scholarly journals Humanoid robots are perceived as an evolutionary threat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengde Wei ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Jiecheng Ren ◽  
Yi Piao ◽  
Pengyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Amygdala Response ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Future Direction

In the grand challenges of successful social encounters with socially sophisticated robots and shaping the future development of robots in socially acceptable ways, we need to quantify people perception to the robots. The critical assumption at the perception to humanoid robots, namely that people perceive humanoid robots as an evolutionary threat, has not been directly confirmed. We assume the existence of behavioral and neural automaticity for humanoid robots that were previously only evident for evolutionary threats. Here, we observed a monocular advantage for the perception of humanoid robots the same as an evolutionary threat (i.e., snakes). Our neuroimaging analysis indicated that unconscious presentation of humanoid robot vs. human images led to significant left amygdala activation that was associated with negative implicit attitude to humanoid robots. After successfully weakening negative attitude, the left amygdala response to unconscious presentation of humanoid robot images decreased, and the decrease of left amygdala response was positively associated with the decrease of negative attitude. Our results reveal that processing of information about humanoid robots displays automaticity with regard to recruitment of visual pathway and amygdala activation. Our findings that humans may perceive humanoid robots as an evolutionary threat will guide the future direction of robots development and bring us closer to interacting with socially sophisticated robots.

scholarly journals How attitudes generated by humanoid robots shape human brain activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Di Cesare ◽  
F. Vannucci ◽  
F. Rea ◽  
A. Sciutti ◽  
G. Sandini
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Forms Of Vitality

Abstract During interpersonal interactions, people perform actions with different forms of vitality, communicating their positive or negative attitude toward others. For example, a handshake can be “soft” or “vigorous”, a caress can be ‘kind’ or ‘rushed’. While previous studies have shown that the dorso-central insula is a key area for the processing of human vitality forms, there is no information on the perception of vitality forms generated by a humanoid robot. In this study, two fMRI experiments were conducted in order to investigate whether and how the observation of actions generated by a humanoid robot (iCub) with low and fast velocities (Study 1) or replicating gentle and rude human forms (Study 2) may convey vitality forms eliciting the activation of the dorso-central insula. These studies showed that the observation of robotic actions, generated with low and high velocities, resulted in activation of the parieto-frontal circuit typically involved in the recognition and the execution of human actions but not of the insula (Study 1). Most interestingly, the observation of robotic actions, generated by replicating gentle and rude human vitality forms, produced a BOLD signal increase in the dorso-central insula (Study 2). In conclusion, these data highlight the selective role of dorso-central insula in the processing of vitality forms opening future perspectives on the perception and understanding of actions performed by humanoid robots.

BALANCING STRATEGY USING THE PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR A HOPPING HUMANOID ROBOT

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAEK-KYU CHO ◽  
JUNG-HOON KIM ◽  
JUN-HO OH
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Landing Position ◽  
The Future ◽  
Position Controller ◽  
Principle Of Energy Conservation ◽  
Small Disturbances

Even though many humanoid robots have been developed and they have locomotion ability, their balancing ability is not sufficient. In the future, humanoid robots will work and act within the human environment. At that time, the humanoid robot will be exposed to various disturbances. This paper proposes a balancing strategy for hopping humanoid robots against various magnitude of disturbance. The proposed balancing strategy for a hopping humanoid robot consists of two controllers, the posture balance controller and the landing position controller. The posture balance controller is used for small disturbances, and its role is to maintain stability by controlling the ankle torque of the robot. On the other hand, if disturbance is large, the landing position controller, which changes the landing position of the swing foot, works with the posture balance controller simultaneously. In this way, the landing position controller reduces large disturbances, and the posture balance controller controls the remaining disturbances. The landing position controller is derived by the principle of energy conservation. An experiment conducted with a real humanoid robot, HUBO2, verifies the proposed method. HUBO2 made a stable and continuous hopping action with the proposed balancing strategy overcoming various disturbances placed in the way of the robot.

Characteristics of Asian Mosquito Saliva Allergens for Specific Diagnoses and Effective Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soung-Hoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mosquito Saliva ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Direction

An allergic reaction to mosquitoes can result in severe or abnormal local or systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and general urticarial or wheezing. The aim of this review is to provide information on mosquito saliva allergens that can support the production of highly specific recombinant saliva allergens. In particular, candidate allergens of mosquitoes that are well suited to the ecology of mosquitoes that occur mainly in East Asia will be identified and introduced. By doing so, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe sensitivity to mosquito allergy will be improved by predicting the characteristics of East Asian mosquito allergy, presenting the future direction of production of recombinant allergens, and understanding the difference between East and West.

A Conversation on Student Affairs Scholarship

NASPA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Student Affairs ◽  
Electronic Format ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Journal Editorial ◽  
Future Direction

For the past 18 months the NASPA Journal Editorial Board has been engaged in an ongoing conversation about the future direction of the Journal. Among the issues we have discussed are: What should comprise the content of the Journal?, How do we decide when or if we will move the Journal to an electronic format?, What do our members want in the Journal?, and What type of scholarship should we be publishing? The last question — What type of scholarship should we be publishing? — led to an energetic conversation within the Editorial Board.

Humans and humanoids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Metta
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Robot Vision ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Humanoid Robotics ◽  
Biomimetic Robot ◽  
Compliant Actuation

This chapter outlines a number of research lines that, starting from the observation of nature, attempt to mimic human behavior in humanoid robots. Humanoid robotics is one of the most exciting proving grounds for the development of biologically inspired hardware and software—machines that try to recreate billions of years of evolution with some of the abilities and characteristics of living beings. Humanoids could be especially useful for their ability to “live” in human-populated environments, occupying the same physical space as people and using tools that have been designed for people. Natural human–robot interaction is also an important facet of humanoid research. Finally, learning and adapting from experience, the hallmark of human intelligence, may require some approximation to the human body in order to attain similar capacities to humans. This chapter focuses particularly on compliant actuation, soft robotics, biomimetic robot vision, robot touch, and brain-inspired motor control in the context of the iCub humanoid robot.

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A 1-DOF ANTHROPOMORPHIC CLUTCHED ARM FOR HUMANOID ROBOTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 157-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAO GU ◽  
MARCO CECCARELLI ◽  
GIUSEPPE CARBONE
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
User Friendly

In this paper, problems for an anthropomorphic robot arm are approached for an application in a humanoid robot with the specific features of cost oriented design and user-friendly operation. One DOF solution is proposed by using a suitable combination of gearing systems, clutches, and linkages. Models and dynamic simulations are used both for designing the system and checking the operation feasibility.

scholarly journals User-centred design of humanoid robots’ communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Sofia Thunberg ◽  
Tom Ziemke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Ideas

AbstractInteraction between humans and robots will benefit if people have at least a rough mental model of what a robot knows about the world and what it plans to do. But how do we design human-robot interactions to facilitate this? Previous research has shown that one can change people’s mental models of robots by manipulating the robots’ physical appearance. However, this has mostly not been done in a user-centred way, i.e. without a focus on what users need and want. Starting from theories of how humans form and adapt mental models of others, we investigated how the participatory design method, PICTIVE, can be used to generate design ideas about how a humanoid robot could communicate. Five participants went through three phases based on eight scenarios from the state-of-the-art tasks in the RoboCup@Home social robotics competition. The results indicate that participatory design can be a suitable method to generate design concepts for robots’ communication in human-robot interaction.

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