moben Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Patient Advocate ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Abstract Introduction Radical cystectomy remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Postoperative ostomy education is common, but patients struggle to maintain self-management practices. A preoperative ostomy education program was developed to meet this need, and we conducted a qualitative study with participating patient-caregiver dyads to evaluate the educational and psychosocial impacts of the program and examine alignment with program objectives. Materials and methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Sixteen patients, eighteen caregivers, and three program educators completed semi-structured interviews from 3 to 18 months post the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thirteen end-of-course surveys from the initial educational program cohort were transcribed, coded, analyzed; this data was triangulated with patient, caregiver, and educator interviews. Results Analysis uncovered three themes: (1) Patient and caregiver motivation to attend the program, (2) attitudes toward this life-changing event, and (3) education. For theme 1, patients and caregivers cited lack of knowledge, fear, and concern about ostomy surgery and care as motivation. For theme 2, there were a variety of attitudes toward the ostomy, ranging from avoidance to acceptance, and a similar breadth of attitudes toward caregiving, with some patients and caregivers describing ongoing dependence and other patients seeking complete independence. For theme 3, the interactive curriculum was determined to be effective, and the patient advocate was cited as the most memorable program component. Conclusions A formal preoperative ostomy education program employing an interactive educational approach and featuring a patient advocate can prepare bladder cancer patients and caregivers for ostomy self-management and post-ostomy life.

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