IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT UTILIZATION IN THE LIFE CYCLE CEREMONY OF THE KAILI DA'A TRIBE IN UWEMANJE VILLAGE, KINOVARO DISTRICT, SIGI REGENCY

The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the types of plants used by the Kaili Da’a tribe in life cycle ceremonies that are still preserved for generations in Uwemanje village, Kinovaro district, Sigi district. The research population is all people who live in Uwemanje Village, Kinivaro District, which are spread over 4 hamlets. The research method uses survey research with the help of interview questionnaires. Interviews were conducted on key respondents and general respondents. Key respondents were selected by purposive sampling as much as 10% of the population, namely the people who were considered to be the most knowledgeable about the ins and outs of this ceremony, such as Sando, traditional leaders, village heads and village priests. Meanwhile, general respondents are people who are recommended by key respondents with a record that they are at least 30 years old and are married or have a family. The data and information in this study were processed descriptively. Types of plants/plants used in life cycle ceremonies consist of 21 species, namely: rice (Oryza sativa L.), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), cocor duck (Kalanchoe pinata L.), areca nut (Areca catechu L.), turmeric (Curcuma domestica L.), nail paci (Lawsonia enermis L.), bogenvil (Boganvillea glabra L.), pandanus (Pandanus amarylifolius L.), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), forest basil ( Ocimum sanctum L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera L.), shallot (Allium cepa L.), Bengal grass (Eleusine indica L.), hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.), peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherima L.), betel (Piper betle L.), keluwih (Artocarpus camansi L.), jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.), palm sugar (Arenga pinnata), and red sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The percentage of utilization of plant parts that are most directly utilized is the leaves which amount to 14 with a percentage of 65.66%, flowers amount to 4 to 16.67%, fruit to reach 3 to 12.5%. The least used parts are rhizomes, seeds, tubers, roots and stems with a percentage of 5.17%.

Functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite Amblyseius aerialis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae)

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, is one of the main pests of the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) worldwide. Its control is mainly based on the use of acaricides. However, due to the habitat of this pest mite, which is protected by fruit bracts that act as a physical barrier, chemical control is often inefficient. Thus, natural enemies have been studied as an alternative to acaricides. We evaluated the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) to increasing densities of A. guerreronis (40, 80, 160, 240 and 360) and additionally the oviposition rates of the phytoseiid A. aerialis over 11 days on different food sources: coconut pollen, A. guerreronis and a mix of pollen and A. guerreronis. Our results showed that Amblyseius aerialis showed a type III functional response, where prey consumption increasing as the density of A. guerreronis increased, with a maximum consumption of up to 175 prey per predator. All the prey densities allowed female oviposition. The number of eggs laid by A. aerialis increased with increasing prey density and stabilized between 240 and 360 A. guerreronis individuals, with an average oviposition of 1.7 eggs/female. Furthermore, our results showed that all the food sources (coconut pollen, A. guerreronis and a mix of pollen and A. guerreronis) supported oviposition. The mean oviposition was approximately 1.5 eggs/female on all the food sources. Our study suggests that A. aerialis can be effective in the biological control of A. guerreronis. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether A. aerialis can explore the habitat of A. guerreronis and if that prey can support the development of immature stages and the reproduction of A. aerialis.

Pembuatan Konsentrat Protein Ampas Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Bebas Lemak pada Berbagai Konsentrasi NaOH

Coconut pulp contains up to 18.2% protein which is one of the wastes from coconut oil processing. Protein from coconut pulp can be used in the manufacture of protein concentrates which are widely used in the food industry. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of NaOH that can produce the yield and protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate. Coconut pulp protein was extracted with NaOH at various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M, then continued with salting out using salt (NH4)2SO4 with a saturation of 65%. The crude protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the use of 0.5 M NaOH resulted in the highest protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate, which was 71.30% with a yield of 14.42%.

Limbah Sabut Kelapa Muda (Cocos nucifera L.) sebagai Sumber Pewarna Kain

Young coconut coir (Cocos nucifera Linn.) waste has the potential to be processed into a useful product, namely as a source of natural dyes, especially in cotton fabrics. Processing is carried out through a maceration process for 72 hours using 96% ethanol as solvent. The obtained extract was applied on cotton cloth with various concentrations of the extract solution, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%, and various soaking times of the fabric in the extract for 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The extract was analyzed using Uv-Vis Spekctrofotometer it showed that the ethanol extract or dye that is absorbed into the cotton fabric with various concentrations is 3.43, 4.82, 6.61, 7.79, and 9.03%, respectively. The various soaking times show that on the other hand that the extract absorbed into the fabric was successfully obtained around 7.75, 9.64, 10.81, 11.65, and 12.04%. The results show that the concentration of the extract solution and the increasing length of soaking time can increase the percentage of extract or dye absorbed in cotton fabrics

Development of Processed Coconut Products (Cocos nucifera L) in the Form of Coconut Chips in Togafo Village, North Ternate City

Community service is an activity that aims to help certain communities in several activities without expecting any form of reward. This community service is focused on processing coconut plantation products (Cocos nucifera .L), which is one of the main plantation products around the service area. Service activities were carried out for the community in Togafo Village, North Ternate City. This training is expected to be able to help increase people's sources of income and increase public knowledge about how to process food from coconut raw materials. The method of activity is carried out by the tutorial method and joint practice. During the training, the participants enthusiastically participated in the activities and actively engaged in two-way discussions. Participants understand and can practice coconut processing techniques into coconut chips, and this can be a business opportunity.

Pesquisa de coliformes e Escherichia coli em água de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) comercializada por ambulantes em Fortaleza-CE

O objetivo do trabalho foi pesquisar Coliformes e Escherichia coli em águas de coco comercializadas por ambulantes na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Para isso, foram adquiridas, na qualidade de consumidor, cinco amostras de água de coco comercializada por ambulantes em semáforos de avenidas movimentadas. As amostras foram levadas ao laboratório de análises de alimentos de um Centro Universitário para pesquisar a presença ou ausência de coliformes e Escherichia coli, empregando a metodologia descrita pelo Compendiun of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods da American Public Health Association (APHA, 2001). Observou-se que a qualidade microbiológica da água de coco em questão notificou irregularidades, mas com apenas uma amostra totalmente fora do padrão. Considerando os resultados, percebe-se a necessidade da aplicação de boas práticas de manipulação durante a extração, envase e armazenamento da água de coco comercializada por ambulantes para que assim haja mais segurança no consumo desse produto pela população.

PENAMBAHAN AIR KELAPA (COCOS NUCIFERA L) DAN AIR LINDI (LEACHATE) SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR PEMBUATAN KOMPOS

Sampah merupakan material sisa yang tidak diinginkan berasal dari aktivitas manusia. Dampak ditimbulkan sampah yaitu pencemaran lingkungan. Sehingga perlu pengelolaan sampah dengan cara membuat kompos dimana kompos merupakan material organik yang sudah didekomposisi dan digunakan sebagai media tanam, pupuk, dan penyubur tanah. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penambahan air kelapa (cocos nucifera l) dan air lindi (leachate) sebagai aktivator pembuatan kompos. Merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu, data dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukka dari 4 variabel yang diteliti pada penambahan aktivator air kelapa (cocos nucifera l) dengan konsentrasi 150 ml selama 25 hari dan 250 ml terjadi selama 20 hari dan air lindi (leachate) dengan konsentrasi 150 terjadi selama 23 hari dan 250 ml terjadi selama 16 hari dan tanpa penambahan aktivator terjadi selama 29 hari. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aktivator dapat mempercepat pengomposan dibandingkan dengan tanpa menggunakan aktivator. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan aktivator air kelapa (cocos nucifera l) dengan konsentrasi 150 ml , 250 ml dan air lindi (leachate) dengan konsentrasi 150 ml dan 250 ml dapat mempercepat pengomposan dari pada tanpa penambahan activator. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif pengendalian sampah organik sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan kompos.Kata Kunci: Air Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L), Air Lindi (Leachate), Lama Waktu Dekomposisi, Kualitas Fisik Kompos