scholarly journals Variation in self-compatibility among genotypes and across ontogeny in a self-fertilizing vertebrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Gresham ◽  
Ryan L. Earley
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Mangrove Rivulus ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Lineage Variation

AbstractMixed mating strategies offer the benefits of both self-fertilizing one’s own eggs (selfing) and outcrossing, while limiting the costs of both methods. The economics of mixed mating is further determined by individual self-compatibility. In gynodioecious (hermaphrodites, females) and androdioecious (hermaphrodites, males) species, the level of self-compatibility of the hermaphrodites also acts as a selection pressure on the fitness of the other sex. Mangrove rivulus fish populations are comprised of selfing hermaphrodites and males that result from hermaphrodites changing sex. Although hermaphrodites overwhelmingly reproduce through internal selfing, they occasionally oviposit unfertilized eggs. Males can externally fertilize these eggs. Here, we reveal that fecundity and self-compatibility varies within individuals across ontogeny until about 365 days post hatch, and among individuals derived from lineages that vary in their propensity to change sex. Hermaphrodites from high sex changing lineages were significantly less fecund and self-compatible than hermaphrodites from low sex changing lineages. These differences in self-compatibility and fecundity have the potential to drive evolutionary changes on mating strategy and the fitness of males in populations of the mangrove rivulus. This study also illustrates the importance of including lineage variation when estimating the costs and benefits of mixed mating strategies.

scholarly journals The role of dyadic interactions in the mixed-mating strategies of the mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly N. Luke ◽  
David L. Bechler
Keyword(s):  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Mating Partner ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Sexual Roles ◽  
Kryptolebias Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Rivulus ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Abstract The mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus a small cyprinodont fish native to tropical and subtropical waters from Florida to Brazil, is one of two known self-fertilizing, hermaphroditic vertebrates of which K. marmoratus displays androdioecy, a complex system of reproduction in which hermaphrodites and males are present. This study describes the behavioral repertoires observed during dyadic interactions in the laboratory. Kryptolebias marmoratus exhibited 23 distinctive acts or behaviors. Acts were divided into four categories: aggressive, submissive, neutral, and reproductive. Leading and following behaviors played important roles in the behavioral repertoires of these fish. In hermaphrodite-male dyads, males exclusively initiated the reproductive process and actively pursued hermaphrodites. When hermaphrodites were paired, there was no evidence that they behaved like other simultaneous hermaphrodites that alternate sexual roles (e.g. serranids). Hermaphrodites were extremely aggressive towards one another, and the aggressor established dominance rapidly. Male-male dyads were divided into two subdivisions based on the presence or absence of the caudal ocellus on one fish. A caudal ocellus on one male appeared to signal the possibility of a potential mating partner to males lacking it. Pairings of males without an ocellus were similar to hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite dyads in that both members of the pair were aggressive towards one another. These observations may be indicative of interactions taking place in natural communities or assemblages of fish in which both males and hermaphrodites occur and provide evidence on the role of dyadic interactions in the mixed-mating strategies.

Fitness dependence preserves selection for recombination across diverse mixed mating strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 110849
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Rybnikov ◽  
Daniel B. Weissman ◽  
Sariel Hübner ◽  
Abraham B. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fitness Dependence

scholarly journals Outbreeding depression as a selective force on mixed mating in the mangrove rivulus fish,Kryptolebias marmoratus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D Gresham ◽  
Ryan L Earley
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Selective Force ◽  
Reproduction Strategy ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Kryptolebias Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Rivulus ◽  
The Cost

AbstractMixed mating, a reproduction strategy utilized by many plants and invertebrates, optimizes the cost to benefit ratio of a labile mating system. One type of mixed mating includes outcrossing with conspecifics and self-fertilizing one’s own eggs. The mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)is one of two vertebrates known to employ both self-fertilization (selfing) and outcrossing. Variation in rates of outcrossing and selfing within and among populations produces individuals with diverse levels of heterozygosity. I designed an experiment to explore the consequences of variable heterozygosity across four ecologically relevant conditions of salinity and water availability (10‰, 25‰, and 40‰ salinity, and twice daily tide changes). I report a significant increase in mortality in the high salinity (40‰) treatment. I also report significant effects on fecundity measures with increasing heterozygosity. The odds of laying eggs decreased with increasing heterozygosity across all treatments, and the number of eggs laid decreased with increasing heterozygosity in the 10‰ and 25‰ treatments. Increasing heterozygosity also was associated with a reduction liver mass and body condition in all treatments. My results highlight the fitness challenges that accompany living in mangrove forests ecosystem and provide the first evidence for outbreeding depression on reproductive and condition-related traits.

Mixed mating strategies and pollination by insects and wind in coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae)): importance in production and selection

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Melendez-Ramirez ◽  
V. Parra-Tabla ◽  
P. G. Kevan ◽  
I. Ramirez-Morillo ◽  
H. Harries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Coconut Palm ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Mating strategies dictate the importance of insect visits to native plants in urban fragments

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
E. L. Eakin-Busher ◽  
P. G. Ladd ◽  
J. B. Fontaine ◽  
R. J. Standish
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Woodland ◽  
Plant Mating Systems ◽  
Plant Mating

Plant species conservation relies on their reproductive success and likelihood of population persistence. Knowledge of plant mating systems, particularly the relationship between plants and their pollinators, is fundamental to inform conservation efforts. This knowledge could be critical for prioritising efforts in human-dominated fragmented landscapes such as the world’s biodiversity hotspots, where reproductive success can be compromised due to habitat loss, limited access to pollinators or other factors. Yet, fundamental data on plant mating systems are lacking for many Australian plants. Here we determined the mating systems of native plant species growing in native woodland fragments within Perth’s urban landscape in south-western Australia. We manipulated insect access to flowers and pollen transfer on five locally common native species, then observed floral visitors and examined reproductive success. Hemiandra pungens and Patersonia occidentalis had mixed mating systems with some ability to self-pollinate, whereas Dianella revoluta and Jacksonia sericea were reliant on insects for outcross pollination. The fruits and seeds produced by Tricoryne elatior were too low to draw conclusions about its mating system. The introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the sole visitor to the mixed mating species, whereas native bees visited D. revoluta and J. sericea (one bee species each). Overall, our data suggest that D. revoluta and J. sericea are more vulnerable to fragmentation than H. pungens and P. occidentalis. Although insects contributed significantly to the reproductive output of the two former plant species, our observations suggested low frequency and richness of insect visitors to these urban fragments. More research is required to determine the generality of our findings. A comparative study in larger native woodland fragments would help estimate the effect of fragmentation on insect pollinators and consequences for the insect-reliant plant species.

scholarly journals Demography and mating system shape the genome-wide impact of purifying selection in Arabis alpina

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Laenen ◽  
Andrew Tedder ◽  
Michael D. Nowak ◽  
Per Toräng ◽  
Jörg Wunder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Arabis Alpina ◽  
The Impact

Plant mating systems have profound effects on levels and structuring of genetic variation and can affect the impact of natural selection. Although theory predicts that intermediate outcrossing rates may allow plants to prevent accumulation of deleterious alleles, few studies have empirically tested this prediction using genomic data. Here, we study the effect of mating system on purifying selection by conducting population-genomic analyses on whole-genome resequencing data from 38 European individuals of the arctic-alpine crucifer Arabis alpina. We find that outcrossing and mixed-mating populations maintain genetic diversity at similar levels, whereas highly self-fertilizing Scandinavian A. alpina show a strong reduction in genetic diversity, most likely as a result of a postglacial colonization bottleneck. We further find evidence for accumulation of genetic load in highly self-fertilizing populations, whereas the genome-wide impact of purifying selection does not differ greatly between mixed-mating and outcrossing populations. Our results demonstrate that intermediate levels of outcrossing may allow efficient selection against harmful alleles, whereas demographic effects can be important for relaxed purifying selection in highly selfing populations. Thus, mating system and demography shape the impact of purifying selection on genomic variation in A. alpina. These results are important for an improved understanding of the evolutionary consequences of mating system variation and the maintenance of mixed-mating strategies.

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