scholarly journals Normalizing automatic spinal cord cross-sectional area measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bedard ◽  
Julien Cohen-Adad
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Spinal Cord Atrophy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subject Variability

Spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) is a relevant biomarker to assess spinal cord atrophy in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the considerable inter-subject variability among healthy participants currently limits its usage. Previous studies explored factors contributing to the variability, yet the normalization models were based on a relatively limited number of participants (typically < 300 participants), required manual intervention, and were not implemented in an open-access comprehensive analysis pipeline. Another limitation is related to the imprecise prediction of the spinal levels when using vertebral levels as a reference; a question never addressed before in the search for a normalization method. In this study we implemented a method to measure CSA automatically from a spatial reference based on the central nervous system (the pontomedullary junction, PMJ), we investigated various factors to explain variability, and we developed normalization strategies on a large cohort (N=804). Cervical spinal cord CSA was computed on T1w MRI scans for 804 participants from the UK Biobank database. In addition to computing cross-sectional at the C2-C3 vertebral disc, it was also measured at 64 mm caudal from the PMJ. The effect of various biological, demographic and anatomical factors was explored by computing Pearson's correlation coefficients. A stepwise linear regression found significant predictors; the coefficients of the best fit model were used to normalize CSA. The correlation between CSA measured at C2-C3 and using the PMJ was y = 0.98x + 1.78 (R2 = 0.97). The best normalization model included thalamus volume, brain volume, sex and interaction between brain volume and sex. With this model, the coefficient of variation went down from 10.09% (without normalization) to 8.59%, a reduction of 14.85%. In this study we identified factors explaining inter-subject variability of spinal cord CSA over a large cohort of participants, and developed a normalization model to reduce the variability. We implemented an approach, based on the PMJ, to measure CSA to overcome limitations associated with the vertebral reference. This approach warrants further validation, especially in longitudinal cohorts. The PMJ-based method and normalization models are readily available in the Spinal Cord Toolbox.

scholarly journals Cervical Spinal Cord Atrophy can be Accurately Quantified Using Head Images

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205521732110707
Author(s):  
Kamyar Taheri ◽  
Irene M Vavasour ◽  
Shawna Abel ◽  
Lisa Eunyoung Lee ◽  
Poljanka Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Spinal Cord Atrophy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Area Measure

Background Spinal cord atrophy provides a clinically relevant metric for monitoring MS. However, the spinal cord is imaged far less frequently than brain due to artefacts and acquisition time, whereas MRI of the brain is routinely performed. Objective To validate spinal cord cross-sectional area measurements from routine 3DT1 whole-brain MRI versus those from dedicated cord MRI in healthy controls and people with MS. Methods We calculated cross-sectional area at C1 and C2/3 using T2*-weighted spinal cord images and 3DT1 brain images, for 28 healthy controls and 73 people with MS. Correlations for both groups were assessed between: (1) C1 and C2/3 using cord images; (2) C1 from brain and C1 from cord; and (3) C1 from brain and C2/3 from cord. Results and Conclusion C1 and C2/3 from cord were strongly correlated in controls ( r = 0.94, p<0.0001) and MS ( r = 0.85, p<0.0001). There was strong agreement between C1 from brain and C2/3 from cord in controls ( r = 0.84, p<0.0001) and MS ( r = 0.81, p<0.0001). This supports the use of C1 cross-sectional area calculated from brain imaging as a surrogate for the traditional C2/3 cross-sectional area measure for spinal cord atrophy.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis for the Selection of Microtitanium Plates with Different Specifications for use in a Cervical Vertebral Dome Expansion Laminoplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Run-tian ◽  
Zhao Yi-bo ◽  
Lu Xiang-dong ◽  
Zhao Xiao-feng ◽  
Wang Xiao-nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Backgrounds: Cervical vertebral dome expansion laminoplasty is a new surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylosis. We analyzed correlations between the selection of microtitanium plates with different specifications for use in a cervical vertebral dome expansion laminoplasty to establish guidance for the selection of suitable microtitanium plates.Methods: Sixteen patients that underwent the new, full lamina posterior spinal canal enlargement with a cervical spinal stenosis angioplasty procedure for treatment of their cervical spinal cords were recruited at our hospital. From February 2017-September 2018, medical records confirmed that all patients underwent cervical CT and MRI tests pre- and postsurgery. The anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal, changes in the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal, and the pre- and postsurgery distance of the cervical spinal cord after applying microtitanium plates with different lengths were measured by Mimics version 17.0 software. A statistical regression and correlation analysis of relevant specification parameters of the microtitanium plate was then studied.Results: As the size of the microtitanium plate increased, we found that the cross-sectional area of cervical spinal canal and distance between the descendants of the lamina and the distance of cervical spinal cord concordantly increased. The regression equation associated with sagittal diameter, cross-sectional area, and posterior movement distance of the cervical spinal cord was obtained.Conclusions: The use of the corresponding regression equations enabled the prediction of the cervical spinal canal parameters and posterior movement distance of the cervical spinal cord when adopting different specifications of the microtitanium plate for different segments of the cervical vertebrae. This analysis guided the selection of microtitanium plates with appropriate specifications for different cervical vertebrae in a cervical vertebral dome expansion laminoplasty.

Effect of electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord on blood flow following subarachnoid hemorrhage

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Yul Lee ◽  
Dah-Luen Huang ◽  
Richard Keep ◽  
Oren Sagher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Object Cervical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) increases global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ameliorates cerebral ischemia according to a number of experimental models as well as some anecdotal reports in humans. Nonetheless, such stimulation has not been systematically applied for use in cerebral vasospasm. In the present study the authors examined the effect of cervical SCS on cerebral vasoconstriction in a double-hemorrhage model in rats. Methods Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was induced with 2 blood injections through an indwelling catheter in the cisterna magna. Spinal cord stimulation was applied 90 minutes after induction of the second SAH (Day 0) or on Day 5 post-SAH. Measurements of the basilar artery (BA) diameter and cross-sectional area and regional CBF (using laser Doppler flowmetry and 14C-radiolabeled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride) were obtained and compared between SAH and sham-operated control rats that did not receive SCS. Results At Day 0 after SAH, there were slight nonsignificant decreases in BA diameter and cross-sectional area (89 ± 3% and 81 ± 4%, respectively, of that in controls) in no-SCS rats. At this time point, BA diameter and crosssectional area were slightly increased (116 ± 6% and 132 ± 9%, respectively, compared with controls, p < 0.001) in SCS-treated rats. On Day 5 after SAH, no-SCS rats had marked decreases in BA diameter and cross-sectional area (64 ± 3% and 39 ± 4%, respectively, compared with controls, p < 0.001) and corrugation of the vessel wall. These changes were reversed in rats that had received SCS (diameter, 110 ± 9% of controls; area, 106 ± 4% of controls; p < 0.001). Subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced CBF at Days 0 and 5 post-SAH, and SCS increased flows at both time points, particularly in regions supplied by the middle cerebral artery. Conclusions Data in this study showed that SCS can reverse BA constriction and improve global CBF in this SAH model. Spinal cord stimulation may represent a useful adjunct in the treatment of vasospasm.

scholarly journals MRI Measurement of Upper Cervical Spinal Cord Cross‐Sectional Area in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Nico Papinutto ◽  
Christian Cordano ◽  
Carlo Asteggiano ◽  
Eduardo Caverzasi ◽  
Maria Luisa Mandelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Cervical

CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY HABITUS AND CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF RIBS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Takahashi ◽  
Harold M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Habitus ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Relationship

A correlation study was performed of the relationship between the total cross-sectional area of the fifth, sixth, or seventh rib in its middle third, and the height, weight, and sex of its owner. The study involved 115 metabolically normal people and yielded high correlation coefficients between the calculated and observed total rib cross-sectional areas of 60 males and 55 females. It is suggested that the total cross-sectional area at a standard bone sampling site be used as a basis for normalizing measures of the severity of osteoporosis. This would allow one to make improved comparisons of the severity of osteoporosis between persons of different body habitus and sex.

scholarly journals Dehydration affects spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects

Spinal Cord ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wang ◽  
R C Tam ◽  
E Mackie ◽  
D K B Li ◽  
A L Traboulsee
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional
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