scholarly journals biPACT: a method for three-dimensional visualization of mouse spinal cord circuits of long segments with high resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Nakanishi ◽  
Munehisa Shinozaki ◽  
Narihito Nagoshi ◽  
Masaya Nakamura ◽  
Hideyuki Okano
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Resolution Images

Background: The spatial complexity of neuronal circuits in the central nervous system is an hurdle in understanding and treating brain and spinal cord injuries. Although several methods have recently been developed to render the spinal cord transparent and label specific neural circuits, three-dimensional visualization of long segments of spinal cord with high resolution remains challenging. New Method: We have established a method that combines tissue staining of neuronal tracts traced with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and a modified passive clarity clearing protocol. Results: BDA was injected into the unilateral sensorimotor cortex of a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusional injury. Ten days later, the spinal cord was removed and immersed first in staining solution and then in hydrogel solution. The spinal cord was then sealed with a syringe and underwent gelation process, followed by clearing with clearing solution and observation solution. Staining and clearing took a total of two weeks. The samples were observed with a lightsheet microscope, and three-dimensional reconstruction was performed with ImageJ software. With the lightsheet microscope, high resolution-images comparable with tissue sections were obtained continuously and circumferentially. By tiling, it was possible to obtain high-resolution images of long segments of the spinal cord, in which each fiber could be traced. The tissue could be easily re-stained in case of fading. Comparison with Existing Methods: The present method does not require special equipment, can label specific circuits without genetic technology, and re-staining rounds can be easily implemented. It enables to visualize specific neural circuit of long spinal cord segments with high resolution up to individual nerve fiber. Conclusions: By using simple neural labeling, staining, and transparency methods, it was possible to acquire a wide range of high-resolution three-dimensional images of the spinal cord.

Real-time two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of the thoracic spinal cord: a possible new window into the central neuraxis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil G. Feinglass ◽  
Steven R. Clendenen ◽  
Timothy S. J. Shine ◽  
Archer K. Martin ◽  
Roy A. Greengrass
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Clip Compression Model Is Useful for Thoracic Spinal Cord Injuries

Spine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 2853-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Poon ◽  
Dimpy Gupta ◽  
Molly S. Shoichet ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Compression Model ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

A Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of a Recombinant Rho Protein Antagonist in Patients With Complete Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Injuries

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-546
Author(s):  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
Nicholas Theodore ◽  
James S. Harrop ◽  
Gilles Maurais ◽  
Charles Kuntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Rho Protein

scholarly journals Remodeling of lumbar motor circuitry remote to a thoracic spinal cord injury promotes locomotor recovery

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xiangbing Wu ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Yi P Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Cord Injury

Retrogradely-transported neurotrophin signaling plays an important role in regulating neural circuit specificity. Here we investigated whether targeted delivery of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to lumbar motoneurons (MNs) caudal to a thoracic (T10) contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) could modulate dendritic patterning and synapse formation of the lumbar MNs. In vitro, Adeno-associated virus serotype two overexpressing NT-3 (AAV-NT-3) induced NT-3 expression and neurite outgrowth in cultured spinal cord neurons. In vivo, targeted delivery of AAV-NT-3 into transiently demyelinated adult mouse sciatic nerves led to the retrograde transportation of NT-3 to the lumbar MNs, significantly attenuating SCI-induced lumbar MN dendritic atrophy. NT-3 enhanced sprouting and synaptic formation of descending serotonergic, dopaminergic, and propriospinal axons on lumbar MNs, parallel to improved behavioral recovery. Thus, retrogradely transported NT-3 stimulated remodeling of lumbar neural circuitry and synaptic connectivity remote to a thoracic SCI, supporting a role for retrograde transport of NT-3 as a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI.

What do we currently know about thoracic spinal cord injury recovery and outcomes? A systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Bransford ◽  
Jens R. Chapman ◽  
Andrea C. Skelly ◽  
Ellen M. VanAlstyne
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Impact

Object The purpose of this paper was to systematically review and critically appraise the evidence for whether there are differences in outcomes or recovery after thoracic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) based on the spinal level, the timing of intervention, or cause of SCI. Methods Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE through January 5, 2012. From 486 articles identified, 10 included data on the population of interest. Included studies were assigned a level of evidence (LOE) rating based on study quality, and an overall strength of evidence was assessed. To estimate the effect of injury level on patient outcomes, the relative risk and risk difference were calculated when data were available. Results From 486 citations identified, 3 registry studies and 7 retrospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. All were rated as being of poor quality (LOE III). Limited literature exists on the epidemiology of traumatic and nontraumatic SCI. Few studies evaluated outcomes based on SCI level within the thoracic spine. Pulmonary complications and thromboembolic events were less common in persons with lower thoracic SCI (T7–12) than in those with higher thoracic SCI (T1–6) in 2 large studies, but no differences were found in functional outcomes in 4 smaller studies. Patients undergoing earlier surgery (< 72 hours) may have fewer ventilator, ICU, and hospital days than those undergoing later surgery. One small study of SCI during repair of aortic aneurysm compared with traumatic SCI reported similar outcomes for both groups. There are substantial deficiencies in the scientific literature on thoracic SCI in regard to assessment, outcomes ratings, and effectiveness of therapy. Conclusions The overall strength of evidence for all outcomes reported is low. Definitive conclusions should not be drawn regarding the prognosis for outcome and recovery after thoracic SCI. From a physiological standpoint, additional methodologically rigorous studies that take into consideration various levels of injury in more anatomically and physiologically relevant form are needed. Use of validated, comprehensive outcomes tools are important to improve our understanding of the impact of thoracic SCI and aid in examining factors in recovery from thoracic SCI.

scholarly journals Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando L. Vale ◽  
Jennifer Burns ◽  
Amie B. Jackson ◽  
Mark N. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

The optimal management of acute spinal cord injuries remains to be defined. The authors prospectively applied resuscitation principles of volume expansion and blood pressure maintenance to 77 patients who presented with acute neurological deficits as a result of spinal cord injuries occurring from C-1 through T-12 in an effort to maintain spinal cord blood flow and prevent secondary injury. According to the Intensive Care Unit protocol, all patients were managed by Swan-Ganz and arterial blood pressure catheters and were treated with immobilization and fracture reduction as indicated. Intravenous fluids, colloid, and vasopressors were administered as necessary to maintain mean arterial blood pressure above 85 mm Hg. Surgery was performed for decompression and stabilization, and fusion in selected cases. Sixty-four patients have been followed at least 12 months postinjury by means of detailed neurological assessments and functional ability evaluations. Sixty percent of patients with complete cervical spinal cord injuries improved at least one Frankel or American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade at the last follow-up review. Thirty percent regained the ability to walk and 20% had return of bladder function 1 year postinjury. Thirty-three percent of the patients with complete thoracic spinal cord injuries improved at least one Frankel or ASIA grade. Approximately 10% of the patients regained the ability to walk and had return of bladder function. As of the 12-month follow-up review, 92% of patients demonstrated clinical improvement after sustaining incomplete cervical spinal cord injuries compared to their initial neurological status. Ninety-two percent regained the ability to walk and 88% regained bladder function. Eighty-eight percent of patients with incomplete thoracic spinal cord injuries demonstrated significant improvements in neurological function 1 year postinjury. Eighty-eight percent were able to walk and 63% had return of bladder function. The authors conclude that the enhanced neurological outcome that was observed in patients after spinal cord injury in this study was in addition to, and/or distinct from, any potential benefit provided by surgery. Early and aggressive medical management (volume resuscitation and blood pressure augmentation) of patients with acute spinal cord injuries optimizes the potential for neurological recovery after sustaining trauma.

Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando L. Vale ◽  
Jennifer Burns ◽  
Amie B. Jackson ◽  
Mark N. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The optimal management of acute spinal cord injuries remains to be defined. The authors prospectively applied resuscitation principles of volume expansion and blood pressure maintenance to 77 patients who presented with acute neurological deficits as a result of spinal cord injuries occurring from C-1 through T-12 in an effort to maintain spinal cord blood flow and prevent secondary injury. According to the Intensive Care Unit protocol, all patients were managed by using Swan—Ganz and arterial blood pressure catheters and were treated with immobilization and fracture reduction as indicated. Intravenous fluids, colloid, and vasopressors were administered as necessary to maintain mean arterial blood pressure above 85 mm Hg. Surgery was performed for decompression and stabilization, and fusion in selected cases. Sixty-four patients have been followed at least 12 months postinjury by means of detailed neurological assessments and functional ability evaluations. Sixty percent of patients with complete cervical spinal cord injuries improved at least one Frankel or American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade at the last follow-up review. Thirty percent regained the ability to walk and 20% had return of bladder function 1 year postinjury. Thirty-three percent of the patients with complete thoracic spinal cord injuries improved at least one Frankel or ASIA grade. Approximately 10% of the patients regained the ability to walk and had return of bladder function. As of the 12-month follow-up review, 92% of patients demonstrated clinical improvement after sustaining incomplete cervical spinal cord injuries compared to their initial neurological status. Ninety-two percent regained the ability to walk and 88% regained bladder function. Eighty-eight percent of patients with incomplete thoracic spinal cord injuries demonstrated significant improvements in neurological function 1 year postinjury. Eighty-eight percent were able to walk and 63% had return of bladder function. The authors conclude that the enhanced neurological outcome that was observed in patients after spinal cord injury in this study was in addition to, and/or distinct from, any potential benefit provided by surgery. Early and aggressive medical management (volume resuscitation and blood pressure augmentation) of patients with acute spinal cord injuries optimizes the potential for neurological recovery after sustaining trauma.

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