scholarly journals Mapping the corticoreticular pathway from cortex-wide anterograde axonal tracing in the mouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierce Boyne ◽  
Oluwole O Awosika ◽  
Yu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Unilateral Injury ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anterograde Tracer ◽  
Corticoreticular Pathway

The corticoreticular pathway (CRP) has been implicated as an important mediator of motor recovery and rehabilitation after central nervous system damage. However, its origins, trajectory and laterality are not well understood. This study mapped the mouse CRP in comparison with the corticospinal tract (CST). We systematically searched the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (© 2011 Allen Institute for Brain Science) for experiments that used anterograde tracer injections into the right isocortex in mice. For each eligible experiment (N=607), CRP and CST projection strength were quantified by the tracer volume reaching the reticular formation motor nuclei (RFmotor) and pyramids respectively. Tracer density in each brain voxel was also correlated with RFmotor versus pyramids projection strength to explore the relative trajectories of the CRP and CST. We found significant CRP projections originating from the primary and secondary motor cortices, anterior cingulate, primary somatosensory cortex and medial prefrontal cortex. Compared with the CST, the CRP had stronger projections from each region except the primary somatosensory cortex. Ipsilateral projections were stronger than contralateral for both tracts (above the pyramidal decussation), but the CRP projected more bilaterally than the CST. The estimated CRP trajectory was anteromedial to the CST in the internal capsule and dorsal to the CST in the brainstem. Our findings reveal a widespread distribution of CRP origins and confirm strong bilateral CRP projections, theoretically increasing the potential for partial sparing after brain lesions and contralesional compensation after unilateral injury.

scholarly journals Dispositional empathy predicts primary somatosensory cortex activity while receiving touch by a hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaefer ◽  
Anja Kühnel ◽  
Franziska Rumpel ◽  
Matti Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Touch Perception ◽  
Trait Empathy ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
Dispositional Empathy

AbstractPrevious research revealed an active network of brain areas such as insula and anterior cingulate cortex when witnessing somebody else in pain and feeling empathy. But numerous studies also suggested a role of the somatosensory cortices for state and trait empathy. While recent studies highlight the role of the observer’s primary somatosensory cortex when seeing painful or nonpainful touch, the interaction of somatosensory cortex activity with empathy when receiving touch on the own body is unknown. The current study examines the relationship of touch related somatosensory cortex activity with dispositional empathy by employing an fMRI approach. Participants were touched on the palm of the hand either by the hand of an experimenter or by a rubber hand. We found that the BOLD responses in the primary somatosensory cortex were associated with empathy personality traits personal distress and perspective taking. This relationship was observed when participants were touched both with the experimenter’s real hand or a rubber hand. What is the reason for this link between touch perception and trait empathy? We argue that more empathic individuals may express stronger attention both to other’s human perceptions as well as to the own sensations. In this way, higher dispositional empathy levels might enhance tactile processing by top-down processes. We discuss possible implications of these findings.

Changes in mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes as seen on diffusion tensor imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Thillainadesan ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Lin Zhuang ◽  
John Crawford ◽  
Nicole Kochan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackground: Previous studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have observed microstructural abnormalities in white matter regions in both Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this work was to examine the abnormalities in white matter and subcortical regions of MCI and its subtypes in a large, community-dwelling older aged cohortMethods: A community-based sample of 396 individuals without dementia underwent medical assessment, neuropsychiatric testing, and neuroimaging. Of these, 158 subjects were classified as MCI and 238 as cognitively normal (controls) based on international MCI consensus criteria. Regional fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) measures were calculated from the DTI and compared between groups. The false discovery rate correction was applied for multiple testing.Results: Subjects with MCI did not have significant differences in FA compared with controls after correction for multiple testing, but had increased MD in the right putamen, right anterior limb of the internal capsule, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, right posterior cingulate gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right and left corona radiata. When compared with controls, changes in left anterior cingulate, left superior frontal gyrus, and right corona radiata were associated with amnestic MCI (aMCI), whereas changes in the right putamen, right anterior limb of the internal capsule, and the right corona radiata were associated with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). On logistic regression, the FA values in the left superior gyrus and MD values in the anterior cingulate distinguished aMCI from naMCI.Conclusions: MCI is associated with changes in white matter and subcortical regions as seen on DTI. Changes in some anterior brain regions distinguish aMCI from naMCI.

Reproducibility of human brain activity evoked by esophageal stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. G188-G197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Coen ◽  
Lloyd J. Gregory ◽  
Lidia Yágüez ◽  
Edson Amaro ◽  
Mick Brammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Painful Stimulation

Functional MRI is a popular tool for investigating central processing of visceral pain in healthy and clinical populations. Despite this, the reproducibility of the neural correlates of visceral sensation by use of functional MRI remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to address this issue. Seven healthy right-handed volunteers participated in the study. Blood oxygen level-dependent contrast images were acquired at 1.5 T while subjects received nonpainful and painful phasic balloon distensions (“on-off” block design, 10 stimuli per “on” period, 0.3 Hz) to the distal esophagus. This procedure was repeated on two further occasions to investigate reproducibility. Painful stimulation resulted in highly reproducible activation over three scanning sessions in the anterior insula, primary somatosensory cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. A significant decrease in strength of activation occurred from session 1 to session 3 in the anterior cingulate cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and supplementary motor cortex, which may be explained by an analogous decrease in pain ratings. Nonpainful stimulation activated similar brain regions to painful stimulation, but with greater variability in signal strength and regions of activation between scans. Painful stimulation of the esophagus produces robust activation in many brain regions. A decrease in subjective perception of pain and brain activity from the first to the final scan suggests that serial brain imaging studies may be affected by habituation. These findings indicate that for brain imaging studies that require serial scanning, development of experimental paradigms that control for the effect of habituation is necessary.

Evidence of oesophageal stimulus dependant response in the human anterior cingulate and primary somatosensory cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A672
Author(s):  
Steven J. Coen ◽  
Lloyd J. Gregory ◽  
Deanna Hall ◽  
Lidia Yaguez ◽  
Edson Amaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals Cortical Pain Processing in the Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Primary Somatosensory Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengdong Xiao ◽  
Erik Martinez ◽  
Prathamesh M. Kulkarni ◽  
Qiaosheng Zhang ◽  
Qianning Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Pain Processing

scholarly journals Neuromagnetic correlates of adaptive plasticity across the hand-face border in human primary somatosensory cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 2095-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dollyane Muret ◽  
Sébastien Daligault ◽  
Hubert R. Dinse ◽  
Claude Delpuech ◽  
Jérémie Mattout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tactile Sensations

It is well established that permanent or transient reduction of somatosensory inputs, following hand deafferentation or anesthesia, induces plastic changes across the hand-face border, supposedly responsible for some altered perceptual phenomena such as tactile sensations being referred from the face to the phantom hand. It is also known that transient increase of hand somatosensory inputs, via repetitive somatosensory stimulation (RSS) at a fingertip, induces local somatosensory discriminative improvement accompanied by cortical representational changes in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). We recently demonstrated that RSS at the tip of the right index finger induces similar training-independent perceptual learning across the hand-face border, improving somatosensory perception at the lips (Muret D, Dinse HR, Macchione S, Urquizar C, Farnè A, Reilly KT. Curr Biol 24: R736–R737, 2014). Whether neural plastic changes across the hand-face border accompany such remote and adaptive perceptual plasticity remains unknown. Here we used magnetoencephalography to investigate the electrophysiological correlates underlying RSS-induced behavioral changes across the hand-face border. The results highlight significant changes in dipole location after RSS both for the stimulated finger and for the lips. These findings reveal plastic changes that cross the hand-face border after an increase, instead of a decrease, in somatosensory inputs.

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