Evaluation of skeletal maturity score for Korean children and the standard for comparison of bone age and chronological age in normal children

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonjin Oh ◽  
Rena Lee ◽  
Hae Soon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Maturity Score

scholarly journals Selective effects of biological and chronological age on the development of cognitive abilities in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Kovacs ◽  
Kristof Kovacs ◽  
Patricia Gervan ◽  
Katinka Utczas ◽  
Gyongyi Olah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Biological Maturity

Adolescent development is not only shaped by the mere passing of time and accumulating experience, it also depends on pubertal timing and the cascade of maturational processes orchestrated by gonadal hormones. Although individual variability in puberty onset confounds adolescent studies, it has not been efficiently controlled for. Here we introduce ultrasonic bone age assessment to estimate biological maturity and disentangle the independent effects of chronological and biological age on adolescent cognitive abilities. Comparing cognitive performance of participants with different skeletal maturity we uncover the striking impact of biological age on both IQ and specific abilities. We find that biological age has a selective effect on abilities: more mature individuals within the same age group have higher working memory capacity and processing speed, while those with higher chronological age have better verbal abilities, independently of their maturity. Based on our findings, bone age is a promising biomarker for adolescent research.

SKELETAL MATURATION IN THE CURRENT PEDIATRIC MEXICAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061
Author(s):  
Miguel Klünder-Klünder ◽  
Montserrat Espinosa-Espindola ◽  
Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Mariana Sánchez-Curiel Loyo ◽  
Pilar Dies Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Greulich And Pyle ◽  
Reference Curves ◽  
End Of Puberty

Objective: The most commonly used methods for bone age (BA) reading were described in the Caucasian population decades ago. However, there are secular trends in skeletal maturation and different BA patterns between ethnic groups. Automated BA reading makes updating references easier and more precise than human reading. The objective of the present study was to present automated BA reference curves according to chronological age and gender in the Mexican population and compare the maturation tempo with that of other populations. Methods: The study included 923 healthy participants aged 5 to 18 years between 2017 and 2018. A hand radio-graph was analyzed using BoneXpert software to obtain the automated BA reading according to Greulich and Pyle (G&P) and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2) references. We constructed reference curves using the average difference between the BA and chronological age according to sex and age. Results: The G&P and TW2 automated reference curves showed that Mexican boys exhibit delays in BA during middle childhood by 0.5 to 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.9 to −0.2) years; however, they demonstrate an advanced BA of up to 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.4) years at the end of puberty. Mexican girls exhibited a delay in BA by 0.3 to 0.6 (95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1) years before puberty and an advanced BA of up to 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.2) years at the end of puberty. Conclusion: Mexican children aged <10 years exhibited a delay in skeletal maturity, followed by an advanced BA by approximately 1 year at the end of puberty. This may affect the estimation of growth potential in this population. Abbreviations: BA = bone age; CA = chronological age; G&P = Greulich and Pyle; TW2 = Tanner-Whitehouse 2

Prepubertal Growth and Skeletal Maturation in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Michael C. G. Stevens ◽  
Gillian H. Maude ◽  
Lena Cupidore ◽  
Helen Jackson ◽  
Richard J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Benign Nature

In a longitudinal study of 298 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and 157 children with hemoglobin SC disease, between birth and 9 years of age, observations of weight and height were made. These were compared with similar data derived from an age- and sex-matched group of 231 children with a normal hemoglobin (AA) genotype. Growth in children with SC disease was not significantly different from that in normal children, but children with SS disease had statistically significant, and progressive, deficits in both weight and height before 2 years of age. The average deficit approached 1 SD below the normal mean for age by 9 years. Observations of skeletal maturity, based on radiologic assessment of bone age at the wrist, were made on a proportion of these children at 5 and 8 years of age. Children with SS disease were significantly retarded at 8 years but not 5 years, which is consistent with increasing deficit in height. These observations confirm the early impact of SS disease on physical development and provide standards from which clinical expectations of growth may be derived. The relevance of these findings and their relationship to the characteristic delay in pubertal development is discussed together with a review of possible etiologic factors. The benign nature of SC disease is endorsed by the absence of an effect on growth in the prepubertal child.

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE URINARY EXCRETION OF INDIVIDUAL STEROIDS IN CHILDREN FROM 8 TO 12 YEARS OLD

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. TANNER ◽  
D. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Maturity Score

SUMMARY A longitudinal study was made of the urinary excretion of a number of C19 and C21 steroids in 11 healthy boys and 9 healthy girls aged 8–12 yr. Urine collections were made every 6 months, over periods ranging from 1 to 2½ yr. in different children. The excretions of most substances showed surprisingly regular increments in individual children. Differences between individual children were marked and often consistent; some children excreted high amounts of one substance and low amounts of another, and other childen the reverse. The variation between individuals in the excretion of substances such as androsterone and aetiocholanolone was reduced when the results were plotted against skeletal rather than chronological age. DHA was excreted by all subjects, but at a very low level before the skeletal age of 10 yr. The glucuronide: sulphate ratio of the 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids fell consistently from 8 to 12 yr. whereas the ratio of 5α-: 5β-11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids increased. Boys excreted more C19 steroids than girls with the same skeletal maturity score. This comparison is physiologically more meaningful than comparing boys and girls of the same chronological age.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CONCOMITANT PATHOLOGY IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE PATIENTS WITH ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0003
Author(s):  
Laura A. Vogel ◽  
Regina O. Kostyun ◽  
J. Lee Pace ◽  
Jonathan D. Gelber ◽  
Carl W. Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Skeletally Immature ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Historically, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children were treated non-operatively with delayed surgical reconstruction. More recently, there has been increasing literature that suggests delaying surgical reconstruction after ACL injury results in inferior outcomes and increased secondary meniscal and chondral injury in young athletes. Multiple studies have focused on the rates of these concomitant injuries in young athletes, but many of these studies include older athletes nearing or at the point of skeletal maturity and few include skeletal bone age determination. Thus, the rates of concomitant pathology in skeletally immature patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of concomitant pathology found in a group of skeletally immature and compare them to a similar group of skeletally mature patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Methods: The surgical case log for four orthopaedic surgeons within the sports medicine department of a children’s hospital were reviewed over a ten-year period. Patients were grouped based on skeletal maturity; skeletally immature (SI), approaching skeletal maturity (AM), and skeletally mature (SM). Operative diagnoses were obtained from the operative reports. Patient demographics including sex, bone and chronological age as well as injury and surgical dates were collected from clinical notes. Descriptive statistics were computed for patient demographics and surgical findings. A chi square analysis was completed to understand the prevalence rate among the three groups and a logistical regression was conducted to understanding the association between timing from injury to surgery and presence of concomitant pathology. Results: Our cohort consisted of 535 patients, 66 SI patients (46 males, 20 females; avg chronological age 12.9±1.6 years; avg bone age 13.2 years), 276 AM patients (118 males, 158 females; avg chronological age 15.2±1.2 years; avg bone age 14.9 years), 193 SM patients (107 males, 86 females; avg chronological age 20.3±6.0 years). All patients in the SI group were treated with a physeal sparing technique (61 patients - hybrid sparing technique, 4 patients - femoral and tibial sparing technique, 1 patient - extra-articular reconstruction). Concomitant pathology was present in 38% of SI patients compared to 52% of AM patients and 57% of SM patients. Meniscal injury was the predominant concomitant pathology in the SI group (37.9%); only a single patient had a second ligament reconstructed in addition to their ACL. In comparison, meniscal pathology was also the predominant concomitant pathology in both the AM (48.9%) and SM (51.8%) groups along with chondral lesions (AM 2.2%, SM 3.1%) and multi-ligament injuries (AM 0.4%, SM 4.1%). Lateral meniscal injuries were seen more often than medial meniscal injuries for all groups. A statistical difference was found between groups for the prevalence of concomitant pathology, with the SI group having less than the AM group (p = 0.042) and SM group (p = 0.007). The average time from injury to surgery was shorter for SI patients, 60±43 days compared to 105±208 days (AM group) and 123±185 days (SM group). The results of the logistical regression did not show an association between days from injury to surgery and presence of concomitant pathology in the SI group, but did reveal an association for the AM (p = 0.004; OR 1.004) and SM (p = 0.013; OR 1.002) groups. Conclusion: This is the first article that compares the rates of concomitant pathology in a well-defined group of skeletally immature patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery to a skeletally mature cohort. We found that skeletally immature patients had less concomitant pathology than skeletally mature patients.

scholarly journals A quantitative method for the radiological assessment of skeletal maturity using the distal femur

2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (8) ◽  
pp. 1106-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Knapik ◽  
J. O. Sanders ◽  
A. Gilmore ◽  
D. R. Weber ◽  
D. R. Cooperman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Femur ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Central Peak ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Greulich And Pyle ◽  
Femoral Physis ◽  
Peak Value

Aims Using 90% of final height as a benchmark, we sought to develop a quick, quantitative and reproducible method of estimating skeletal maturity based on topographical changes in the distal femoral physis. Patients and Methods Serial radiographs of the distal femoral physis three years prior to, during, and two years following the chronological age associated with 90% of final height were analyzed in 81 healthy children. The distance from the tip of the central peak of the distal femoral physis to a line drawn across the physis was normalized to the physeal width. Results A total of 389 radiographs of the distal femur with corresponding Greulich and Pyle bone ages and known chronological ages were measured. Children reached 90% of final height at a mean age of 11.3 years (sd 0.8) for girls and 13.2 years (sd 0.6) for boys. Linear regression analysis showed higher correlation coefficent in predicting the true age at 90% of final height using chronological age + gender + central peak value (R2 = 0.900) than chronological age + gender (R2 = 0.879) and Greulich and Pyle bone age + gender (R2 = 0.878). Conclusion Chronological age + gender + central peak value provides more accurate prediction of 90% of final height compared with chronological age + gender and Greulich and Pyle bone age + gender. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1106–11.

Creation and Validation of a Shorthand Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Age Assessment Tool of the Knee as an Alternative Skeletal Maturity Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110329
Author(s):  
Cary S. Politzer ◽  
James D. Bomar ◽  
Hakan C. Pehlivan ◽  
Pradyumna Gurusamy ◽  
Eric W. Edmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Knee Mri ◽  
Bone Age Assessment ◽  
Hand Radiograph

Background: In managing pediatric knee conditions, an accurate bone age assessment is often critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes. Historically, the Greulich and Pyle atlas (hand atlas) has been the gold standard bone age assessment tool. In 2013, a shorthand bone age assessment tool based on this atlas (hand shorthand) was devised as a simpler and more efficient alternative. Recently, a knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bone age atlas (MRI atlas) was created to circumvent the need for a left-hand radiograph. Purpose: To create a shorthand version of the knee MRI atlas. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A shorthand bone age assessment method was created utilizing the previously published MRI atlas, which utilizes several criteria that are visualized across a series of images. The MRI shorthand draws on characteristic criteria for each age that are best observed on a single MRI scan. For validation, we performed a retrospective assessment of skeletally immature patients. One reader performed the bone age assessment using the MRI atlas and the MRI shorthand on 200 patients. Then, 4 readers performed the bone age assessment with the hand atlas, hand shorthand, MRI atlas, and MRI shorthand on a subset of 22 patients in a blinded fashion. All 22 patients had a knee MRI scan and a left-hand radiograph within 4 weeks of each other. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability, as well as variability among observers, were evaluated. Results: A total of 200 patients with a mean age of 13.5 years (range, 9.08-17.98 years) were included in this study. Also, 22 patients with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 9.0-15.6 years) had a knee MRI scan and a left-hand radiograph within 4 weeks. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of all 4 assessment tools were acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ 0.8; P < .001). When comparing the MRI shorthand with the MRI atlas, there was excellent agreement (ICC = 0.989), whereas the hand shorthand compared with the hand atlas had good agreement (ICC = 0.765). The MRI shorthand also had perfect agreement in 50% of readings among all 4 readers, and 95% of readings had agreement within 1 year, whereas the hand shorthand had perfect agreement in 32% of readings and 77% agreement within 1 year. Conclusion: The MRI shorthand is a simple and efficient means of assessing the skeletal maturity of adolescent patients with a knee MRI scan. This bone age assessment technique had interobserver and intraobserver reliability equivalent to or better than the standard method of utilizing a left-hand radiograph.

scholarly journals Bone Age for Given Maturity Score in Japanese Children Aged 1.0 to 3.2 Years

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supple6) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisafumi Matsuoka ◽  
Ayako Ikezaki ◽  
Hye Sook Kim ◽  
Kimie Yamazaki ◽  
Mitsunori Murata
Keyword(s):  
Bone Age ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Maturity Score

scholarly journals Correlation and Correspondence between Skeletal Maturation Indicators in Hand-Wrist and Cervical Vertebra Analyses and Skeletal Maturity Score in Korean Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Ji Yoon Jeon ◽  
Cheol-Soon Kim ◽  
Jung-Suk Kim ◽  
Sung-Hwan Choi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Maturity Score ◽  
Significant Difference

This retrospective observational study aimed to examine the correlation and correspondence between skeletal maturation indicators (SMI), cervical vertebral maturation indicators (CVMI), and radius-ulna-short bones (RUS) skeletal maturity scores in Korean adolescents, and to determine whether easily obtainable SMI or CVMI can replace the RUS skeletal maturity score. A total of 1017 participants were included with both hand-wrist radiograph and lateral cephalogram acquired concurrently. From the lateral cephalogram, CVMI was determined; through the hand-wrist radiograph, SMI was categorized, and the RUS skeletal maturity score was evaluated as well. Associations were examined using the Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in chronological age between males and females; however, the SMI, CVMI, and RUS skeletal maturity scores were significantly higher in females. The SMI, CVMI, and RUS skeletal maturity scores showed a statistically significant strong degree of both positive correlation and correspondence. However, a precisely corresponding RUS skeletal maturity score was difficult to obtain for a specific CVMI and SMI stage, implying the absence of a quantitative correlation. In conclusion, detailed evaluation should be conducted using the RUS skeletal maturity score, preferably in cases that require bone age determination or residual growth estimation.

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