scholarly journals Tomato CRABS CLAW paralogues interact with chromatin remodelling factors to mediate carpel development and floral determinacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Castañeda ◽  
Estela Gimenez ◽  
Benito Pineda ◽  
Begoña García-Sogo ◽  
Ana Ortíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Chromatin Remodelling ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Chromatin Remodelling Complex ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Carpel Development

CRABS CLAW (CRC) orthologues play a crucial role in floral meristem (FM) determinacy and gynoecium formation across angiosperms, key developmental processes for ensuring successful plant reproduction and crop production. Here, we revealed that the incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of the carpel-inside-carpel phenotype observed in flowers of the tomato fruit iterative growth (fig) mutant is due to a lack of function of a homologue of the CRC gene, Solanum lycopersicum CRCa (SlCRCa). Likewise, a comprehensive functional analysis of SlCRCa and SlCRCb paralogues, including Arabidopsis complementation experiments, allowed us to propose that they operate as positive regulators of FM determinacy by acting in a compensatory and partially redundant manner to safeguard the proper formation of flowers and fruits. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for the role of putative CRC orthologues as members of the chromatin remodelling complex that terminates floral stem cell activity by repressing WUSCHEL expression.

scholarly journals Role of Microparticles as Messengers Enhancing Stem Cell Activity After Genetic Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa A. Liehn ◽  
Octavian Bucur ◽  
Christian Weber
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Stem Cell Activity

scholarly journals The Role of Smoothened in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Shyang Jeng ◽  
I-Shyan Sheen ◽  
Chuen-Miin Leu ◽  
Ping-Hui Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Fang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Smoothened (SMO) belongs to the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, migration, invasion and stem cells in cancer. The HH signaling pathway includes both canonical and noncanonical pathways. The canonical HH pathway functions through major HH molecules such as HH ligands, PTCH, SMO and GLI, whereas the noncanonical HH pathway involves the activation of SMO or GLI through other pathways. The role of SMO has been discussed in different types of cancer, including breast, liver, pancreatic and colon cancers. SMO expression correlates with tumor size, invasiveness, metastasis and recurrence. In addition, SMO inhibitors can suppress cancer formation, reduce the proliferation of cancer cells, trigger apoptosis and suppress cancer stem cell activity. A better understanding of the role of SMO in cancer could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

MicroRNAs 221 and 222 Inhibit Normal Erythropoiesis and Erythroleukemic Cell Growth Via Kit Receptor Downmodulation.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 830-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Felli ◽  
Laura Fontana ◽  
Elvira Pelosi ◽  
Rosanna Botta ◽  
Desirée Bonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Kit Receptor ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Erythroleukemic Cell ◽  
Erythroleukemic Cell Line

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression primarily through translational repression. In unilineage erythropoietic (E) culture of cord blood (CB) CD34+ progenitor cells, the level of miR 221 and 222 is gradually and sharply downmodulated. Hypothetically, this decline could promote erythropoiesis by unblocking expression of key functional proteins. Our studies indicate that miR 221 and 222 target the Kit receptor: specifically, (a) the luciferase targeting assay showed that miR 221 and 222 directly interact with the 3′UTR of Kit mRNA; (b) in E culture the miR 221 and 222 level is inversely related to Kit protein expression, whereas the abundance of Kit mRNA is relatively stable. Functional studies show that treatment of CD34+ cells with miR 221 and 222, via oligonucleotide transfection or lentiviral vector infection, causes impaired proliferation and accelerated differentiation of E cells, coupled with downmodulation of Kit protein: this phenomenon, observed in E culture releasing endogenous Kit ligand (KL), is magnified in E culture supplemented with KL. Furthermore, transplantation experiments into NOD-SCID mice reveal that miR 221 or 222 treatment of CD34+ cells impairs their engraftment capacity and stem cell activity. Finally, miR 221 and 222 gene transfer impairs proliferation of the TF1 erythroleukemic cell line, expressing the Kit receptor. Altogether, our studies indicate that in human erythropoiesis the decline of miR 221 and 222 unblocks Kit protein production at translational level, thus leading to expansion of early E cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR 221 and 222 inhibits proliferation of Kit+ erythroleukemic cells, suggesting a potential role of these microRNAs in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihang Hou ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jingxi Huang ◽  
Chaoyong Liao ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract The renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium depend on the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Although previous work has established that exogenous nutrients regulate adult stem cell activity, little is known about the regulatory effect of L-arginine on ISCs. In this study we utilize mice and small intestinal (SI) organoid models to clarify the role of L-arginine on epithelial differentiation of ISCs. We show that L-arginine increases expansion of ISCs in mice. Furthermore, CD90+ intestinal stromal cells augment stem-cell function in response to L-arginine in co-culture experiments. Mechanistically, we find that L-arginine stimulates Wnt2b secretion by CD90+ stromal cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and that blocking Wnt2b production prevents L-arginine-induced ISC expansion. Finally, we show that L-arginine treatment protects the gut in response to injury. Our findings highlight an important role for CD90+ stromal cells in L-arginine-stimulated ISC expansion.

scholarly journals Role of Neural Stem Cell Activity in Postweaning Development of the Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus of the Preoptic Area in Rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen He ◽  
Sherry A. Ferguson ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
L. John Greenfield ◽  
Merle G. Paule
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus

scholarly journals The role of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex ATPase subunit - BRM in TNBC

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. viii672
Author(s):  
I. Jancewicz ◽  
N. Rusetska ◽  
A. Armatowska ◽  
M. Stachowiak ◽  
K. Pogoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodelling ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Chromatin Remodelling Complex
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