scholarly journals Globally elevated excitation-inhibition ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and below-average intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya O Manyukhina ◽  
Andrey O Prokofyev ◽  
Ilia A Galuta ◽  
Dzerassa E Goiaeva ◽  
Tatiana S Obukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Spectral Slope ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Eyes Open

BACKGROUND: An altered balance of neuronal excitation and inhibition (E-I balance) might be implicated in the co-occurrence of autism and intellectual disability, but this hypothesis has never been tested. E-I balance changes can be estimated from the spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f neural activity. Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with and without intellectual disability. METHODS: MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6-15 years with a broad range of IQs, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the LCMV beamformer approach. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function in to the log-log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range. RESULTS: The grand averaged 1/f slope was steeper in the eyes closed than in the eyes open condition, but had high rank-order stability between them. In line with the previous research, the slope flattened with age. Children with ASD and below-average (<85) IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity. CONCLUSIONS: The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E-I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible non-invasive biomarker of the E-I ratio for translational research and making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness.

scholarly journals Trends in Special Education Eligibility Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2002-2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rubenstein ◽  
Julie Daniels ◽  
Laura A. Schieve ◽  
Deborah L. Christensen ◽  
Kim Van Naarden Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Special Education Eligibility ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective: Although data on publicly available special education are informative and offer a glimpse of trends in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and use of educational services, using these data for population-based public health monitoring has drawbacks. Our objective was to evaluate trends in special education eligibility among 8-year-old children with ASD identified in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Methods: We used data from 5 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network sites (Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, and North Carolina) during 4 surveillance years (2002, 2006, 2008, and 2010) and compared trends in 12 categories of special education eligibility by sex and race/ethnicity. We used multivariable linear risk regressions to evaluate how the proportion of children with a given eligibility changed over time. Results: Of 6010 children with ASD, more than 36% did not receive an autism eligibility in special education in each surveillance year. From surveillance year 2002 to surveillance year 2010, autism eligibility increased by 3.6 percentage points ( P = .09), and intellectual disability eligibility decreased by 4.6 percentage points ( P < .001). A greater proportion of boys than girls had an autism eligibility in 2002 (56.3% vs 48.8%). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, Hispanic children had the largest increase in proportion with autism eligibility from 2002 to 2010 (15.4%, P = .005) and the largest decrease in proportion with intellectual disability (–14.3%, P = .004). Conclusion: Although most children with ASD had autism eligibility, many received special education services under other categories, and racial/ethnic disparities persisted. To monitor trends in ASD prevalence, public health officials need access to comprehensive data collected systematically, not just special education eligibility.

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Children With Intellectual Disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette L. Tonnsen ◽  
Andrea D. Boan ◽  
Catherine C. Bradley ◽  
Jane Charles ◽  
Amy Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Carolina Population ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often co-occur with intellectual disability (ID) and are associated with poorer psychosocial and family-related outcomes than ID alone. The present study examined the prevalence, stability, and characteristics of ASD estimates in 2,208 children with ASD and ID identified through the South Carolina Autism and Developmental Disabilities Network. The prevalence of ASD in ID was 18.04%, relative to ASD rates of 0.60%–1.11% reported in the general South Carolina population. Compared to children with ASD alone, those with comorbid ID exhibited increased symptom severity and distinct DSM-IV-TR profiles. Further work is needed to determine whether current screening, diagnostic, and treatment practices adequately address the unique needs of children and families affected by comorbid ASD and ID diagnoses.

scholarly journals Variability in correction and speech therapy work with the children of primary school age with ASD and intellectual disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
School Age ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Primary School Age

Speech disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders are variable and polymorphic, which creates the need for variability in correctional approaches in speech therapy. Present article shows the techniques which are used in practice of language correction therapy, especially in correction of speech underdevelopment at the stage of the formation of phrasal speech in children with ASD in conjecture with intellectual disability. The importance of social development of children, perceptivity in the formation of higher mental functions, in particular, speech and thinking, is stressed.

A preliminary investigation assessing the basic digital capabilities of minimally verbal children on the autism spectrum with intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Petr Scholle ◽  
Gerardo Herrera ◽  
Javier Sevilla ◽  
Mark Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Tablet Device ◽  
Digital Tablet ◽  
Minimally Verbal Children

Purpose Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can demonstrate a preference for using digital technologies which can represent a relative strength within the autism community. Such a strength would have implications for digitally mediated interventions and support for autism. However, research to date has not developed a methodology for assessing the capabilities of minimally verbal children on the autism spectrum with intellectual disability (ID) to use digital technology. Design/methodology/approach Six minimally verbal children with ASD and ID undertook an accessible assessment that identified what capabilities for interacting with a digital tablet device they could and could not demonstrate. Twelve brief assessments were demonstrated, including turning on the device, adjusting the volume, operating the camera, touching, tilting and rotating the screen. Findings Participants could be assessed on their digital capabilities. In this study, participants could largely touch and swipe the screen effectively and leave the app, but could not tilt and rotate the screen nor turn on the digital tablet device. Research limitations/implications While the numbers were small, the findings indicate that the digital capabilities of this group can usefully be assessed. Future research can use such assessments to highlight how intervention effectiveness and support can be enhanced by matching the digital capacities of minimally verbal children with ASD and ID to technological support. This is a preliminary study and a greater understanding of children’s prior experiences with technology will better inform how and which digital capabilities develop. Originality/value This is the first study to assess a range of basic capabilities for using digital tablet devices in minimally verbal children with ASD and ID.

Eeg Spectral Analysis in Schizophrenia

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Fenton ◽  
P. B. C. Fenwick ◽  
J. Dollimore ◽  
T. L. Dunn ◽  
S. R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Eeg Spectral Analysis ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryFour channels of EEG (T4-T6, P4-02, T3-T5, P3-01) were recorded from several groups of control subjects and schizophrenia patients on analogue tape. They were later digitized and analysed by computer; power spectra were computed for 30 second epochs of EEG per channel; eyes closed, eyes open. No difference between normal controls and neurotic in-patients was apparent. An acute schizophrenic group had less alpha power, this change being confined largely to the temporal areas. A chronic outpatient sample showed less alpha and beta power, while chronic long-stay schizophrenic patients had an excess of delta power. The changes in both chronic patient groups were diffuse rather than local.

scholarly journals Neural oscillation coupling selectively predicts speech reception in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Wang ◽  
Jaime Fernando Delgado Saa ◽  
Silvia Marchesotti ◽  
Nada Kojovic ◽  
Holger Franz Sperdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Speech Reception ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Very Young Children

Communication difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve a speech reception deficit, whose biological causes are not yet identified. This deficit could denote atypical neuronal ensemble activity, as reflected by neural oscillations. Atypical cross-frequency oscillation coupling in particular could disrupt the possibility to jointly track and predict dynamic acoustic stimuli, a dual process that is essential for speech comprehension. Whether such oscillation anomalies can already be found in very young children with ASD, and with what specificity they relate to individual language reception capacity is unknown. In this study, neural activity was collected using EEG in 64 very young children with and without ASD (mean age 3) while they were exposed to naturalistic-continuous speech via an age-appropriate cartoon. EEG power typically associated with phrase-level chunking (delta, 1-3Hz), phonemic encoding (low-gamma, 25-35Hz) and top-down control (beta, 12-20Hz) was markedly reduced in ASD relative to typically developing (TD) children. Speech neural-tracking by delta and theta oscillations was also weaker in ASD than TD children. Critically, children with ASD exhibited slightly atypical theta/gamma coupling (PAC) involving a higher-than-normal gamma frequency, and markedly atypical beta/gamma PAC. Even though many oscillation features were atypical in our sample of 31 very young children with ASD, the beta/gamma coupling anomaly was the single best predictor of individual speech reception difficulties. These findings suggest that early interventions targeting the normalization of low-gamma and low-beta activity, might help young children with ASD to engage more in oral interactions.

scholarly journals Intellectual disability and cerebellar hypoplasia in autism reported by associative learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Welsh ◽  
Jeffrey Munson ◽  
Tanya St. John ◽  
Christina N. Meehan ◽  
Elise N. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Children With Asd

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine how impairments in associative learning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relate to intellectual disability (ID) and early-childhood cerebellar hypoplasia.MethodsTrace and long-delay eye blink conditioning (EBC) were performed in 62 children age 11.2 years having: 1) ASD with ID (ASD+ID); 2) ASD without ID (ASD-noID); or 3) typical development (TD). The sub-second timing of conditioned eye-blink responses (CRs) acquired to a tone paired with a corneal air puff was related to brain structure at age 2 years and clinical measures across ages 2-12 years. Because CR timing is influenced strongly by cerebellar function, EBC was used to test hypotheses relating cerebellar hypoplasia to ASD.ResultsChildren with ASD+ID showed early-onset CRs during trace EBC that were related to early-childhood hypoplasia of the cerebellum but not of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, or amygdala. Children with ASD-noID showed early-onset CRs only during long-delay EBC without cerebellar hypoplasia. Using EBC measures, logistic regression detected ASD with 81% sensitivity and 79% specificity while linear discriminant analysis separated ASD subgroups based on ID but not ASD severity. MRI of additional 2-year-olds with ASD indicated that early-onset CRs during trace EBC revealed ASD+ID more readily than cerebellar hypoplasia, per se.ConclusionsEarly-childhood cerebellar hypoplasia occurs in children with ASD+ID that demonstrate early-onset CRs during trace EBC. Trace EBC reveals the relationship between cerebellar hypoplasia and ASD+ID likely by engaging cerebro-cerebellar circuits involved in intellect. We emphasize that the cerebellum optimizes sensory-motor processing at sub-second intervals, impairments of which may contribute to ID.

scholarly journals Mothers of children with autism have different rates of cancer according to the presence of intellectual disability in their child

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Fairthorne ◽  
Helen Leonard ◽  
Nick De Klerk ◽  
Andrew Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Hazard Ratios

ABSTRACTBackground Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability (ID) are neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic component. Increasing research attention has focused on whether the genetic factors that convey susceptibility for these conditions, also influence the risk for other health conditions, such as cancer. AimsWe compared hospital admissions and treatment/services for cancer in mothers of ASD probands to other mothers. MethodsUsing West Australian databases, we calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) of hospitalisations for cancer in case and comparator mothers.Results In the multivariate model and compared to mothers of children with no ASD or ID, mothers of children with ASD without ID were more likely to have had an admission associated with a cancer diagnosis [HR=1.33(95% CI: 1.1, 1.7)] or a treatment or service associated with cancer [HR=1.54(95% CI: 1.1, 2.2)]. Furthermore, these HRs were significantly greater (p-values < 0.00005) than the corresponding HRs for mothers of children with ASD with ID [HR=1.05(95% CI: 0.8, 1.3) and HR= 0.97(95% CI: 0.7, 1.4)]. Conclusions We suggest that genes increasing the risk of autism without ID and cancer have common pathways and that the genetic basis of ASD with ID differs from ASD without ID.

scholarly journals Topography and asymmetry of visual EEG reactivity in healthy school-age children

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Dusan Ristanovic ◽  
Zarko Martinovic ◽  
Vesna Jovanovic-Cupic
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Total Power ◽  
School Age ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open

In order to quantify the visual reactivity of EEC to opening the eyes, the topography of EEG power spectra in a sample of 72 healthy subjects aged from 7-15 years, was studied. The EEGs were recorder at 14 scalp sites under eyes closed (ECL) and eyes open (EOP). It has been established that the absolute powers in total and in alpha band were significant- ly higher in all derivations under ECL as compared with EOP condition. Except for the frontal derivations, absolute power in theta band under ECL condition was significantly higher than that under EOP condition. Changes in delta and beta powers were seldom significant. In beta 2 band no EEG blocking was noticed in anterior area. Opening the eyes significantly influenced the values of asymmetry index in alpha band and total power. In all frequency bands and under both conditions, the differences of powers between the hemi spheres were found mainly in the prefrontal and laterofrontal areas. The results showed that the visual blocking of EEG was mostly due to a higher degree of EEG desynchronization after opening the eyes.

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