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Author(s):  
S. Subbulakshmi ◽  
H. Vishnu Narayanan ◽  
R. N. Adarsh ◽  
Fawaz Faizi ◽  
A. K. Arun
Keyword(s):  

According to the ubiquitous computing paradigm, dispersed computers within the home environment can support the residents’ health by being aware of all the developing and evolving situations. The context-awareness of the supporting computers stems from the data acquisition of the occurring events at home. In some cases, different sensors provide input of identical type, thereby raising conflict-related issues. Thus, for each type of input data, fusion methods must be applied on the raw data to obtain a dominant input value. Also, for diagnostic inference purpose, data fusion methods must be applied on the values of the available classes of multiple contextual data structures. Dempster-Shafer theory offers the algorithmic tools to efficiently fuse the data of each input type or class. The employment of threading technology accelerates the computational process and carrying out benchmarks on publicly available data set, is shown to be more efficient. Thus, threading technology proved promising for home UbiHealth applications by lowering the number of required cooperating computers.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorella Foscarini ◽  
Madeleine Krucker ◽  
Danyse Golick

Purpose The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of the benefits and drawbacks involved in using digital technologies for business meetings, and identify key concerns. The shift from in-person to virtual meetings has multiple consequences, some of which impact recordkeeping. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on research from records management, anthropology, organizational theory and computer science, this study establishes the norms of physical meeting spaces and recordkeeping and explores how these norms are challenged as meetings become virtual. Findings Virtual meetings allow for collaboration to work across time and space and offer multiple affordances that do not exist in on-site meetings; however, they also involve the additional barrier of technical access and reduction in user attention. Virtual meetings also enable the creation, capture and sharing of increased contextual data, and this increased documentation challenges traditional recordkeeping models. Meeting technologies are also worryingly invasive. This study shows that concerns over privacy have been dismissed in the design of virtual meeting spaces, and therefore the authors recommend their more thorough consideration. Originality/value Meetings are a pervasive feature of organizational life whose significance has been overlooked in the recordkeeping literature. By bringing together research about in-person and virtual meetings in a novel and necessary way, the authors started to fill a gap and hope to inspire further studies.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110632
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Holbrook ◽  
Amanda J. Heideman

In this article, we investigate the relative roles of local tax policies and respondent attitudes and characteristics in shaping support for local taxes. Using a unique set of survey data collected across dozens of cities over several years, combined with contextual data on local tax systems, we can offer a comprehensive picture of who supports, and who opposes local taxes. The contributions of our approach are three-fold: We use measures of satisfaction with local taxes, using data gathered across dozens of localities; we incorporate measures of the local tax systems to help account for city-to-city variation in local tax attitudes; and we incorporate measures of racial attitudes to account for an important non-material element heretofore not incorporated in studies of local tax attitudes. Integrating these factors into an explanation of local tax policies rounds out and offers a more realistic understanding of attitudes in this critical policy area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Setiadi Setiadi ◽  
Nur Rosyid

This study examines the intertwining of the attributive elements of feminine narrative on social movement in relation to the narration of Gegeran (riot) Samin in the context of industrialization in Kendeng, Central Java. Recent studies accentuated the narration of Saminisme as the history of resistance to colonialism becomes a study of the description of an unpretentious culture that is to be relevant for cultural conservation. Meanwhile, during this tumultuous era of industrialization, the reconstruction of the narrative of Saminism as a resistance movement was again in the spotlight, especially why women seemed dominant in this struggle. This research was conducted in April-May 2016 based on a narrative ethnography approach that is to be more sensitive to the emergence of a story, between textual and contextual data. The question was why there are differences in the articulation of narratives between elements of Sedulur Sikep values in responding to the establishment of cement factory reflected in the different attitudes and expressions. The research concludes that this social movement is intertwined with struggle efforts based on awareness of cultural diversity and socio-economic class movements by elaborating narrative elements from the specific historical narrative as the cyclical mobilization and are constituted using the performative elements of the activities or actions they held


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8424
Author(s):  
Haytham Hijazi ◽  
Manar Abu Talib ◽  
Ahmad Hasasneh ◽  
Ali Bou Nassif ◽  
Nafisa Ahmed ◽  
...  

Physiological measures, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and beats per minute (BPM), can be powerful health indicators of respiratory infections. HRV and BPM can be acquired through widely available wrist-worn biometric wearables and smartphones. Successive abnormal changes in these indicators could potentially be an early sign of respiratory infections such as COVID-19. Thus, wearables and smartphones should play a significant role in combating COVID-19 through the early detection supported by other contextual data and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In this paper, we investigate the role of the heart measurements (i.e., HRV and BPM) collected from wearables and smartphones in demonstrating early onsets of the inflammatory response to the COVID-19. The AI framework consists of two blocks: an interpretable prediction model to classify the HRV measurements status (as normal or affected by inflammation) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to analyze users’ daily status (i.e., textual logs in a mobile application). Both classification decisions are integrated to generate the final decision as either “potentially COVID-19 infected” or “no evident signs of infection”. We used a publicly available dataset, which comprises 186 patients with more than 3200 HRV readings and numerous user textual logs. The first evaluation of the approach showed an accuracy of 83.34 ± 1.68% with 0.91, 0.88, 0.89 precision, recall, and F1-Score, respectively, in predicting the infection two days before the onset of the symptoms supported by a model interpretation using the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME).


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Viehweger ◽  
Christian Blumenscheit ◽  
Norman Lippmann ◽  
Kelly L. Wyres ◽  
Christian Brandt ◽  
...  

Genomic surveillance can inform effective public health responses to pathogen outbreaks. However, integration of non-local data is rarely done. We investigate two large hospital outbreaks of a carbapenemase-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in Germany and show the value of contextual data. By screening about 10 000 genomes, over 400 000 metagenomes and two culture collections using in silico and in vitro methods, we identify a total of 415 closely related genomes reported in 28 studies. We identify the relationship between the two outbreaks through time-dated phylogeny, including their respective origin. One of the outbreaks presents extensive hidden transmission, with descendant isolates only identified in other studies. We then leverage the genome collection from this meta-analysis to identify genes under positive selection. We thereby identify an inner membrane transporter (ynjC) with a putative role in colistin resistance. Contextual data from other sources can thus enhance local genomic surveillance at multiple levels and should be integrated by default when available.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeat Granek ◽  
Shahar Shapira ◽  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Shlomi Constantini

Introduction: Pediatric neurosurgery is a sub-specialty of medicine that is responsible for diagnosing, managing, and treating neurological disease in children with the use of surgery. Good intraoperative decisions making is critical to ensuring patient safety, yet almost nothing is known about what factors play a role in intraoperative decisions. As such, the purpose of this paper was to explore the factors that influence intraoperative decisions when pediatric neurosurgeons encounter something unexpected or uncertain during surgery. Methods: The study utilized the Grounded Theory method of data collection and analysis. Twenty-six pediatric neurosurgeons from 12 countries around the world were interviewed between June-October 2020 about the factors that go into making intraoperative decisions. Data was analyzed line by line and constant comparison was used to examine relationships within, and across codes and categories. Results: Pediatric neurosurgeons reflected on six factors while operating in order to come to a decision about how to proceed when they encountered an uncertainty or complication. The study findings resulted in a conceptual model that describes how concrete data including biological and technological factors and contextual data including emotional/relational factors, surgeon factors, and cultural factors influence risk assessment when making an intraoperative decision during surgery. Conclusions: The findings from this research can be used for training and educating surgeons about intraoperative decision-making processes. Pedagogical modules can be developed that includes training sessions on factors that may implicitly and explicitly influence thinking processes during an operation. Surgeons may also benefit from having open discussions with surgical colleagues about the rich, emotional, intellectual scope of the work that they do with all the challenges that these relationships can bring into decision-making in the operating room.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 531-531
Author(s):  
Atiya Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Qureshi ◽  
Habib Chaudhury ◽  
Sarah Canham ◽  
Rachel Weldrick ◽  
...  

Abstract The Aging in the Right Place Environmental Audit (AIRP-ENV) and Secondary Observation (AIRP-ENV-SO) tools were developed to conduct observation-based audit of the built environment in shelters, transitional housing, independent housing with offsite/onsite supports, and permanent supportive housing with onsite medical and/or specialized services for older adults experiencing (or at risk of) homelessness. The 241 item AIRP-ENV tool is used to audit the presence/absence of exterior and interior built environmental features that support housing stability. The seven open-ended questions in the AIRP-ENV-SO tool is used to collect contextual data on function, safety and land-use of surrounding neighborhood. Data were collected at four sites of a transitional housing program in Vancouver, Canada as part of a multi-year, multi-city partnership project on aging and homelessness. Preliminary results demonstrate that built environment and urban design features (e.g., access, privacy, flexible and supportive spaces) contribute towards tenants’ residential resiliency and aging in place.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Daesung Choi ◽  
Shivani A. Patel ◽  
Joyce C. Ho

As the outbreak of COVID-19 has become a severe worldwide pandemic, every country fights against the spread of this deadly disease with incredible efforts. There are numerous researches along with every conceivable dimension for COVID-19. Among these researches, different demographic and contextual factors of populations and communities also play an essential role in providing more information for decision-makers. This paper mainly utilizes existing data on county contextual factors at the United States county-level to develop a model that can capture the dynamic trajectory of COVID-19 (i.e., cases) and its impacts across the United States. Moreover, our methods applied to contextual data achieves better results compared with existing measures of vulnerability.


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