scholarly journals Variable inbreeding depression may explain associations between the mating system and herbicide resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Van Etten ◽  
Anah Soble ◽  
Regina S Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Transcriptome Level

AbstractInbreeding depression is a central parameter underlying mating system variation in nature and one that can be altered by environmental stress. Although a variety of systems show that inbreeding depression tends to increase under stressful conditions, we have very little understanding across most organisms how the level of inbreeding depression may change as a result of adaptation to stressors. In this work we examined the potential that inbreeding depression varied among lineages of Ipomoea purpurea artificially evolved to exhibit divergent levels of herbicide resistance. We examined inbreeding depression in a variety of fitness-related traits in both the growth chamber and in the field. We paired our examination of inbreeding depression in fitness-related traits with an examination of gene expression changes associated with the level of herbicide resistance, breeding history (inbred or outcrossed), and the interaction of the breeding system and the level of herbicide resistance. We found that, while inbreeding depression was present across many of the traits, lineages artificially selected for increased herbicide resistance often showed no evidence of inbreeding depression in the presence of herbicide, and in fact, showed evidence of outbreeding depression in some traits compared to non-selected control lines and lineages selected for increased herbicide susceptibility. Further, at the transcriptome level, the resistant selection lines had differing patterns of gene expression according to breeding type (inbred vs outcrossed) compared to the control and susceptible selection lines. Our data together indicate that inbreeding depression may be lessened in populations that are adapting to regimes of strong selection.

scholarly journals Development of sunflower hybrids tolerant to tribenuron methyl

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Goran Malidza ◽  
Sandra Cvejic ◽  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Vladimir Miklic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Exact Number ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Discovery of tribenuron-methyl resistant wild Helianthus annuus L. population (ANN-KAN) created an opportunity for expansion of sunflower herbicide resistance breeding program. The aim of this study was development of sunflower hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Creation of tribenuron-methyl resistant hybrids would enable the use of a wider palette of herbicides for sunflower, more efficient chemical control of Cirsium arvense and more economically profitable post-emergence control of some annual broad-leaves weeds in sunflower. Original populations SURES-1 and SURES-2 are homozygous for resistance to tribenuron-methyl. F1 generations produced from the crossings are completely resistant to tribenuron-methyl, pointing out to dominant way of inheritance of this trait. Studies on the exact number of genes controlling the resistance are in progress. Tribenuron-methyl resistance was transferred from original populations into a number of female and male inbred lines of cultivated sunflower. These inbred lines could enable creation of a number of hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Hybrids SUMO-1-PR, SUMO-2- OR and SUMO-3 are resistant to doubled application dose of tribenuron-methyl. Agronomical characteristics of these hybrids are on the level with the leading conventional sunflower hybrids.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Unveils the Effects of Proline on Gene Expression in the Yeast Komagataella phaffii

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Andrey Rumyantsev ◽  
Anton Sidorin ◽  
Artemii Volkov ◽  
Ousama Al Shanaa ◽  
Elena Sambuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Komagataella Phaffii ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Level

Komagataella phaffii yeast is one of the most important biocompounds producing microorganisms in modern biotechnology. Optimization of media recipes and cultivation strategies is key to successful synthesis of recombinant proteins. The complex effects of proline on gene expression in the yeast K. phaffii was analyzed on the transcriptome level in this work. Our analysis revealed drastic changes in gene expression when K. phaffii was grown in proline-containing media in comparison to ammonium sulphate-containing media. Around 18.9% of all protein-encoding genes were differentially expressed in the experimental conditions. Proline is catabolized by K. phaffii even in the presence of other nitrogen, carbon and energy sources. This results in the repression of genes involved in the utilization of other element sources, namely methanol. We also found that the repression of AOX1 gene promoter with proline can be partially reversed by the deletion of the KpPUT4.2 gene.

scholarly journals The environmental stress response causes ribosome loss in aneuploid yeast cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17031-17040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allegra Terhorst ◽  
Arzu Sandikci ◽  
Abigail Keller ◽  
Charles A. Whittaker ◽  
Maitreya J. Dunham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Environmental Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Stresses

Aneuploidy, a condition characterized by whole chromosome gains and losses, is often associated with significant cellular stress and decreased fitness. However, how cells respond to the aneuploid state has remained controversial. In aneuploid budding yeast, two opposing gene-expression patterns have been reported: the “environmental stress response” (ESR) and the “common aneuploidy gene-expression” (CAGE) signature, in which many ESR genes are oppositely regulated. Here, we investigate this controversy. We show that the CAGE signature is not an aneuploidy-specific gene-expression signature but the result of normalizing the gene-expression profile of actively proliferating aneuploid cells to that of euploid cells grown into stationary phase. Because growth into stationary phase is among the strongest inducers of the ESR, the ESR in aneuploid cells was masked when stationary phase euploid cells were used for normalization in transcriptomic studies. When exponentially growing euploid cells are used in gene-expression comparisons with aneuploid cells, the CAGE signature is no longer evident in aneuploid cells. Instead, aneuploid cells exhibit the ESR. We further show that the ESR causes selective ribosome loss in aneuploid cells, providing an explanation for the decreased cellular density of aneuploid cells. We conclude that aneuploid budding yeast cells mount the ESR, rather than the CAGE signature, in response to aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses, resulting in selective ribosome loss. We propose that the ESR serves two purposes in aneuploid cells: protecting cells from aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses and preventing excessive cellular enlargement during slowed cell cycles by down-regulating translation capacity.

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