Paw placement during walking is altered by analgesic doses of opioids and post-surgical injury in mice

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1101/2021.12.15.472818 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria E Brings ◽

Maria A Payne ◽

Robert W Gereau

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Gait Analysis ◽

Opioid Analgesia ◽

Morphine Dose ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Surgical Pain ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Potential Confound ◽

Surgical Injury

Hind paw-directed assays are commonly used to study the analgesic effects of opioids in mice. However, opioid-induced hyper-locomotion can obscure results of such assays. We aimed to overcome this potential confound by using gait analysis to observe hind paw usage during walking in mice. We measured changes in paw print area following induction of post-surgical pain (using the paw incision model) and treatment with oxycodone. Paw incision surgery reduced the paw print area of the injured hind paw as the mice avoided placing the incised section of the paw on the floor. Surprisingly, oxycodone caused a tiptoe-like gait in mice, resulting in a reduced paw print area in both hind paws. Further investigation of this opioid-induced phenotype revealed that analgesic doses of oxycodone or morphine dose-dependently reduced hind paw print area in uninjured mice. The gait changes were not dependent on opioid-induced increases in locomotor activity; speed and paw print area had no correlation in opioid-treated mice, and other analgesic compounds that alter locomotor activity did not affect paw print area. Unfortunately, the opioid-induced 'tiptoe' gait phenotype prevented gait analysis from being a viable metric for demonstrating opioid analgesia in injured mice. However, this work reveals an important, previously uncharacterized effect of treatment with analgesic doses of opioids on paw placement. Our characterization of how opioids affect gait has important implications for the use of mice to study opioid pharmacology and suggests that scientists should use caution when using hind paw-directed nociceptive assays to test opioid analgesia in mice.

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Vital Signs-Integrated Patient-Assisted Intravenous Opioid Analgesia for Post Surgical Pain

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04011163 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Vital Signs ◽

Opioid Analgesia ◽

Surgical Pain

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Characterization of monosodium iodoacetate-induced locomotor activity impairment in rats

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2013.02.553 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. S265

Author(s):

A. Pekcec ◽

L. Corradini ◽

H. Doods

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Activity Impairment ◽

Monosodium Iodoacetate

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Identification and Characterization of GABAAReceptor Modulatory Diterpenes fromBiota orientalisThat Decrease Locomotor Activity in Mice

Journal of Natural Products ◽

10.1021/np200317p ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1764-1772 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Janine Zaugg ◽

Sophia Khom ◽

Daniela Eigenmann ◽

Igor Baburin ◽

Matthias Hamburger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Identification And Characterization

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CONTROL OF POST-SURGICAL PAIN

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.03.2477 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 400-404

Author(s):

ALI MIR MANSOURI ◽

FARNOUSH FARZI ◽

SHIRIN KHALKHALIRAD ◽

Katayoon Haryalchi ◽

Abas Sediginejad

Keyword(s):

Pain Relief ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Pain Control ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Emergency Cesarean ◽

Surgical Pain ◽

Chi Square Test

Introduction: There are many complications for patients with post cesarean section relative pain. So it delays in discharging or increasing in hospital stay. The objective of this study was a comparison between Tramadol and Meperidine according to pain relief or other possible complications in post cesarean section pain control. Materials and Methods: This study was a double blind clinical trial. It arranged for 240 parturients who scheduled for emergency cesarean section with pain after surgery in spite of spinal anesthesia. All patients were in ASA class I. They were divided randomly in two groups .Meperidine (M) and Tramadol (T) groups with 120 patients in each group. After beginning of pain in post anesthesia care unit (VAS> or = 4), in group (T) tramadol 1.5 mg/kg and in group (M) meperidine .5 mg/kg were injected intravenously. Apart from pain, other drug complications such as shivering, blood pressure changes, itching, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness were recorded one and two hours after injection. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Relative frequency rate (RFR) of 50% decrease in pain score one hour after intravenous injection was 56.7% in group (T) and 69.2% in group (M) ( P = 0.054). RFR for respiratory depression after one hour was 5.8% in (M) group and 0 in (T) group (P = 0.007). RFR for nausea after one hour was 39.2% in (T) group and 23.3% in (M) group (P = 0.008). RFR for vomiting after one hour was 23.3% in (T) group and 13.3% in (M) group (P= 0.045). RFR for drowsiness after one hour was 25% in (M) group and 3.3% in (T) group (P=0.007). There was no statistically significant relationship after 2nd hour for pain relief, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness between two groups. There was no difference between two groups in RFR for shivering, blood pressurechanges and itching in both two groups. Conclusion: This study illustrates both remedies Meperidine and Tramadol which were effective for pain relief and shivering after cesarean section. But according to high incidence of nausea and vomiting with Tramadol and more analgesic effects of Meperidine than Tramadol, administration of Meperidine is better than Tramadol after cesarean section for pain control.

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Analgesic effect of methanolic extract obtained from Schinus terebinthifolius leaves

Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research ◽

10.19277/bbr.17.2.234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Pedro Cruz de Oliveira Jr. ◽

Eloise Balen ◽

Jucicleia da Silva Arrigo ◽

Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio ◽

Marciane Maximo da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Forced Swim Test ◽

Experimental Pain ◽

Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽

Heat Sensitivity ◽

Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Analgesic Agents

Previous studies from our group showed the analgesic effects of essential oil and extracts of Schinus terebinthifolius. The aims of this research were to evaluate the anti-nociceptive, anti-arthritic properties of methanolic extract obtained from S. terebinthifolius (MEST) leaves in animal models of experimental pain and arthritis. The MEST (30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced both phases of formalin induced licking behavior in Swiss mice. The MEST (100 mg/kg) reduced mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan in swiss mice. The MEST (100 mg/kg) oral administration reduced significantly the mechanical hyperalgesia (day 2, 5, 10, and 20), knee oedema (day 2), cold (day 15) and heat sensitivity (day 20), but not depressive-like behavior (Forced Swim Test), after Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in C57B16 mice. The MEST prevented the anti-nociceptive effects in formalin nociception and did not interfere with locomotor activity in Swiss mice (open field test). The MEST was effective for the inhibition of pain and arthritic parameters without altering locomotor activity or depressive-like behavior. The present results may open new possibilities for the development of new analgesic agents from S. terebinthifolius.

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Towards a characterization of the locomotor activity rhythm of the desertic species Porcellio olivieri (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Gabes (South of Tunisia)

Biological Rhythm Research ◽

10.1080/09291016.2018.1434948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 204-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hajer Khemaissia ◽

Raja Jelassi ◽

Dhouha Bohli-Abderrazek ◽

Anas Ayari ◽

Karima Nasri-Ammar

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Activity Rhythm ◽

Locomotor Activity Rhythm

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Radiotelemetric characterization of overweight-associated rises in blood pressure and heart rate

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.4.h1540 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 277 (4) ◽

pp. H1540-H1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heinz Rupp ◽

Bernhard Maisch

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Cardiac Myosin ◽

Myosin V ◽

Pressure Transducers ◽

Rate Maximum ◽

Fat Diets

We addressed the hypothesis that hypercaloric diets induce hyperkinetic hypertension irrespective of day-night cycle and locomotor activity that is associated with altered cardiac myosin isozymes. Normotensive rats with implanted radiotelemetry pressure transducers were fed increasing amounts of coconut fat (8, 16, and 24%, each for 2 wk) corresponding to 20–47% of total calories from fat. Thereafter, increasing amounts of sucrose (16, 32, and 50%) and fructose (50%) were added to the 24% fat diet corresponding to 13–40% of total calories from sugar. In contrast to the fat diets, the 32% and 50% sucrose diets as well as the 50% fructose diets increased ( P < 0.05) blood pressure (systolic maximum +13 mmHg, diastolic maximum +4 mmHg, mean maximum +7 mmHg) and heart rate (maximum +50 beats/min) irrespective of the day-night cycle and the unaltered locomotor activity. Furthermore, body weight increased ( P < 0.05) during the 32% and 50% sucrose feedings. The increased blood pressure and heart rate normalized after rats were fed a regular chow. We concluded that an excessive caloric intake results in hyperkinetic hypertension that increases the myosin V1proportion.

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