scholarly journals Exploring the Temporal Dynamics of County-Level Vulnerability Factors on COVID-19 Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Daesung Choi ◽  
Shivani A. Patel ◽  
Joyce C. Ho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
County Level ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Dynamic Trajectory

As the outbreak of COVID-19 has become a severe worldwide pandemic, every country fights against the spread of this deadly disease with incredible efforts. There are numerous researches along with every conceivable dimension for COVID-19. Among these researches, different demographic and contextual factors of populations and communities also play an essential role in providing more information for decision-makers. This paper mainly utilizes existing data on county contextual factors at the United States county-level to develop a model that can capture the dynamic trajectory of COVID-19 (i.e., cases) and its impacts across the United States. Moreover, our methods applied to contextual data achieves better results compared with existing measures of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Contextual Factors Associated With County-Level Suicide Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. e1910936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Steelesmith ◽  
Cynthia A. Fontanella ◽  
John V. Campo ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bridge ◽  
Keith L. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Suicide Rates

scholarly journals County-level contextual factors associated with diabetes incidence in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig A. Cunningham ◽  
Shivani A. Patel ◽  
Gloria L. Beckles ◽  
Linda S. Geiss ◽  
Neil Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
County Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals Effect of specific non-pharmaceutical intervention policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the counties of the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyi Yang ◽  
Angkana T. Huang ◽  
Bernardo Garcia-Carreras ◽  
William E. Hart ◽  
Andrea Staid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
County Level ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain the only widely available tool for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We estimated weekly values of the effective basic reproductive number (Reff) using a mechanistic metapopulation model and associated these with county-level characteristics and NPIs in the United States (US). Interventions that included school and leisure activities closure and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with a median Reff below 1 when combined with either stay at home orders (median Reff 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–1.39) or face masks (median Reff 0.97, 95% CI 0.58–1.39). While direct causal effects of interventions remain unclear, our results suggest that relaxation of some NPIs will need to be counterbalanced by continuation and/or implementation of others.

scholarly journals Association between county-level social capital and the burden of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Mao Yanagisawa ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Christopher A. Scannell ◽  
Carlos Irwin A. Oronce ◽  
Yusuke Tsugawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level

Mainstream Flavor: Ethnic Cuisine and Assimilation in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Anna Boch ◽  
Tomás Jiménez ◽  
Katharina Roesler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Restaurant Reviews ◽  
Mexican Populations

Assimilation theories posit that cultural change is part and parcel of the assimilation process. That change can register in the symbols and practices that individuals invoke as part of an ethnic experience. But cultural change also includes the degree to which the mainstream takes up those symbols and practices as part of its composite culture. We develop a way to examine whether cuisine, an important component of ethnic culture, is part of the mainstream’s composite culture and the contextual factors associated with the presence of ethnic cuisine in the composite culture. We begin with a comparison of 761,444 reviews of Mexican, Italian, Chinese, and American restaurants across the United States from Yelp!, an online customer review platform. We find that reviews of Mexican restaurants mention ethnicity and authenticity much more than reviews of Italian and American restaurants, but less than reviews of Chinese restaurants, suggesting intermediate mainstreaming of Mexican cuisine. We then examine Mexican restaurant reviews in the 82 largest U.S. core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to uncover the contextual factors associated with Mexican cuisine’s local mainstream presence. We find that Mexican food is less defined in ethnic terms in CBSAs with larger and more culturally distinct Mexican populations and at less-expensive restaurants. We argue that regional versions of the composite culture change as ethnic groups come to define a region demographically and culturally.

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