scholarly journals Selective effects of biological and chronological age on the development of cognitive abilities in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Kovacs ◽  
Kristof Kovacs ◽  
Patricia Gervan ◽  
Katinka Utczas ◽  
Gyongyi Olah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Biological Maturity

Adolescent development is not only shaped by the mere passing of time and accumulating experience, it also depends on pubertal timing and the cascade of maturational processes orchestrated by gonadal hormones. Although individual variability in puberty onset confounds adolescent studies, it has not been efficiently controlled for. Here we introduce ultrasonic bone age assessment to estimate biological maturity and disentangle the independent effects of chronological and biological age on adolescent cognitive abilities. Comparing cognitive performance of participants with different skeletal maturity we uncover the striking impact of biological age on both IQ and specific abilities. We find that biological age has a selective effect on abilities: more mature individuals within the same age group have higher working memory capacity and processing speed, while those with higher chronological age have better verbal abilities, independently of their maturity. Based on our findings, bone age is a promising biomarker for adolescent research.

SKELETAL MATURATION IN THE CURRENT PEDIATRIC MEXICAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061
Author(s):  
Miguel Klünder-Klünder ◽  
Montserrat Espinosa-Espindola ◽  
Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Mariana Sánchez-Curiel Loyo ◽  
Pilar Dies Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Greulich And Pyle ◽  
Reference Curves ◽  
End Of Puberty

Objective: The most commonly used methods for bone age (BA) reading were described in the Caucasian population decades ago. However, there are secular trends in skeletal maturation and different BA patterns between ethnic groups. Automated BA reading makes updating references easier and more precise than human reading. The objective of the present study was to present automated BA reference curves according to chronological age and gender in the Mexican population and compare the maturation tempo with that of other populations. Methods: The study included 923 healthy participants aged 5 to 18 years between 2017 and 2018. A hand radio-graph was analyzed using BoneXpert software to obtain the automated BA reading according to Greulich and Pyle (G&P) and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2) references. We constructed reference curves using the average difference between the BA and chronological age according to sex and age. Results: The G&P and TW2 automated reference curves showed that Mexican boys exhibit delays in BA during middle childhood by 0.5 to 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.9 to −0.2) years; however, they demonstrate an advanced BA of up to 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.4) years at the end of puberty. Mexican girls exhibited a delay in BA by 0.3 to 0.6 (95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1) years before puberty and an advanced BA of up to 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.2) years at the end of puberty. Conclusion: Mexican children aged <10 years exhibited a delay in skeletal maturity, followed by an advanced BA by approximately 1 year at the end of puberty. This may affect the estimation of growth potential in this population. Abbreviations: BA = bone age; CA = chronological age; G&P = Greulich and Pyle; TW2 = Tanner-Whitehouse 2

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CONCOMITANT PATHOLOGY IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE PATIENTS WITH ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0003
Author(s):  
Laura A. Vogel ◽  
Regina O. Kostyun ◽  
J. Lee Pace ◽  
Jonathan D. Gelber ◽  
Carl W. Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Skeletally Immature ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Historically, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children were treated non-operatively with delayed surgical reconstruction. More recently, there has been increasing literature that suggests delaying surgical reconstruction after ACL injury results in inferior outcomes and increased secondary meniscal and chondral injury in young athletes. Multiple studies have focused on the rates of these concomitant injuries in young athletes, but many of these studies include older athletes nearing or at the point of skeletal maturity and few include skeletal bone age determination. Thus, the rates of concomitant pathology in skeletally immature patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of concomitant pathology found in a group of skeletally immature and compare them to a similar group of skeletally mature patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Methods: The surgical case log for four orthopaedic surgeons within the sports medicine department of a children’s hospital were reviewed over a ten-year period. Patients were grouped based on skeletal maturity; skeletally immature (SI), approaching skeletal maturity (AM), and skeletally mature (SM). Operative diagnoses were obtained from the operative reports. Patient demographics including sex, bone and chronological age as well as injury and surgical dates were collected from clinical notes. Descriptive statistics were computed for patient demographics and surgical findings. A chi square analysis was completed to understand the prevalence rate among the three groups and a logistical regression was conducted to understanding the association between timing from injury to surgery and presence of concomitant pathology. Results: Our cohort consisted of 535 patients, 66 SI patients (46 males, 20 females; avg chronological age 12.9±1.6 years; avg bone age 13.2 years), 276 AM patients (118 males, 158 females; avg chronological age 15.2±1.2 years; avg bone age 14.9 years), 193 SM patients (107 males, 86 females; avg chronological age 20.3±6.0 years). All patients in the SI group were treated with a physeal sparing technique (61 patients - hybrid sparing technique, 4 patients - femoral and tibial sparing technique, 1 patient - extra-articular reconstruction). Concomitant pathology was present in 38% of SI patients compared to 52% of AM patients and 57% of SM patients. Meniscal injury was the predominant concomitant pathology in the SI group (37.9%); only a single patient had a second ligament reconstructed in addition to their ACL. In comparison, meniscal pathology was also the predominant concomitant pathology in both the AM (48.9%) and SM (51.8%) groups along with chondral lesions (AM 2.2%, SM 3.1%) and multi-ligament injuries (AM 0.4%, SM 4.1%). Lateral meniscal injuries were seen more often than medial meniscal injuries for all groups. A statistical difference was found between groups for the prevalence of concomitant pathology, with the SI group having less than the AM group (p = 0.042) and SM group (p = 0.007). The average time from injury to surgery was shorter for SI patients, 60±43 days compared to 105±208 days (AM group) and 123±185 days (SM group). The results of the logistical regression did not show an association between days from injury to surgery and presence of concomitant pathology in the SI group, but did reveal an association for the AM (p = 0.004; OR 1.004) and SM (p = 0.013; OR 1.002) groups. Conclusion: This is the first article that compares the rates of concomitant pathology in a well-defined group of skeletally immature patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery to a skeletally mature cohort. We found that skeletally immature patients had less concomitant pathology than skeletally mature patients.

Associations Between Functional Biological Age and Cognition Among Older Adults in Rural Bangladesh: Comparisons With Chronological Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Sternäng ◽  
Katie Palmer ◽  
Zarina N. Kabir ◽  
Mohammed I. Hasan ◽  
Åke Wahlin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Broad Part

Objectives: We constructed a functional biological age (fBioAge) indicator by using four functional variables: grip strength, forced expiratory lung volume, visual acuity, and hearing. Our aim was to compare how chronological age (ChronAge) and fBioAge are related to cognitive abilities in older adults. Method: We used data from the Poverty and Health in Aging project, Bangladesh. Participants ( N = 400) were 60+ years of age and diagnosed as nondemented. Examined cognitive abilities were four episodic memory measures (including recall and recognition), two verbal fluency indicators, two semantic knowledge, and two processing speed tasks. Results: fBioAge accounted for cognitive variance beyond that explained by ChronAge also after controlling for medical diagnoses and blood markers. Discussion: Compared with ChronAge, fBioAge was a stronger predictor of cognition during a broad part of the old adult span. fBioAge seems, in that respect, to have the potential to become a useful age indicator in future aging studies.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Characterization and Physical Performance by Age and Biological Maturation in Young Tennis Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10893
Author(s):  
Pablo Luna-Villouta ◽  
Marcelo Paredes-Arias ◽  
Carol Flores-Rivera ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
Ricardo Souza de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Shoulder Flexibility ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Run Test

The objective was to analyze anthropometric and physical performance variables as a function of chronological age and biological maturity in young Chilean tennis players. The study was observational, cross-sectional, with descriptive and analytical characteristics. Eighty-seven tennis players were evaluated (58 men 15.1 ± 0.8 years and 29 women, 15.3 ± 0.8 years). The measured anthropometric variables were a sprint test of 20m; a modified agility test; a sit-and-reach test and shoulder flexibility; manual grip strength; horizontal jump in feet; a medicine ball throw; a countermovement vertical jump; an abalakov vertical jump and a 20-m shuttle-run test. The growth velocity acceleration peak (APHV), skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were calculated, R2 and standard error of estimate (SEE) were examined. The results show that chronological age explained the anthropometric variables between 1 and 23% in men and 1 and 29% in women; by biological age, variables were explained between 3 and 53% in men and 2 and 42% in women. Of the physical performance variables, chronological age described between 2 and 24% of them in men and 1 and 29% in women; the same were explained by biological age between 1 and 19% in men and 1 and 26% in women. We conclude that anthropometric variables showed a better relationship with biological age, except for volume of fat tissue, while physical performance variables showed low association with both biological and chronological age.

scholarly journals A quantitative method for the radiological assessment of skeletal maturity using the distal femur

2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (8) ◽  
pp. 1106-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Knapik ◽  
J. O. Sanders ◽  
A. Gilmore ◽  
D. R. Weber ◽  
D. R. Cooperman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Femur ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Central Peak ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Greulich And Pyle ◽  
Femoral Physis ◽  
Peak Value

Aims Using 90% of final height as a benchmark, we sought to develop a quick, quantitative and reproducible method of estimating skeletal maturity based on topographical changes in the distal femoral physis. Patients and Methods Serial radiographs of the distal femoral physis three years prior to, during, and two years following the chronological age associated with 90% of final height were analyzed in 81 healthy children. The distance from the tip of the central peak of the distal femoral physis to a line drawn across the physis was normalized to the physeal width. Results A total of 389 radiographs of the distal femur with corresponding Greulich and Pyle bone ages and known chronological ages were measured. Children reached 90% of final height at a mean age of 11.3 years (sd 0.8) for girls and 13.2 years (sd 0.6) for boys. Linear regression analysis showed higher correlation coefficent in predicting the true age at 90% of final height using chronological age + gender + central peak value (R2 = 0.900) than chronological age + gender (R2 = 0.879) and Greulich and Pyle bone age + gender (R2 = 0.878). Conclusion Chronological age + gender + central peak value provides more accurate prediction of 90% of final height compared with chronological age + gender and Greulich and Pyle bone age + gender. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1106–11.

Creation and Validation of a Shorthand Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Age Assessment Tool of the Knee as an Alternative Skeletal Maturity Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110329
Author(s):  
Cary S. Politzer ◽  
James D. Bomar ◽  
Hakan C. Pehlivan ◽  
Pradyumna Gurusamy ◽  
Eric W. Edmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Knee Mri ◽  
Bone Age Assessment ◽  
Hand Radiograph

Background: In managing pediatric knee conditions, an accurate bone age assessment is often critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes. Historically, the Greulich and Pyle atlas (hand atlas) has been the gold standard bone age assessment tool. In 2013, a shorthand bone age assessment tool based on this atlas (hand shorthand) was devised as a simpler and more efficient alternative. Recently, a knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bone age atlas (MRI atlas) was created to circumvent the need for a left-hand radiograph. Purpose: To create a shorthand version of the knee MRI atlas. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A shorthand bone age assessment method was created utilizing the previously published MRI atlas, which utilizes several criteria that are visualized across a series of images. The MRI shorthand draws on characteristic criteria for each age that are best observed on a single MRI scan. For validation, we performed a retrospective assessment of skeletally immature patients. One reader performed the bone age assessment using the MRI atlas and the MRI shorthand on 200 patients. Then, 4 readers performed the bone age assessment with the hand atlas, hand shorthand, MRI atlas, and MRI shorthand on a subset of 22 patients in a blinded fashion. All 22 patients had a knee MRI scan and a left-hand radiograph within 4 weeks of each other. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability, as well as variability among observers, were evaluated. Results: A total of 200 patients with a mean age of 13.5 years (range, 9.08-17.98 years) were included in this study. Also, 22 patients with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 9.0-15.6 years) had a knee MRI scan and a left-hand radiograph within 4 weeks. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of all 4 assessment tools were acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.8; P < .001). When comparing the MRI shorthand with the MRI atlas, there was excellent agreement (ICC = 0.989), whereas the hand shorthand compared with the hand atlas had good agreement (ICC = 0.765). The MRI shorthand also had perfect agreement in 50% of readings among all 4 readers, and 95% of readings had agreement within 1 year, whereas the hand shorthand had perfect agreement in 32% of readings and 77% agreement within 1 year. Conclusion: The MRI shorthand is a simple and efficient means of assessing the skeletal maturity of adolescent patients with a knee MRI scan. This bone age assessment technique had interobserver and intraobserver reliability equivalent to or better than the standard method of utilizing a left-hand radiograph.

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