scholarly journals Protective Role of Leptadenia Hastata on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Adrenaline-Induced Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Adewuyi Hassan Abdulsalam ◽  
◽  
Muhammad L. Hadiza ◽  
Onukogu Stella Chiamaka ◽  
Ibrahim Jonathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Leptadenia hastata (L. Hastata) is a plant used for various diseases in Nigeria. This study evaluated the protective effects of L. hastate on the haematological and biochemical alterations in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided equally into five groups (A-E). Groups A-D were given 0.5 mg/kg adrenaline, groups A and B were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg the extract of L. Hastata, respectively, while groups C and D were treated with 5 mg/kg amlodipine (standard control) and normal saline (untreated control), respectively. Group E were given distilled water (normal controls). The adrenaline was injected intraperitoneally while the extract was given orally once daily for seven days. Results: Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced the elevated serum albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, chloride, sodium and creatinine, cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The bicarbonate level, WBC and RBC counts, mean cell hemoglobin and packed cell value were higher in rats treated with the extract compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The mean cell value, HDL, triglyceride, urea, potassium, total and direct bilirubin concentrations in experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that treatment of the hypertensive rats with the extract of L. Hastata protects against renal, hepatic and cardiac damages, thus it could be considered as a natural anti-hypertensive agent. Further studies are required to identify the bioactive constituents and the mechanism(s) of action.

scholarly journals A chemo-mechano-biological formulation for the effects of biochemical alterations on arterial mechanics: the role of molecular transport and multiscale tissue remodelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (136) ◽  
pp. 20170615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Marino ◽  
Giuseppe Pontrelli ◽  
Giuseppe Vairo ◽  
Peter Wriggers
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Arterial Mechanics ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Healing Phase

This paper presents a chemo-mechano-biological framework for arterial physiopathology. The model accounts for the fine remodelling in the multiscale hierarchical arrangement of tissue constituents and for the diffusion of molecular species involved in cell–cell signalling pathways. Effects in terms of alterations in arterial compliance are obtained. A simple instructive example is introduced. Although oversimplified with respect to realistic case studies, the proposed application mimics the biochemical activity of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factors beta and interleukins on tissue remodelling. Effects of macrophage infiltration, of intimal thickening and of a healing phase are investigated, highlighting the corresponding influence on arterial compliance. The obtained results show that the present approach is able to capture changes in arterial mechanics as a consequence of the alterations in tissue biochemical environment and cellular activity, as well as to incorporate the protective role of both autoimmune responses and pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals Hepato & nephro protective effects of naringenin-loaded tpgs polymeric nanosuspension against cisplatin-induced toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2755-2764
Author(s):  
Sumathi Rajamani ◽  
Gobinath Kalyanasundaram ◽  
Tamizharasi Sengodan ◽  
Sivakumar Thangavelu ◽  
Nikhitha K Shanmukhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Cisplatin (Cis-Diammineplatinum (II) dichloride/CIS) is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents widely used in treatment of various cancers. Naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, protect against CIS-induced injury in rats without hampering CIS beneficial cytotoxic activity. Even though NAR exhibits therapeutic potency, clinical evolution of the molecule is embarrassed because of very less aqueous solubility which corresponds to low availability at the site of the tumor. In our former analysis, nanosuspension of naringenin (NARNS) was developed by the method of high-pressure homogenization. The study had been continued to evaluate the protective role of D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) coated NARNS, against oxidative stress-induced hepato and nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats upon CIS treatment. Induction of acute hepato and neprotoxicity was done by intraperitoneal injection (i.p) injection of CIS (7 mg/kg of body weight) and administration of NAR and NARNS. Administration of NARNS virtually suppressed CIS-induced and liver injury evidenced by a reduction of lipid peroxidation level, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, creatinine and elevated enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in rats liver tissue. Histological studies substantiated the biochemical parameters. The study suggests that NARNS has strong hepato and nephroprotective effect compared to NAR.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Feruloylserotonin in LPS-Induced HaCaT Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhu He ◽  
Byung-gook Kim ◽  
Hye-Eun Kim ◽  
Qiaochu Sun ◽  
Shuhan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Epidermal inflammation is caused by various bacterial infectious diseases that impair the skin health. Feruloylserotonin (FS) belongs to the hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin, which mainly exists in safflower seeds and has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Human epidermis mainly comprises keratinocytes whose inflammation causes skin problems. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on the keratinocyte with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced human HaCaT cells and elucidated its underlying mechanisms of action. The mechanism was investigated by analyzing cell viability, PGE2 levels, cell apoptosis, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The anti-inflammatory effects of FS were assessed by inhibiting the inflammation via down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, FS promoted Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, indicating that FS showed anti-oxidative activities. Furthermore, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of FS were found to benefit each other, but were independent. Thus, FS can be used as a component to manage epidermal inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.

scholarly journals miR-135b Plays a Neuroprotective Role by Targeting GSK3β in MPP+-Intoxicated SH-SY5Y Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianlei Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yabo Wang ◽  
Shengnan Zhao ◽  
Na Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Protein Levels

miR-135a-5p was reported to play a crucial role in the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against Parkinson’s disease (PD) by targeting rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). However, the role of another member of miR-135 family (miR-135b) and the underlying mechanism in PD are still unclear. qRT-PCR and western blot showed that miR-135 was downregulated and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was upregulated at mRNA and protein levels in MPP+-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MTT, TUNEL, and ELISA assays revealed that miR-135b overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis and production of TNF-α and IL-1β in SH-SY5Y cells in the presence of MPP+. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that GSK3β was a direct target of miR-135b. Moreover, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a GSK3β activator, dramatically reversed the effects of miR-135b upregulation on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine production in MPP+-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, miR-135b exerts a protective role via promotion of proliferation and suppression of apoptosis and neuroinflammation by targeting GSK3β in MPP+-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PD.

scholarly journals Moringa oleiferaSeeds Attenuate Vascular Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Iharinjaka Randriamboavonjy ◽  
Marc Rio ◽  
Pierre Pacaud ◽  
Gervaise Loirand ◽  
Angela Tesse
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Moringa oleifera(MOI) is a tree currently used in traditional medicine in tropical Africa, America, and Asia for therapeutic applications in several disorders including arterial hypertension. We previously described a cardiac protective role of a treatment with MOI seeds in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Here, we investigated the effects of this treatment on oxidative and nitrosative vascular stresses in SHR, with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats used as controls. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses detected in SHR aortas using the fluorescent dye dihydroethidine and protein nitrotyrosine staining were reduced in MOI-treated SHR aortas. This was associated with a decrease of free 8-isoprostane circulating level, vascular p22phoxand p47phoxexpressions, and SOD2 upregulation. Moreover, circulating nitrites and C-reactive protein, increased in SHR, were both reduced in SHR receiving MOI. This was associated to decrease iNOS and NF-κB protein expressions after MOI treatment. In functional studies, the endothelium-dependent carbachol-induced relaxation was improved in MOI-treated SHR resistance arteries. Oral administration of MOI seeds demonstrates vascular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective effects in SHR. Our data support the use of MOI seeds in diet against cardiovascular disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as hypertension, scientifically validating the use of these seeds in Malagasy traditional medicine.

scholarly journals A Contemporary View of Natriuretic Peptides in the SARS-CoV-2 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranza Rubattu ◽  
Giovanna Gallo ◽  
Massimo Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Prognostic Implications

The heart releases natriuretic peptides (NPs) which represent an important hormonal axis with cardiorenal protective effects. In view of their properties, NPs have pathophysiologic, diagnostic and prognostic implications in several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Severe pulmonary inflammation, as induced by the SARS-COV2, may increase pulmonary pressure with potential influence on NPs release, whereby normal cardiovascular integrity becomes impaired. Moreover, pre-existing CVDs are strong negative prognostic factors since they exacerbate the effects of the viral infection and lead to worse outcomes. In this context, it may be expected that NPs exert a key protective role toward the virus infection whereas an impairment of NPs release contributes to the virus deleterious effects. In this review article we explore the potential involvement of NPs in the COVID-19 disease. To this aim, we will first focus on the interactions between NPs and the Ang II/ATIR arm of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as well as with the protective ACE2/Ang (1-7) arm of the RAAS. Subsequently, we will review evidence that strongly supports the role of increased NT-proBNP level as a marker of cardiac damage and of worse prognosis in the COVID-19 affected patients. Finally, we will discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of these protective hormones toward the viral infection through their endothelial protective function, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. In conclusion, the potential implications of NPs in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as discussed in our article, represent an important issue that deserves to be fully investigated.

scholarly journals The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed Bassiouny El-Amawy ◽  
Samir Attia Mohammed Zaahkouk ◽  
Hesham Gamal Abdel Rasheed ◽  
Bassem Elsayed Elaraby Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The study was designed to clarify the hepato-renal protective effects of propolis extract against heavy metals-induced toxicity via oral administration to the males of albino rats. Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Antimony (Sb) are toxic heavy metals have the ability to produce reactive radicals in the biological systems causing public and animals health hazards through disrupting balances between pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense system, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The most commonly affected organs are liver and kidney. Propolis is a natural product with different shapes and resinous substance collected by honey bees, it attenuates many diseases damage due to its anti-oxidative action and its potentiality to minimize the deleterious effects of free radicals on tissues. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Sb as well as the activities of antioxidants endogenous enzymes including; glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all determined in the tissues of liver and kidney; while aspartate transaminase (ASAT), alanine transaminase (ALAT), total protein (TP), urea and createnine, were measured in the serum of experimental rats beside histopathologicl examination in the tissues of liver and kidney. The oral administration of propolis provided a significantly therapeutic role against multi-metals-induced hepato-renal toxicity with relative improving to histopathological changes because of its scavenging and chelating properties as concluded from the present investigation.

Role of Nitric Oxide in the Enhancement of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Caused by Shigella dysenteriae

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 6364-6368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Balter-Seri ◽  
Yael Yuhas ◽  
Abraham Weizman ◽  
Yehuda Nofech-Mozes ◽  
Elizabeth Kaminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Contrast Injection ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Convulsions and encephalopathy are frequent complications of childhood shigellosis. We studied the role of nitric oxide (NO) inShigella-related seizures in an animal model. Pretreatment of mice with Shigella dysenteriae 60R sonicate elevated serum NO levels and enhanced the convulsive response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), as indicated by a higher mean convulsion score and a higher number of mice responding with seizures. Treatment of the mice with S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT), a potent inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (NOS), prevented the elevation of serum NO levels and concomitantly reduced the enhanced response to PTZ. The mean convulsion scores were 0.7, 0.7, 1.3, and 0.8 for mice treated with saline, saline and SMT, S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate, and S. dysenteriae60R sonicate with SMT, respectively (P = 0.001 for 60R sonicate versus saline and P = 0.013 for 60R sonicate versus 60R sonicate with SMT). The corresponding seizure rates were 40, 44, 75, and 47% for saline, saline with SMT, S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate, and S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate with SMT, respectively (P = 0.0004 for 60R sonicate versus saline and P = 0.005 for 60R sonicate versus 60R sonicate with SMT). In contrast, injection of N-nitro-l-arginine, a selective inhibitor of constitutive NOS, neither abolished the elevation of serum NO nor attenuated the enhancement of seizures. These findings indicate that NO, induced by S. dysenteriae 60R sonicate, is involved in enhancing the susceptibility to seizures caused by S. dysenteriae.

scholarly journals The protective role of carnosic acid in ischemic/reperfusion injury through regulation of autophagy under T2DM

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hu ◽  
Tianyu Li ◽  
Zixiang Bo ◽  
Feixiang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and is the main cause of death and disability worldwide. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury has been linked to IHD-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis and tissue damage. Recently, it has been reported that carnosic acid (CA) may function as a potent antioxidant in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, whether it regulates I/R in the heart remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the emerging role of CA in MI/R under diabetic myocardial conditions. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in mice by consumption of a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. To create the I/R in mice, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, and then occlusion was released to reperfuse the heart for 3 or 24 h. In diabetic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (DMI/R) mice, pre-treatment with CA suppressed the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of cytokine. Importantly, the activation of autophagy was significantly increased by CA treatment, as assessed by p62 degradation and LC3-II/LC3-I conversion, as well as by phosphorylation of AMPKα, Akt, and mTOR. Interestingly, all of the protective effects of CA were impeded by the treatment with chloroquine, which is an autophagy inhibitor. These studies suggest that CA prevents DMI/R injury via regulation of autophagy. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CA has potential as a novel therapeutic to prevent DMI/R injury. Impact statement We have provided, for the first time, evidence that carnosic acid (CA) attenuates ischemia–reperfusion injury of diabetic myocardium, i.e. diabetic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (DMI/R) injury, via enhancement of autophagy. A greater understanding of the target molecule in CA-enhanced autophagy is necessary for the development of potential chemotherapy for DMI/R injury.

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