scholarly journals Surveillance of seasonal respiratory viruses among Chilean patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Alonso-Palomares ◽  
Joaquin Caceres ◽  
Rodrigo Tapia ◽  
Paulina Aguilera-Cortes ◽  
Santiago Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Surveillance

SARS-CoV-2 has generated over 122 million cases worldwide. Non-pharmaceuticals interventions such as confinements and lockdowns started in Chile on March 18th 2020. In Europe, confinements and lockdowns have been accompanied by a decrease in the circulation of other respiratory viruses such as Influenza A virus(IAV), Influenza B virus(IBV) or respiratory syncytial virus(RSV). Although changes in circulation patterns of respiratory viruses have been reported, limited information regarding the southern hemisphere is available where the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic merged with the winter season. We conducted viral surveillance of respiratory viruses and we evaluated their presence and establishing whether they were co-circulating with SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Performance of a Novel Point-of-Care Molecular Assay for Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Enigma MiniLab) in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam T. Douthwaite ◽  
Charlotte Walker ◽  
Elisabeth J. Adams ◽  
Catherine Mak ◽  
Andres Vecino Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Influenza

The performance of the Enigma MiniLab assay for influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared to a centralized laboratory respiratory virus panel. The positive and negative percent agreement for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and RSV were 79.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57.8 to 92.9%) and 99.4% (95% CI, 98.4 to 99.9), 100% (95% CI, 47.8 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.3 to 100%), 98.5% (95% CI, 94.6 to 99.8%) and 94.5% (95% CI, 91.9 to 96.4%), respectively.

Human coronavirus OC43 and other respiratory viruses from acute respiratory infections of Egyptian children

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Iman S. Naga ◽  
Gamal Eldin Elsawaf ◽  
Mahmoud Elzalabany ◽  
Mohamed Youssef Eltalkhawy ◽  
Ola Kader
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Respiratory infections have a significant impact on health worldwide. Viruses are major causes of acute respiratory infections among children. Limited information regarding its prevalence in Egypt is available. This study investigated prevalence of 10 respiratory viruses; Adenovirus, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Parainfluenza virus (PIV)type 1-4, enterovirus, and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) among children in Alexandria, Egypt presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infections. The study was conducted on children <14 years of age selected from ElShatby Pediatric Hospital, Alexandria University, Egypt. One hundred children presenting during winter season with influenza-like illness were eligible for the study. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected and subjected to viral RNA and DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction. Viral infections were detected in 44% of cases. Adenovirus was the most common, it was found in 19% of the patients. Prevalence of PIV (3 and 4) and enterovirus was 7% each. Prevalence of RSV and HCoV-OC43 was 5% and 3% respectively. Two percentage were Influenza A positive and 1% positive for influenza B. Mixed viral infection was observed in 7%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of HCoV-OC43 from respiratory infections in Alexandria, Egypt.

scholarly journals Clinical and Financial Benefits of Rapid Detection of Respiratory Viruses: an Outcomes Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2824-2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Barenfanger ◽  
Cheryl Drake ◽  
Nidia Leon ◽  
Tina Mueller ◽  
Tammy Troutt
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Shell Vial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Standard Techniques

To assess the expected benefits of rapid reporting of respiratory viruses, we compared patients whose samples were processed using standard techniques such as enzyme immunoassays, shell vial assays, and culture tube assays (year 1) to patients whose samples were processed with the same standard techniques in addition to immunofluorescent testing (FA) directly on cytocentrifuged samples (year 2). The cytospin FA screened for influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses 1 to 3, and adenovirus (DAKO Diagnostics Ltd.). The specificity of the cytospin FA for all viruses was 100%. The sensitivities for influenza A virus and RSV were 90 and 98%, respectively, but the sensitivities for influenza B virus and adenovirus were unacceptable (14.3 and 0%, respectively). However, since the former viruses account for >85% of our isolates from clinical specimens, the cytospin FA is an excellent screening test since the positive result was available within hours. The mean turnaround time for all positive viruses was 4.5 days in year 1 and 0.9 day in year 2 (P = 0.001). This rapid reporting resulted in physicians having access to information sooner, enabling more appropriate treatment. The mean length of stay in the hospital for inpatients with respiratory viral isolates was 10.6 days for year 1 versus 5.3 days for year 2. Mean variable costs for these patients was $7,893 in year 1 and $2,177 in year 2. After subtracting reagent costs and technological time, the savings in variable costs was $144,332/year. Summarizing, the cytospin FA markedly decreased turnaround time and was associated with decreased mortality, length of stay, and costs and with better antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals Using routine testing data to understand circulation patterns of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses in Victoria, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Price ◽  
S. G. Sullivan ◽  
C. Sutterby ◽  
J. Druce ◽  
K. S. Carville
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Several studies have reported evidence of interference between respiratory viruses: respiratory viruses rarely reach their epidemic peak concurrently and there appears to be a negative association between infection with one respiratory virus and co-infection with another. We used results spanning 16 years (2002–2017) of a routine diagnostic multiplex panel that tests for nine respiratory viruses to further investigate these interactions in Victoria, Australia. Time series analyses were used to plot the proportion positive for each virus. The seasonality of all viruses included was compared with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus using cross-correlations. Logistic regression was used to explore the likelihood of co-infection with one virus given infection with another. Seasonal peaks were observed each year for influenza A and RSV and less frequently for influenza B, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus. RSV circulated an average of 6 weeks before influenza A. Co-infection with another respiratory virus was less common with picornavirus, RSV or influenza A infection. Our findings provide further evidence of a temporal relationship in the circulation of respiratory viruses. A greater understanding of the interaction between respiratory viruses may enable better prediction of the timing and magnitude of respiratory virus epidemics.

scholarly journals Selective Inhibition of Myxovirus Replication by a Novel Series of Cholesterol-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid Hybrid Molecules

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ikeda ◽  
M.F. Wong ◽  
P. Mohan ◽  
E. De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Hybrid Molecule ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

A novel series of hybrid molecules with cholesterol and naphthalenesulfonic acid have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against myxoviruses (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza A and B virus), Naphthalenesulfonic acids (compounds 1–3) and cholesterols (compounds 4 and 5) did not inhibit myxovirus-induced cytopathic-ity. However, hybrid molecules (compounds 6 and 7) proved active against RSV and influenza A virus but not influenza B virus. The antiviral effects of the hybrid compounds 6 and 7 were comparable to those of dextran sulfate. Mixtures of naphthalenesulfonic acid and cholesteryl chloroformate (compounds 1 and 5 molecules, corresponding to the hybrid molecule 6; and compounds 2 and 5, corresponding to the hybrid molecule 7) did not show antiviral activity. The mode of action of the cholesterol-linked naphthalenesulfonic acids can be attributed to inhibition of virus-cell fusion (influenza A virus) or inhibition of both virus-cell binding and fusion (RSV).

scholarly journals Comparison of Six Sample-to-Answer Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays Using Respiratory Specimens from Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dithi Banerjee ◽  
Neena Kanwar ◽  
Ferdaus Hassan ◽  
Cynthia Essmyer ◽  
Rangaraj Selvarangan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT The rapid and accurate detection of influenza A virus (FluA), influenza B virus (FluB), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) improves patient care. Sample-to-answer (STA) platforms based on nucleic acid amplification and detection of these viruses are simple, automated, and accurate. We compared six such platforms for the detection of FluA, FluB, and RSV: Cepheid GeneXpert Xpress Flu/RSV (Xpert), Hologic Panther Fusion Flu A/B/RSV (Fusion), Cobas influenza A/B & RSV (Liat), Luminex Aries Flu A/B & RSV (Aries), BioFire FilmArray respiratory panel (RP), and Diasorin Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV (Simplexa). Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab specimens (n = 225) from children previously tested by RP were assessed on these platforms. The results were compared to those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-developed real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay for influenza A/B viruses and RSV. Subtyping for FluA and FluB was performed for discrepant analysis where applicable. The percent sensitivities/specificities for FluA detection were 100/100 (Fusion), 98.6/99.3 (Xpert), 100/100 (Liat), 98.6/100 (Aries), 98.6/100 (Simplexa), and 100/100 (RP). The percent sensitivities/specificities for FluB detection were 100/100 (Fusion), 97.9/99.4 (Xpert), 97.9/98.3 (Liat), 93.7/99.4 (Aries), 85.4/99.4 (Simplexa), and 95.8/97.7 (RP); and those for RSV detection were 98.1/99.4 (Xpert), 98.1/99.4 (Liat), 96.3/100 (Fusion), 94.4/100 (Aries), 87/94.4 (Simplexa), and 94.4/100 (RP). The 75 strains confirmed to be FluA included 29 pH1N1, 39 H3N2, 4 sH1N1, and 3 untyped strains. The 48 strains confirmed to be FluB included 33 strains of the Yamagata lineage, 13 of the Victoria lineage, 1 of both the Yamagata and Victoria lineages, and 1 of an unknown lineage. All six STA platforms demonstrated >95% sensitivity for FluA detection, while three platforms (Fusion, Xpert, and Liat) demonstrated >95% sensitivity for FluB and RSV detection.

scholarly journals The viral aetiology of influenza-like illnesses in Kampala and Entebbe, Uganda, 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Balinandi ◽  
Barnabas Bakamutumaho ◽  
John T. Kayiwa ◽  
Juliette Ongus ◽  
Joseph Oundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: As the threat of zoonoses and the emergence of pandemic-prone respiratory viruses increases, there is a need to establish baseline information on the incidence of endemic pathogens in countries worldwide.Objectives: To investigate the presence of viruses associated with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Uganda.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from patients diagnosed with ILI in Kampala and Entebbe between 14 August2008 – 15 December 2008. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting 12 respiratory viruses was used.Results: A total of 369 patients (52.3% females) was enrolled; the median age was 6 years (range1–70). One or more respiratory viruses were detected in 172 (46.6%) cases and their prevalence were influenza A virus (19.2%), adenovirus (8.7%), human rhinovirus A (7.9%), coronavirusOC43 (4.3%), parainfluenza virus 1 (2.7%), parainfluenza virus 3 (2.7%), influenza B virus (2.2%),respiratory syncytial virus B (2.2%), human metapneumovirus (1.4%), respiratory syncytialvirus A (1.1%), parainfluenza virus 2 (0.5%) and coronavirus 229E (0.5%). There were 24 (14.0%) mixed infections.Conclusions: This study identified some of the respiratory viruses associated with ILI in Uganda.The circulation of some of the viruses was previously unknown in the study population. These results are useful in order to guide future surveillance and case management strategies involving respiratory illnesses in Uganda.

scholarly journals Distribution characteristics of serum β2-microglobulin between viral and bacterial lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9814
Author(s):  
Xulong Cai ◽  
Qiaolan Xu ◽  
Chenrong Zhou ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Qijun Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Influenza

Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old around the world between 1980 and 2016. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial infection is challenging when children suffered from LRTI in the absence of pathogen detection. The aim of our study is to analyze the difference of serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) between viral LRTI and bacterial LRTI in children. Methods This retrospective study included children with LRTI caused by a single pathogen from Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into the younger group (1 year old ≤ age < 3 years old) and the older group (3 years old ≤ age < 5 years old) for subgroup analysis. Results A total of 475 children with LRTI caused by common respiratory pathogens were identified. In the younger group as well as the older group, the serum level of β2-MG in respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly increased compared to that in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae group. Compared with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection group, the serum β2-MG level of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly higher in children between 1 and 3 years old. Conclusions The serum β2-MG may distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection in children with LRTI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document