Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by biolayer interferometry

Serological testing to evaluate antigen-specific antibodies in plasma is generally performed by rapid lateral flow test strips that lack quantitative results or by high complexity immunoassays that are time- and labor-intensive but provide quantitative results. Here, we describe a novel application of biolayer interferometry for the rapid detection of antigen-specific antibody levels in plasma samples, and demonstrate its utility for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Our biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay (BLI-ISA) utilizes single-use biosensors in an automated "dip-and-read" format, providing real-time optical measurements of antigen loading, plasma antibody binding, and antibody isotype detection. Complete quantitative results are obtained in less than 20 minutes. BLI-ISA meets or exceeds the performance of high complexity methods such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. Importantly, our method can be immediately implemented on existing BLI platforms for urgent COVID-19 studies, such as serosurveillance and the evaluation of vaccine candidates. In a broader sense, BLI-ISA can be developed as a novel diagnostic platform to evaluate antibodies and other biomolecules in clinical specimens.

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Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by biolayer interferometry

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78895-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John V. Dzimianski ◽

Nicholas Lorig-Roach ◽

Sara M. O’Rourke ◽

David L. Alexander ◽

Jacqueline M. Kimmey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Optical Measurements ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

High Complexity ◽

Antibody Isotype ◽

Biolayer Interferometry ◽

Plasma Antibody ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Lateral Flow Test ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractSerological testing to evaluate antigen-specific antibodies in plasma is generally performed by rapid lateral flow test strips that lack quantitative results or by high complexity immunoassays that are time- and labor-intensive but provide semi-quantitative results. Here, we describe a novel application of biolayer interferometry for the rapid detection of antigen-specific antibody levels in plasma samples, and demonstrate its utility for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Our biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay (BLI-ISA) utilizes single-use biosensors in an automated “dip-and-read” format, providing real-time optical measurements of antigen loading, plasma antibody binding, and antibody isotype detection. Complete semi-quantitative results are obtained in less than 20 min. BLI-ISA meets or exceeds the performance of high complexity methods such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. Importantly, our method can be immediately implemented on existing BLI platforms for urgent COVID-19 studies, such as serosurveillance and the evaluation of vaccine candidates. In a broader sense, BLI-ISA can be developed as a novel diagnostic platform to evaluate antibodies and other biomolecules in clinical specimens.

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Immunizations and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody isotype determination

Protocol Exchange ◽

10.1038/nprot.2007.4100 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Wirtz ◽

Clemens Neufert ◽

Benno Weigmann ◽

Markus F Neurath

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Antibody Isotype

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Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of rotavirus antibodies with complement fixation in an epidemiological survey

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.8.3.268-276.1978 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 268-276

Author(s):

L H Ghose ◽

R D Schnagl ◽

I H Holmes

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Enzyme Reaction ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Marker Enzyme ◽

Aminosalicylic Acid ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels

The development of a micro-scale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme for the detection and measurement of human rotavirus antibodies is described. A semipurified preparation of the serologically related simian agent, SA-11 virus, was used as the antigen. Test sera were reacted with antigen-sensitized wells in disposable poly-vinyl microplates. Any attached antibody was detected by the addition of peroxidase-labeled anti-species immunoglobulin (conjugate) followed by assay of the enzyme reaction with its substrate, hydrogen peroxide plus 5-aminosalicylic acid. This micro-ELISA was compared with complement fixation in a seroepidemiological study of the age prevalence of rotavirus antibody in Aboriginal and European populations living in the same outback area in Australia. The ELISA (results read with the naked eye) proved to be approximately 16 times more sensitive than complement fixation. Of Aborigines, 71% had rotavirus complement-fixing antibody, as compared to 45% of Europeans. By ELISA 100% of both populations had rotavirus antibodies. Mean antibody titers in the different age groups were higher in Aborigines than in Europeans. Antibody levels rose steeply throughout the first 20 years of life, remained high during the next 20 years, then increased again at least up to the age of 60 years. The micro-ELISA was practical, simple to perform, and more suitable than complement fixation for large seroepidemiological rotavirus studies. It also has potential for serodiagnosis of the disease, both in the laboratory and in the field.

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Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800054352 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 405-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. C. H Lau

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Antibody Level ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Immunization Strategy ◽

The Mean ◽

Antibody Levels

SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to measure IgG antibody levels in 2638 New Zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine DTP. The percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. The percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. The percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. The mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more DTP components were 34.2% (with 3 components), 34.4% (2 components), and 78.1% (1 component). It appears the immunization strategy for diphtheria and tetanus is satisfactory for herd immunity in New Zealand children. However, the current pertussis strategy may not be providing adequate immunity to 5-year-olds in this country.

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Analysis of Specific Immunoglobulin G Subclass Antibodies for Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis by a Standard Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.5.5.613-616.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 613-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Felix Grimm ◽

Friedrich E. Maly ◽

Jian Lü ◽

Roberto Llano

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Serological Diagnosis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Igg Subclass ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Specific Igg4 ◽

Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The potential roles of specific antibodies of the different immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in the serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) were investigated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on hydatid fluid as antigen. Specific antibodies of subclass 1 were found to be of major importance. In sera collected at the time of diagnosis (i.e., before any therapeutic intervention was initiated) they could be demonstrated in 14 of 15 sera from patients with CE and in all 12 sera from patients with AE. The most discriminatory and the most specific antibodies found in this study belonged to IgG subclass 4. Only one false-positive reaction was observed with 253 sera from healthy volunteers, and no cross-reactions occurred in 80 sera from patients with different parasitic infections. Specific IgG4 antibodies could be demonstrated in 61.0 to 66.7% (CE) or 47.6 to 66.7% (AE) of the cases. Antibody levels of IgG subclass 2 were elevated only moderately, and subclass 3 antibodies were detected in a few cases only. In addition, nonspecific reactions in sera of healthy volunteers or patients with other parasitic infections could partially be attributed to antibodies of subclasses 2 and 3.

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