scholarly journals On the protective role of the blood vessels in glaucomatous damage: a transversal study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaiza Canovas Serrano ◽  
Lorenzo Valles San Leandro ◽  
Miguel Angel Rodriguez Izquierdo ◽  
Jeronimo Lajara Blesa ◽  
Rafael Lopez Canovas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Threshold Sensitivity ◽  
Glaucomatous Damage ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Minus Sign ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose: To corroborate whether vessels on the surface of the optic nerve head can provide protection against the loss of underlying axons in subjects with manifest glaucoma. Methods: In this pilot study, thirty-six glaucomatous eyes with a perimetric defect in the Bjerrum area were included. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured in each of the sectors of the clock-hour map obtained by Cirrus HD-OCT considering the presence or absence of blood vessels. These sectors were related with their corresponding areas of the retina examined in the visual field using a mathematical model of the retina introduced by Jansonius, in order to determine the values of threshold sensitivity in those areas in the presence or absence of vessels. Results: We corroborated the protective role of the blood vessel for peripapillary RNFL thickness of clock-hour 12 despite obtaining a p-value (p = 0.023; w = 228.5) close to the acceptance zone (p ≥ 0.05). The mean plus-or-minus sign standard deviation with vessel and without vessel were 70.95 plus-or-minus sign 24.35 and 88.46 plus-or-minus sign 23.96, respectively. No differences were found between the mean values of threshold sensitivity to the presence or absence of blood vessels in each of the sectors considered. Conclusions: Our findings do not allow us to affirm that there is an association between the presence of a vessel and protection against glaucomatous damage in subjects with an advanced manifestation of the disease. In the future, more extensive studies are needed to study this relationship in subjects with early glaucoma. Key words: astrocytes, visual field, primary open-angle glaucoma, aqueous humor, blood vessel.

scholarly journals On the protective role of the blood vessels in glaucomatous damage: A transversal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaiza Cánovas-Serrano ◽  
Lorenzo Vallés-San-Leandro ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Izquierdo ◽  
Rafael López-Serrano ◽  
Jerónimo Lajara-Blesa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Glaucomatous Damage ◽  
Transversal Study

scholarly journals Functional Monitoring after Trabeculectomy or XEN Microstent Implantation Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Indices—A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Marc Schargus ◽  
Catharina Busch ◽  
Matus Rehak ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Manuela Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Comparative Cohort Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
All Treatment

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of trabeculectomy (TE), single XEN microstent implantation (solo XEN) or combined XEN implantation and cataract surgery (combined XEN) in primary open-angle glaucoma cases, naïve to prior surgical treatment, using a monocentric retrospective comparative cohort study. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of IOP-lowering drugs (Meds) were monitored during the first 24 months after surgery. Further disease progression was monitored using peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness examinations using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) tests. In the TE group (52 eyes), the mean IOP decreased from 24.9 ± 5.9 to 13.9 ± 4.2 mmHg (p < 0.001) and Meds decreased from 3.2 ± 1.2 to 0.5 ± 1.1 (p < 0.001). In the solo XEN (38 eyes) and the combined XEN groups, the mean IOP decreased from 24.1 ± 4.7 to 15.7 ± 3.0 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 25.4 ± 5.6 to 14.7 ± 3.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), while Meds decreased from 3.3 ± 0.8 to 0.8 ± 1.2 (p < 0.001) and 2.7 ± 1.2 to 0.4 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001), respectively. The VF and VA indices showed no sign of further deterioration, the RNFL thickness further decreased in all treatment groups after surgery. TE and XEN led to comparable reductions in IOP and Meds. Although the VA and VF indices remained unaltered, the RNFL thickness continuously decreased in all treatment groups during the 24-month follow-up.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Leptadenia Hastata on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Adrenaline-Induced Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Adewuyi Hassan Abdulsalam ◽  
◽  
Muhammad L. Hadiza ◽  
Onukogu Stella Chiamaka ◽  
Ibrahim Jonathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Leptadenia hastata (L. Hastata) is a plant used for various diseases in Nigeria. This study evaluated the protective effects of L. hastate on the haematological and biochemical alterations in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided equally into five groups (A-E). Groups A-D were given 0.5 mg/kg adrenaline, groups A and B were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg the extract of L. Hastata, respectively, while groups C and D were treated with 5 mg/kg amlodipine (standard control) and normal saline (untreated control), respectively. Group E were given distilled water (normal controls). The adrenaline was injected intraperitoneally while the extract was given orally once daily for seven days. Results: Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced the elevated serum albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, chloride, sodium and creatinine, cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The bicarbonate level, WBC and RBC counts, mean cell hemoglobin and packed cell value were higher in rats treated with the extract compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The mean cell value, HDL, triglyceride, urea, potassium, total and direct bilirubin concentrations in experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that treatment of the hypertensive rats with the extract of L. Hastata protects against renal, hepatic and cardiac damages, thus it could be considered as a natural anti-hypertensive agent. Further studies are required to identify the bioactive constituents and the mechanism(s) of action.

scholarly journals Periostin Is Required for the Maintenance of Muscle Fibers during Muscle Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Naoki Ito ◽  
Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki ◽  
Shin’ichi Takeda ◽  
Akira Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Muscle Weight

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a well-organized process that requires remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we revealed the protective role of periostin, a matricellular protein that binds to several ECM proteins during muscle regeneration. In intact muscle, periostin was localized at the neuromuscular junction, muscle spindle, and myotendinous junction, which are connection sites between muscle fibers and nerves or tendons. During muscle regeneration, periostin exhibited robustly increased expression and localization at the interstitial space. Periostin-null mice showed decreased muscle weight due to the loss of muscle fibers during repeated muscle regeneration. Cultured muscle progenitor cells from periostin-null mice showed no deficiencies in their proliferation, differentiation, and the expression of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin, suggesting that the loss of muscle fibers in periostin-null mice was not due to the impaired function of muscle stem/progenitor cells. Periostin-null mice displayed a decreased number of CD31-positive blood vessels during muscle regeneration, suggesting that the decreased nutritional supply from blood vessels was the cause of muscle fiber loss in periostin-null mice. These results highlight the novel role of periostin in maintaining muscle mass during muscle regeneration.

Regulation of rCBF by intracortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing neurons

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Itakura ◽  
Hideyoshi Yokote ◽  
Takashi Okuno ◽  
Yutaka Naka ◽  
Kazuo Nakakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Hydrogen Clearance ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

✓ The role of intracortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing neurons in the regulation of cortical blood flow was investigated in rats by immunohistochemical and hydrogen clearance methods. Immunohistochemical studies revealed an intimate association between intracortical VIP-containing neurons and small blood vessels. Intracortical injection of a VIP solution (10−5 M) produced significantly higher blood flow in the treated cortex (mean ± standard error of the mean: 46.2 ± 4.0 ml/100 gm/min) than in the untreated cortex (36.9 ± 2.4 ml/100 gm/min). These data suggest that intracortical VIP-containing neurons produce dilatation of intracortical blood vessels.

VE-cadherin is not required for the formation of nascent blood vessels but acts to prevent their disassembly

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 2771-2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher V. Crosby ◽  
Paul A. Fleming ◽  
W. Scott Argraves ◽  
Monica Corada ◽  
Lucia Zanetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion ◽  
Specific Step

Abstract We investigated the role of vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin in blood vessel morphogenesis and established a temporal correlation linking the failure in vessel morphogenesis in VE-cadherin null embryos to a specific step in vasculogenesis. We showed that the sequence in which blood vessels failed followed the order in which they had formed (ie, those forming first—yolk sac, allantoic and endocardial vessels—were the first to display morphologic abnormalities). We next showed that in place of normal reticulated networks of blood vessels, clusters of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule–positive (PECAM+) cells formed within cultured allantois explants from VE-cadherin null embryos. Similarly, a function-blocking VE-cadherin antibody, BV13, caused PECAM+ cell clusters to form in cultured allantois explants from normal mice. Finally, we demonstrated that formation of PECAM+ cell clusters in response to BV13 was not due to a disruption in the formation of nascent vessels but was due to the actual disassembly of nascent vessels. Based on these findings, we conclude that the events of de novo blood vessel formation up to the point at which a vascular epithelium forms (ie, nascent vessels with lumens) are not dependent on VE-cadherin and that VE-cadherin, whose expression is up-regulated following vascular epithelialization, is required to prevent the disassembly of nascent blood vessels.

Studying the role of 10-2 visual field test in different stages of glaucoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham Hosny Tomairek ◽  
Safaa Awadallah Aboud ◽  
Mansour Hassan ◽  
Alyaa H Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Visual Field Test ◽  
Glaucoma Diagnosis ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Damage

Objective: To assess the role of 10-2 visual field (VF) test in different stages of glaucoma. Methods: In our prospective comparative study, 24-2 and 10-2 VF tests were done for 115 eyes with different stages of glaucomatous damage or glaucoma suspects. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 79 eyes. We compared field changes of the central 10° on 10-2 and 24-2 tests and studied the correlation between the mean deviation (MD) measured by the two tests. Results: In seven glaucoma suspects, glaucoma diagnosis was missed by 24-2 test but was detected by 10-2 test and confirmed by OCT. In the eyes with early damage, there was no correlation between 10-2 and 24-2 tests regarding the MD of the central 10º. In moderate and severe stages, there was a significant correlation between the results of 24-2 and 10-2 tests. Conclusion: We concluded that 10-2 test could help confirm glaucoma diagnosis in glaucoma suspects missed by 24-2 test before resorting to the more expensive OCT. In early glaucoma, we noted that 10-2, as confirmed by OCT, was a beneficial addition to 24-2 test for precise measurement of the MD and detection of defects of the central 10º missed by 24-2 test, where more intense treatment should be considered to preserve the threatened central visual function. In moderate and severe cases, the role of 10-2 test was not as pivotal as in early cases, but still it was useful for assessment of residual central visual function in severe cases with absolute central 10º defects on 24-2 test for proper management.

scholarly journals Vitamin K antagonist has a higher impact than heparin in preventing circuit clotting in chronic haemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-653
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Charles ◽  
Yannick Le Meur ◽  
Tugdual Tanquerel ◽  
Hubert Galinat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chronic Haemodialysis ◽  
Heparin Dose ◽  
Thrombosis Risk ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In dialysis sessions, some data suggest that decreasing or even avoiding additional anticoagulation by heparin is possible among patients already treated with oral anticoagulation. However, the required dose of heparin may actually depend on the pre-dialysis international normalized ratio (INR), which varies from one session to another. The aim of our study was to determine the respective role of INR and heparin dosing in the risk of circuit clotting during chronic haemodialysis. Methods From early 2012 to July 2016, we analysed the totality of dialysis sessions performed at Brest University Hospital among haemodialysis patients treated by vitamin K antagonists (VKA). We established a prediction of circuit clotting on the basis of a simplified score obtained by combining INR and heparin dosing. Results In total, 7184 dialysis sessions among chronic haemodialysis patients under VKA were identified, including 233 with clotting events. The mean INR without clotting events was 2.5 versus 1.8 with clotting events (P &lt; 0.001). Frequencies of circuit clotting were different according to INR group (INR &lt;2.0, INR 2.0–3.0, INR &gt;3.0; P &lt; 0.0001). The protective role of VKA was higher than heparin, as shown by discriminant factor analysis (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion. Our study established a predictive model of thrombosis risk of dialysis circuits in patients treated by VKA for a given heparin dose and a given INR. This model shows a marginal contribution of heparin to protect against the risk of thrombosis compared with VKA. Moreover, heparin would not appear to be necessary for patients with an INR &gt;2.2.

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