Humans and humanoids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Metta
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Robot Vision ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Humanoid Robotics ◽  
Biomimetic Robot ◽  
Compliant Actuation

This chapter outlines a number of research lines that, starting from the observation of nature, attempt to mimic human behavior in humanoid robots. Humanoid robotics is one of the most exciting proving grounds for the development of biologically inspired hardware and software—machines that try to recreate billions of years of evolution with some of the abilities and characteristics of living beings. Humanoids could be especially useful for their ability to “live” in human-populated environments, occupying the same physical space as people and using tools that have been designed for people. Natural human–robot interaction is also an important facet of humanoid research. Finally, learning and adapting from experience, the hallmark of human intelligence, may require some approximation to the human body in order to attain similar capacities to humans. This chapter focuses particularly on compliant actuation, soft robotics, biomimetic robot vision, robot touch, and brain-inspired motor control in the context of the iCub humanoid robot.

scholarly journals Humanoid Robot: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2884-2894
Author(s):  
Dr. S. V. Viraktamath
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Biped Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Humanoid Robotics ◽  
The One

Abstract: Technology is ever evolving regardless of the current conditions. Emerging technologies have capability to change the world. Innovation is everywhere we look. One of the technologies that is emerging is Humanoid Robotics. This paper gives a review about influence of Humanoid Robot in human life also discuss the appearance of various robots. Artists, engineers and scientists have all been inspired by the human body and intellect. Humanoid Robotics is focused with the creation of robots that are inspired directly by human abilities. A humanoid robot is the one with a body that is designed to look like a human. Humanoid Robots imitate characteristics of human form and behaviour selectively. The robot could be used for practical purposes, such as interacting with human equipment and environments or for research purposes, such as investigating biped walking. Keywords: Biped Robot, Degrees of Freedom, Humanoid Robot, Human-Robot Interaction

scholarly journals User-centred design of humanoid robots’ communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Sofia Thunberg ◽  
Tom Ziemke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Ideas

AbstractInteraction between humans and robots will benefit if people have at least a rough mental model of what a robot knows about the world and what it plans to do. But how do we design human-robot interactions to facilitate this? Previous research has shown that one can change people’s mental models of robots by manipulating the robots’ physical appearance. However, this has mostly not been done in a user-centred way, i.e. without a focus on what users need and want. Starting from theories of how humans form and adapt mental models of others, we investigated how the participatory design method, PICTIVE, can be used to generate design ideas about how a humanoid robot could communicate. Five participants went through three phases based on eight scenarios from the state-of-the-art tasks in the RoboCup@Home social robotics competition. The results indicate that participatory design can be a suitable method to generate design concepts for robots’ communication in human-robot interaction.

scholarly journals Using Gestures to Resolve Lexical Ambiguity in Storytelling with Humanoid Robots

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Catelyn Scholl ◽  
Susan McRoy
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Lexical Ambiguity ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Post Test

Gestures that co-occur with speech are a fundamental component of communication. Prior research with children suggests that gestures may help them to resolve certain forms of lexical ambiguity, including homophones. To test this idea in the context of human-robot interaction, the effects of iconic and deictic gestures on the understanding of homophones was assessed in an experiment where a humanoid robot told a short story containing pairs of homophones to small groups of young participants, accompanied by either expressive gestures or no gestures. Both groups of subjects completed a pretest and post-test to measure their ability to discriminate between pairs of homophones and we calculated aggregated precision. The results show that the use of iconic and deictic gestures aids in general understanding of homophones, providing additional evidence for the importance of gesture to the development of children’s language and communication skills.

scholarly journals Emotion based human-robot interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Berns ◽  
Zuhair Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Machine Interaction

Human-machine interaction is a major challenge in the development of complex humanoid robots. In addition to verbal communication the use of non-verbal cues such as hand, arm and body gestures or mimics can improve the understanding of the intention of the robot. On the other hand, by perceiving such mechanisms of a human in a typical interaction scenario the humanoid robot can adapt its interaction skills in a better way. In this work, the perception system of two social robots, ROMAN and ROBIN of the RRLAB of the TU Kaiserslautern, is presented in the range of human-robot interaction.

Socially Interactive Robotic Platforms as Sign Language Tutors

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Kose ◽  
Neziha Akalin ◽  
Pinar Uluer
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Robot Platform

This paper investigates the role of interaction and communication kinesics in human–robot interaction. This study is part of a novel research project on sign language (SL) tutoring through interaction games with humanoid robots. The main goal is to motivate the children with communication problems to understand and imitate the signs implemented by the robot using basic upper torso gestures and sound. We present an empirical and exploratory study investigating the effect of basic nonverbal gestures consisting of hand movements, body and face gestures expressed by a humanoid robot, and having comprehended the word, the participants will give relevant feedback in SL. This way the participant is both a passive observer and an active imitator throughout the learning process in different phases of the game. A five-fingered R3 robot platform and a three-fingered Nao H-25 robot are employed within the games. Vision-, sound-, touch- and motion-based cues are used for multimodal communication between the robot, child and therapist/parent within the study. This paper presents the preliminary results of the proposed game tested with adult participants. The aim is to evaluate the SL learning ability of participants from a robot, and compare different robot platforms within this setup.

Designing robot behavior in human robot interaction based on emotion expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wei ◽  
Jing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Robot Behavior ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to deal with the problem of designing robot behaviors (mainly to robotic arms) to express emotions. The authors study the effects of robot behaviors from our humanoid robot NAO on the subject’s emotion expression in human–robot interaction (HRI). Design/methodology/approach A method to design robot behavior through the movement primitives is proposed. Then, a novel dimensional affective model is built. Finally, the concept of action semantics is adopted to combine the robot behaviors with emotion expression. Findings For the evaluation of this combination, the authors assess positive (excited and happy) and negative (frightened and sad) emotional patterns on 20 subjects which are divided into two groups (whether they were familiar with robots). The results show that the recognition of the different emotion patterns does not have differences between the two groups and the subjects could recognize the robot behaviors with emotions. Practical implications Using affective models to guide robots’ behavior or express their intentions is highly beneficial in human–robot interaction. The authors think about several applications of the emotional motion: improve efficiency in HRI, direct people during disasters, better understanding with human partners or help people perform their tasks better. Originality/value This paper presents a method to design robot behaviors with emotion expression. Meanwhile, a similar methodology can be used in other parts (leg, torso, head and so on) of humanoid robots or non-humanoid robots, such as industrial robots.

scholarly journals A review of mobile robots: Concepts, methods, theoretical framework, and applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172988141983959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rubio ◽  
Francisco Valero ◽  
Carlos Llopis-Albert
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Robot Vision ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Service Robotics ◽  
Wheeled Mobile Robots ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Robot Interfaces

Humanoid robots, unmanned rovers, entertainment pets, drones, and so on are great examples of mobile robots. They can be distinguished from other robots by their ability to move autonomously, with enough intelligence to react and make decisions based on the perception they receive from the environment. Mobile robots must have some source of input data, some way of decoding that input, and a way of taking actions (including its own motion) to respond to a changing world. The need to sense and adapt to an unknown environment requires a powerful cognition system. Nowadays, there are mobile robots that can walk, run, jump, and so on like their biological counterparts. Several fields of robotics have arisen, such as wheeled mobile robots, legged robots, flying robots, robot vision, artificial intelligence, and so on, which involve different technological areas such as mechanics, electronics, and computer science. In this article, the world of mobile robots is explored including the new trends. These new trends are led by artificial intelligence, autonomous driving, network communication, cooperative work, nanorobotics, friendly human–robot interfaces, safe human–robot interaction, and emotion expression and perception. Furthermore, these news trends are applied to different fields such as medicine, health care, sports, ergonomics, industry, distribution of goods, and service robotics. These tendencies will keep going their evolution in the coming years.

scholarly journals Extending NGOMSL Model for Human-Humanoid Robot Interaction in the Soccer Robotics Domain

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Elara Mohan ◽  
Carlos Antonio Acosta Calderon ◽  
Changjiu Zhou ◽  
Pik Kong Yue
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Commercial Markets

In the field of human-computer interaction, the Natural Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules Language (NGOMSL) model is one of the most popular methods for modelling knowledge and cognitive processes for rapid usability evaluation. The NGOMSL model is a description of the knowledge that a user must possess to operate the system represented as elementary actions for effective usability evaluations. In the last few years, mobile robots have been exhibiting a stronger presence in commercial markets and very little work has been done with NGOMSL modelling for usability evaluations in the human-robot interaction discipline. This paper focuses on extending the NGOMSL model for usability evaluation of human-humanoid robot interaction in the soccer robotics domain. The NGOMSL modelled human-humanoid interaction design of Robo-Erectus Junior was evaluated and the results of the experiments showed that the interaction design was able to find faults in an average time of 23.84 s. Also, the interaction design was able to detect the fault within the 60 s in 100% of the cases. The Evaluated Interaction design was adopted by our Robo-Erectus Junior version of humanoid robots in the RoboCup 2007 humanoid soccer league.

COLLABORATING WITH HUMANOID ROBOTS IN SPACE

2005 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD SOFGE ◽  
MAGDALENA BUGAJSKA ◽  
J. GREGORY TRAFTON ◽  
DENNIS PERZANOWSKI ◽  
SCOTT THOMAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Gesture Understanding ◽  
High Level

One of the great challenges of putting humanoid robots into space is developing cognitive capabilities for the robots with an interface that allows human astronauts to collaborate with the robots as naturally and efficiently as they would with other astronauts. In this joint effort with NASA and the entire Robonaut team, we are integrating natural language and gesture understanding, spatial reasoning incorporating such features as human–robot perspective taking, and cognitive model-based understanding to achieve a high level of human–robot interaction. Building greater autonomy into the robot frees the human operator(s) from focusing strictly on the demands of operating the robot, and instead allows the possibility of actively collaborating with the robot to focus on the task at hand. By using shared representations between the human and robot, and enabling the robot to assume the perspectives of the human, the humanoid robot may become a more effective collaborator with a human astronaut for achieving mission objectives in space.

scholarly journals Determining Shape and Size of Personal Space of a Human when Passed by a Robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot M. E. Neggers ◽  
Raymond H. Cuijpers ◽  
Peter A. M. Ruijten ◽  
Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Autonomous Mobile Robots ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Navigation Algorithms ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractAutonomous mobile robots that operate in environments with people are expected to be able to deal with human proxemics and social distances. Previous research investigated how robots can approach persons or how to implement human-aware navigation algorithms. However, experimental research on how robots can avoid a person in a comfortable way is largely missing. The aim of the current work is to experimentally determine the shape and size of personal space of a human passed by a robot. In two studies, both a humanoid as well as a non-humanoid robot were used to pass a person at different sides and distances, after which they were asked to rate their perceived comfort. As expected, perceived comfort increases with distance. However, the shape was not circular: passing at the back of a person is more uncomfortable compared to passing at the front, especially in the case of the humanoid robot. These results give us more insight into the shape and size of personal space in human–robot interaction. Furthermore, they can serve as necessary input to human-aware navigation algorithms for autonomous mobile robots in which human comfort is traded off with efficiency goals.

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