scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium abscessus complex in non-cystic fibrosis patients in Japan and Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunori Yoshida ◽  
Jung-Yien Chien ◽  
Kozo Morimoto ◽  
Takeshi Kinjo ◽  
Akio Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus Complex ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is an emerging non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Specific MABC clones are reportedly spreading globally in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, however, associated genomic epidemiology studies are lacking in East Asia. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data for MABC isolates from 220 pre-treatment, non-CF patients in Japan and Taiwan revealed that 112/220, 105/220, and 3/220 were M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (ABS), M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (MAS), and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii (BOL), respectively. No significant differences in subspecies composition were noted based on location. Moreover, >50% of ABS and >70% of MAS were related to four predominant clones in the region. Known mutations conferring acquired macrolide resistance were rare (1.4%) and not enriched in the predominant clones. Conversely, the macrolide-susceptible erm(41) T28C mutation was significantly enriched in one predominant ABS clone. The most predominant ABS clone was genetically related to the dominant circulating clone (DCC). Hence, we have clarified the relationship between the predominant clones in Japan and Taiwan, and those reported in the international CF patient community. Our results provide insights regarding the genetic characteristics of globally dominant and area-specific strains isolated from patients with or without CF, as well as differences between globally spread and regionally-specific strains.

scholarly journals Decontamination Strategies Used for AFB Culture Significantly Reduce the Viability of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex in Sputum Samples from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
Dominic Stephenson ◽  
Audrey Perry ◽  
Andrew Nelson ◽  
Ali E. Robb ◽  
Matthew F. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Quantitative Culture ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus Complex ◽  
Oxalic Acids

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are important respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For diagnosis, international guidelines recommend culture of sputum that has been decontaminated via chemical treatment. Fifty-six sputum samples from 32 patients known to be previously colonized or infected with NTM were subdivided, and the aliquots were subjected to six different decontamination strategies, followed by quantitative culture for NTM. Thirty sputum samples contained Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) and 11 contained Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Decontamination strategies included treatment with N-acetyl L-cysteine with 2% sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH), 4% NaOH, 1% chlorhexidine, 0.5 N sulfuric acid, 5% oxalic acid, double decontamination with NALC-NaOH, followed by 5% oxalic acid, and saline (0.85%) as a control. The samples were also cultured directly with no treatment. Treatment with NALC-NaOH resulted in an average reduction in colony count of 87% for MABSC when compared with direct culture. NaOH at 4% caused a 98.3% average reduction in colony count. All treatments that included NaOH resulted in colony counts that were statistically lower than those obtained from direct culture or the saline-treated control (p < 0.05). Standard treatments using sulfuric or oxalic acids were less deleterious, but still resulted in an average reduction in colony count of at least 30%. The viability of MAC was much less affected by most decontamination treatments. In conclusion, the viability of MABSC was severely compromised by standard decontamination regimens. This supports recent evidence showing that optimal recovery of MABSC is achieved by culture on an appropriate selective agar without decontamination of sputum samples.

scholarly journals P058 Prevalence of shared Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) in the Queensland cystic fibrosis population

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. S75
Author(s):  
R.E. Stockwell ◽  
L.E.X. Leong ◽  
N.E. Wheeler ◽  
J.M. Bryant ◽  
M.E. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus Complex ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Population

scholarly journals The role of genomics in understanding COVID-19 outbreaks in long term care facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Aggarwal ◽  
Richard Myers ◽  
William L. Hamilton ◽  
Tehmina Bharucha ◽  
Niamh Tumelty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

A review was undertaken of all genomic epidemiology studies on COVID-19 in long term care facilities (LTCF) that have been published to date. It was found that staff and residents were usually infected with identical, or near identical, SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Outbreaks usually involved one predominant lineage, and the same lineages persisted in LTCFs despite infection control measures. Outbreaks were most commonly due to single or few introductions followed by spread rather than a series of seeding events from the community into LTCFs. Sequencing of samples taken consecutively from the same cases showed persistence of the same genome sequence indicating that the sequencing technique was robust over time. When combined with local epidemiology, genomics facilitated likely transmission sources to be better characterised. Transmission between LTCFs was detected in multiple studies. The mortality rate amongst residents was high in all cases, regardless of the lineage. Bioinformatics methods were inadequate in one third of the studies reviewed, and reproducing the analyses was difficult as sequencing data were not available in many cases.

The importance of early diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus complex in patients with cystic fibrosis

Apmis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (12) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie Ravnholt ◽  
Mette Kolpen ◽  
Marianne Skov ◽  
Claus Moser ◽  
Terese L. Katzenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus Complex
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