scholarly journals Quantifying transmissibility of COVID-19 and impact of intervention within long-term health care facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Stockdale ◽  
Sean C. Anderson ◽  
Andrew M. Edwards ◽  
Sarafa A. Iyaniwura ◽  
Nicola Mulberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Care Facilities

AbstractEstimates of the basic reproduction number (R0) for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are particularly variable in the context of transmission within locations such as long-term health care (LTHC) facilities. We sought to characterise the heterogeneity of R0 across known outbreaks within these facilities. We used a unique comprehensive dataset of all outbreaks that have occurred within LTHC facilities in British Columbia, Canada. We estimated R0 with a Bayesian hierarchical dynamic model of susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered individuals, that incorporates heterogeneity of R0 between facilities. We further compared these estimates to those obtained with standard methods that utilize the exponential growth rate and maximum likelihood. The total size of an outbreak varied dramatically, with a range of attack rates of 2%–86%. The Bayesian analysis provides more constrained overall estimates of R0 = 2.19 (90% CrI [credible interval] 0.19–6.69) than standard methods, with a range within facilities of 0.48–10.08. We further estimated that intervention led to 57% (47%–66%) of all cases being averted within the LTHC facilities, or 73% (63%–78%) when using a model with multi-level intervention effect. Understanding the risks and impact of intervention are essential in planning during the ongoing global pandemic, particularly in high-risk environments such as LTHC facilities.

scholarly journals Quantifying transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and impact of intervention within long-term healthcare facilities

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Stockdale ◽  
Sean C. Anderson ◽  
Andrew M. Edwards ◽  
Sarafa A. Iyaniwura ◽  
Nicola Mulberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Level Model

Estimates of the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) for COVID-19 are particularly variable in the context of transmission within locations such as long-term healthcare (LTHC) facilities. We sought to characterize the heterogeneity of R 0 across known outbreaks within these facilities. We used a unique comprehensive dataset of all outbreaks that occurred within LTHC facilities in British Columbia, Canada as of 21 September 2020. We estimated R 0 in 18 LTHC outbreaks with a novel Bayesian hierarchical dynamic model of susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered individuals, incorporating heterogeneity of R 0 between facilities. We further compared these estimates to those obtained with standard methods that use the exponential growth rate and maximum likelihood. The total size of outbreaks varied dramatically, with range of attack rates 2%–86%. The Bayesian analysis provided an overall estimate of R 0 = 2.51 (90% credible interval 0.47–9.0), with individual facility estimates ranging between 0.56 and 9.17. Uncertainty in these estimates was more constrained than standard methods, particularly for smaller outbreaks informed by the population-level model. We further estimated that intervention led to 61% (52%–69%) of all potential cases being averted within the LTHC facilities, or 75% (68%–79%) when using a model with multi-level intervention effect. Understanding of transmission risks and impact of intervention are essential in planning during the ongoing global pandemic, particularly in high-risk environments such as LTHC facilities.

Siting efficiency of long-term health care facilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
HomeéF.E. Shroff ◽  
Th.R. Gulledge ◽  
Kingsley E. Haynes ◽  
Molly K. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals CINOLOGY IN A GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Dainius Statkevičius
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Education ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Education School ◽  
Integrated Project

Dogs for 15,000 years have been an integral part of all humanity in our life and culture. In recent times, canitherapy has gained in popularity as a therapeutic approach based on the positive effects of human-dog interaction on the physical, psychological and social aspects of humans. This method is often used in institutions for child care and education (kindergartens, schools, care homes), health care facilities, retirement homes and other special facilities for children and adults with various mental disorders. In order to introduce pupils to the basics of cynology, to promote canitherapy, charity and social activities, various activities are organized at Kaunas Vyturys Gymnasium in order to involve as many pupils as possible. This activity is also being integrated into the long-term project “Sustainable School”. It is also sought and emphasized that a person must go to a kennel if he wants to have a certain breed of dog, but if he wants to have dog (does not matter breed), he must go to a shelter. This way is to combat breeding of undocumented breeding dogs. The gymnasium organizes educational classes with dogs for primary school learners, social campaigns "Support the homeless", integrated project "Use waste and help the homeless", quizzes "Do you know dogs and their breeds". Also it is planned to prepare an elective subject for students of grades 11-12 “Basics of Cynology”. Keywords: cynology, canitherapy, social activity, education with dogs.

Hybrid metaheuristic method for determining locations for long-term health care facilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marić ◽  
Zorica Stanimirović ◽  
Srdjan Božović
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Hybrid Metaheuristic ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Blastocystis hominisStrains Isolated from Two Long-Term Health Care Facilities

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1324-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Yoshikawa ◽  
Niichiro Abe ◽  
Mizue Iwasawa ◽  
Syoko Kitano ◽  
Isao Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Care Facilities

The genotype Blastocystis hominis is highly polymorphic. Therefore, a genetic marker would be a powerful tool for the identification or classification of B. hominis subtypes and could be used as a means to resolve the transmission route or origin of the parasite. To this end, 32 B. hominis isolates were collected from patients and/or staff members of two long-term health care facilities (facilities A and B), and these organisms were subjected to genotype analysis based on diagnostic PCR primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of small subunit rRNA gene (rDNA). Based on PCR amplification using diagnostic primers which were developed from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of known strains of B. hominis, the 32 isolates of B. hominis were classified into three different subtypes. Thirty isolates, including twenty-four that were isolated from patients and a staff member, from facility A and all isolates isolated from six patients from facility B showed the same genotype. Two of six patients of facility B had been transferred from facility A, and these two patients also had the same-genotype B. hominis that corresponded to 24 isolates from facility A. This genotype strain may have been transmitted by these two patients from facility A to facility B, suggesting human-to-human transmission. In contrast, 2 of 26 isolates from facility A showed distinct genotypes, suggesting that the colonization by these two isolates is attributable to another infectious route. These different subtypes were subjected to RFLP analysis, and the RFLP profiles were correlated with the results obtained by diagnostic PCR primers. This study presents the first molecular evidence of possible human-to-human B. hominisinfection between and/or among two small communities.

scholarly journals Medical and Health Care Professionals’ Sexuality Education: State of the Art and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Verrastro ◽  
Valeria Saladino ◽  
Filippo Petruccelli ◽  
Stefano Eleuteri
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Course Load ◽  
Training Courses

Sexuality is considered an important aspect of holistic care, but research has shown that it is often not considered, as it should be, in health services. Addressing clients’ sexuality requires a multidisciplinary approach and is not the responsibility of a single professional. The literature underlines that university students or those working in hospitals and other health care facilities are not adequately prepared to meet patients’ needs regarding sexuality. The objective of this study was, therefore, to review the scientific literature addressing training courses for health professionals in sexuality between 2000 and 2020. Several studies have shown enhancement in health care professionals’ ability to deal with patients’ sexuality issues after participating in sexuality education programs, regardless of the course load and modality, even if the long-term effects have still to be proved. Health care professionals therefore require education in the area of sexuality, regardless of their discipline. According to the articles reviewed, in order to improve the performance and comfort level of health care professionals to deal with patients’ sexuality, investments in training are necessary. Further evaluations of interdisciplinary sexuality education programmes should use larger samples and explore the differences across disciplines.

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