scholarly journals Revealing the Physiological Origin of Event-Related Potentials using Electrocorticography in Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hohyun Cho ◽  
Gerwin Schalk ◽  
Markus Adamek ◽  
Ladan Moheimanian ◽  
William G. Coon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Phase Reset ◽  
Phase Resetting ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractThe scientific and clinical value of event-related potentials (ERPs) depends on understanding the contributions to them of three possible mechanisms: (1) additivity of time-locked voltage changes; (2) phase resetting of ongoing oscillations; (3) asymmetrical oscillatory activity. Their relative contributions are currently uncertain. This study uses analysis of human electrocorticographic activity to quantify the origins of movement-related potentials (MRPs) and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). The results show that MRPs are generated primarily by endogenous additivity (88%). In contrast, P1 and N1 components of AEPs are generated almost entirely by exogenous phase reset (93%). Oscillatory asymmetry contributes very little. By clarifying ERP mechanisms, these results enable creation of ERP models; and they enhance the value of ERPs for understanding the genesis of normal and abnormal auditory or sensorimotor behaviors.

Evoked Potentials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. Nuwer
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Potentials

Visual evoked potentials, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, and somatosensory evoked potentials are established clinical tests that are useful for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Motor evoked potentials, cognitive event-related potentials, and vestibular evoked potentials also are used clinically to test additional pathways and functions. These objective, reproducible tools can identify clinically silent lesions, predict clinical deterioration risk, and localize levels of impairment. They differ from magnetic resonance imaging in that they assess function rather than anatomy and thereby fill a complementary role in clinical care. They also are useful in therapeutic trials because they can predict outcomes in parallel with, or earlier than, clinical examinations.

Auditory evoked potentials in young patients with Down syndrome. Event-related potentials (P3) and histaminergic system

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Seidl ◽  
Erwin Hauser ◽  
Günther Bernert ◽  
Manfred Marx ◽  
Michael Freilinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Histaminergic System ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Neural Bases of Cognitive ERPs: More than Phase Reset

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Fell ◽  
Thomas Dietl ◽  
Thomas Grunwald ◽  
Martin Kurthen ◽  
Peter Klaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Phase Reset ◽  
Phase Resetting ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Neural Assemblies ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Related Potentials

Up to now, two conflicting theories have tried to explain the genesis of averaged event-related potentials (ERPs): Whereas one hypothesis claims that ERPs originate from an event-related activation of neural assemblies distinct from background dynamics, the other hypothesis states that ERPs are produced by phase resetting of ongoing oscillatory activity. So far, this question has only been addressed for early ERP components. Late ERP components, however, are generally thought to represent superimposed activities of several anatomically distinct brain areas. Thus, the question of which mechanism underlies the genesis of late ERP components cannot be easily answered based on scalp recordings. In contrast, two well-investigated late ERP components recorded invasively from within the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) in epilepsy patients, the so-called MTL-P300 and the anterior MTL-N400 (AMTL-N400), are based on single source activity. Hence, we investigated whether the MTL-P300 and the AMTL-N400 are based on an event-related activity increase, a phase reset of ongoing oscillatory activity or both. ERPs were recorded from the hippocampus and rhinal cortex in subjects performing a visual oddball paradigm and a visual word recognition paradigm. With wavelet techniques, stimulus-related phase-locking and power changes were analyzed in a frequency range covering 2 to 48 Hz. We found that the MTLP300 is accompanied by both phase reset and power increase and that both effects overlap partly in time. In contrast, the AMTL-N400 is initially associated with phase locking without power increase and only later during the course of the AMTL-N400 we observed an additional power increase. In conclusion, both aspects, event-related activation of neural assemblies and phase resetting of ongoing activity seem to be involved in the generation of late ERP components as recorded in cognitive tasks. Therefore, separate analysis of event-related power and phase-locking changes might reveal specific insights into the mechanisms underlying different cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Myotonic Dystrophy: An Electrophysiological Study of Cognitive Deficits

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Ragazzoni ◽  
Francesco Pinto ◽  
Rosanna Taiuti ◽  
Maria Caterina Silveri
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Cns Dysfunction

ABSTRACT:Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy (MyD) frequently suffer from a dysfunction of the primary sensory pathways, as documented by abnormalities of short-latency evoked potentials. Impairment of intellectual functions has been less extensively investigated. Short-latency brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) as well as long-latency auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 5 female and 6 male patients affected by MyD. A simple discrimination (“oddball”) paradigm was used to record ERPs to tones from Fz, Cz, Pz. Both BAEPs and ERPs were significantly altered as compared to normals. BAEP abnormalities were detected in 9 patients and ERP components N2 and P3 were delayed or absent for all patients, who nonetheless correctly discriminated between tones. These data indicate that CNS dysfunction in MyD involves not only primary sensory systems but also neural mechanisms underlying cognitive events and ERP generation.

The Auditory Afferent Pathway as a Clinical Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kaneez Fatima Shad ◽  
Wissam Soubra ◽  
Dennis John Cordato
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Inferior Colliculi

Brain stem neural tracts and nuclei may be disturbed prior to observable neuronal atrophy in AD. In this perspective, we discuss the notion of functional deficits presenting prior to structural abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Imaging of inferior colliculi using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) shows significant decrease in the neuronal markers, N acetyl aspartate/creatine ratio and increase in the glial marker myo-Inositol, in subjects with Mini-Mental State Examination scores greater than 24 and with no signs of atrophy in their MRI of the medial temporal lobe. Abnormalities in components of the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) are described in cognitive impairment including AD. We observed a significant decrease in amplitude and increase in latency during the first 10 ms of auditory evoked potentials measured on electroencephalography (EEG) indicating slow auditory response of the brainstem. EEG spectral power recorded at the cortex is also associated with neural activity at the level of the inferior colliculi. We postulate that a functional examination of auditory afferent pathways, using non-invasive techniques, such as MRS, brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and ERPs may improve diagnostic accuracy of AD. Functional changes precede structural changes and it is important to further understand the relationship between biochemical and electrophysiological measures such as MRS, BAEPs and EEG.

scholarly journals Potenciais evocados auditivos corticais no transtorno do espectro do autismo: revisão sistemática

CoDAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Keiko Kamita ◽  
Liliane Aparecida Fagundes Silva ◽  
Carla Gentile Matas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Autistic Disorder ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Related Potentials

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e analisar quais são os achados característicos dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos Corticais (PEAC) em crianças e/ou adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) em comparação do desenvolvimento típico, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa Após formulação da pergunta de pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em sete bases de dados (Web of Science, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Science Direct, e Google acadêmico), com os seguintes descritores: transtorno do espectro autista (autism spectrum disorder), transtorno autístico (autistic disorder), potenciais evocados auditivos (evoked potentials, auditory), potencial evocado P300 (event related potentials, P300) e criança (child). A presente revisão foi cadastrada no Próspero, sob número 118751. Critérios de seleção Foram selecionados estudos publicados na integra, sem limitação de idioma, entre 2007 e 2019. Análise dos dados: Foram analisadas as características de latência e amplitude dos componentes P1, N1, P2, N2 e P3 presentes nos PEAC. Resultados Foram localizados 193 estudos; contudo 15 estudos contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. Embora não tenha sido possível identificar um padrão de resposta para os componentes P1, N1, P2, N2 e P3, os resultados da maioria dos estudos demonstraram que indivíduos com TEA podem apresentar diminuição de amplitude e aumento de latência do componente P3. Conclusão Indivíduos com TEA podem apresentar respostas diversas para os componentes dos PEAC, sendo que a diminuição de amplitude e aumento de latência do componente P3 foram as características mais comuns.

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