scholarly journals Nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenomics of the Diplostomoidea and Diplostomida (Digenea, Platyhelminthes)1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Locke ◽  
Alex Van Dam ◽  
Monica Caffara ◽  
Hudson Alves Pinto ◽  
Danimar López-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Genome Phylogeny ◽  
Mt Genome ◽  
A New Species

AbstractHigher systematics within the Digenea, Carus 1863 have been relatively stable since a phylogenetic analysis of partial nuclear ribosomal markers (rDNA) led to the erection of the Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray, and Littlewood, 2003. However, recent mitochondrial (mt) genome phylogenies suggest this order might be paraphyletic. These analyses show members of two diplostomidan superfamilies are more closely related to the Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 than to other members of the Diplostomida. In one of the groups implicated, the Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886, a recent phylogeny based on mt DNA also indicates the superfamily as a whole is non-monophyletic. To determine if these results were robust to additional taxon sampling, we analyzed mt genomes from seven diplostomoids in three families. To choose between phylogenetic alternatives based on mt genomes and the prior rDNA-based topology, we also analyzed hundreds of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) assembled from shotgun sequencing. The Diplostomida was paraphyletic in the mt genome phylogeny, but supported in the UCE phylogeny. We speculate this mitonuclear discordance is related to ancient, rapid radiation in the Digenea. Both UCEs and mt genomes support the monophyly of the Diplostomoidea and show congruent relationships within it. The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 are early diverging descendants of a paraphyletic clade of Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886, in which were nested members of the Strigeidae Railliet, 1919; the results support prior suggestions that the Crassiphialinae Sudarikov, 1960 will rise to the family level. Morphological traits of diplostomoid metacercariae appear to be more useful for differentiating higher taxa than those of adults. We describe a new species of Cotylurus Szidat, 1928, resurrect a species of Hysteromorpha Lutz, 1931, and find support for a species of Alaria Schrank, 1788 of contested validity. Complete rDNA operons are provided as a resource for future studies.

scholarly journals A new species of Fissicepheus and a supplementary description of Leptotocepheus murphyi (Mahunka, 1989) (Acari, Oribatida, Otocepheidae) from Malaysia

Acarologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-474
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov ◽  
Stanislav Kalúz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

This work includes taxonomic data on two species of oribatid mites of the family Otocepheidae from Malaysia. A new species of the genus Fissicepheus is described. Fissicepheus parastriganovae n. sp. differs from Fissicepheus striganovae Ermilov and Anichkin, 2014 by body ornamentation, length of interlamellar and notogastral setae and morphology of genital plates. The species Leptotocepheus murphyi (Mahunka, 1989) is recorded in Malaysia for the first time. A supplementary description of this species which was originally described from Singapore is given on the basis of the Malaysian specimens. The main morphological traits for L. murphyi are summarized.

A new species of the genus Thalassironus (Nematoda: Enoplida: Ironidae) from the coasts of South Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4563 (3) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAEHYUK JEONG ◽  
ALEXEI V. TCHESUNOV ◽  
WONCHOEL LEE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
De Man ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Thalassironus de Man, 1889 was discovered during several surveys of the offshore marine ecosystem in Korea. This new species belonging to the family Ironidae, Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., shares general morphological traits of the genus such as an optically smooth cuticle, buccal cavity consisting of two parts with three movable teeth and thick cuticularized walls, six rounded lips with ten cephalic setae, slit-like amphid and short conical tail with caudal glands present. The new species is most closely related to T. bohaiensis, first discovered in the Bohai Sea, in terms of body ratio (a, b, c, c’) and general morphology, but differs by its generally longer and larger body structures, cervical setae at the level of the buccal cavity, paired somatic setae distributed along the body, and longer/larger spicule. A description of Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., diagnosis of the genus, emended pictorial key for the genus and discussion of important characteristics for the genus is provided. 

New faunistic and taxonomical findings of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of the family Otocepheidae from Myanmar 

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The first data on the oribatid mites of Myanmar are presented and these belong to the family Otocepheidae. A new species of the genus Eurostocepheus (Oribatida, Otocepheidae) is described from litter of disturbed primary forest of Nat Ma Taung National Park in the Chin State. Eurostocepheus (Eurostocepheus) peterjaegeri sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to E. (E.) mahunkai Mondal & Kundu, 1999, but differs by the shorter notogastral setae c and la compared to the other notogastral setae, setae la pressed to notogastral surface, well-developed lateral prodorsal carinae, smooth genital plates and by the presence of diagonal ridges on the anal plates. A supplementary description of Otocepheus (Otocepheus) heterosetiger Aoki, 1965 which was originally described from Thailand, is given in detail on the basis of specimens from Myanmar. The main morphological traits for this species are summarized.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Street Tree Population of Greater Melbourne at the Beginning of the 21st Century

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Stephen Frank ◽  
Glenn Waters ◽  
Russell Beer ◽  
Peter May
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Prunus Spp

An audit of the street tree population of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, was undertaken to establish its size and botanical composition as a reference point for future studies. The 31 independent municipalities that comprise metropolitan Melbourne were approached to provide information on their respective street tree populations. Where available, data from individual municipalities on population, area, and total street length were also collected. Of the 31 municipalities surveyed, 23 had undertaken some form of street tree inventory or audit. These individual data sets were combined into a single database. Data queries were then undertaken to obtain a range of information. A total of 922,353 trees, comprising 1127 taxa, were captured in this superset of data. Australian native plants made up the majority of the trees with 60% of the total. Of the Australian native taxa, wattles (Acacia spp.), gums or eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.), paperbarks (Melaleuca spp.), bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.), and Queensland brush box (Lophostemon confertus [R. Br.] Peter G. Wilson and Waterhouse) comprised 394,730 individuals (43% of all trees). Of the exotic taxa, Prunus spp. were the most common with 86,227 individuals (9% of the total). Queensland brush box was the most common taxon surveyed with 61,959 individuals. Purple-leaf cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ‘Nigra’) was the most common exotic taxon with 35,402 individuals. An analysis of the diversity of this population showed that it meets a set of minimum diversity criteria apart from the dominance of the Myrtaceae at the family level.

The anatomy of an unstable node: a Levantine relict precipitates phylogenomic dissolution of higher-level relationships of the armoured harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomi Aharon ◽  
Jesus A. Ballesteros ◽  
Audrey R. Crawford ◽  
Keyton Friske ◽  
Guilherme Gainett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Unstable Node ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
Unstable Position

After tumultuous revisions to the family-level systematics of Laniatores (the armored harvestmen), the basally branching family Phalangodidae presently bears a disjunct and irregular distribution, attributed to the fragmentation of Pangea. One of the curious lineages assigned to Phalangodidae is the monotypic Israeli genus Haasus, the only Laniatores species that occurs in Israel, and whose presence in the Levant has been inferred to result from biogeographic connectivity with Eurasia. Recent surveys of Israeli caves have also yielded a new troglobitic morphospecies of Haasus. Here, we describe this new species as Haasus naasane sp. nov. So as to test the biogeographic affinity of Haasus, we sequenced DNA from both species and RNA from Haasus naasane sp. nov., to assess their phylogenetic placement. Our results showed that the new species is clearly closely related to Haasus judaeus, but Haasus itself is unambiguously nested within the largely Afrotropical family Pyramidopidae. In addition, the Japanese ‘phalangodid’ Proscotolemon sauteri was recovered as nested within the Southeast Asian family Petrobunidae. Phylogenomic placement of Haasus naasane sp. nov. in a 1550-locus matrix indicates that Pyramidopidae has an unstable position in the tree of Laniatores, with alternative partitioning of the matrix recovering high nodal support for mutually exclusive tree topologies. Exploration of phylogenetic signal showed the cause of this instability to be a considerable conflict between partitions, suggesting that the basal phylogeny of Laniatores may not yet be stable to addition of taxa. We transfer Haasus to Pyramidopidae (new familial assignment). Additionally, we transfer Proscotolemon to the family Petrobunidae (new familial assignment). Future studies on basal Laniatores phylogeny should emphasise the investigation of small-bodied and obscure groups that superficially resemble Phalangodidae.

A new species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber, with venation characteristics of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4576 (3) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY ◽  
VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Rovno Amber ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Plesiomorphic Character

Succinoraphidia radioni sp. nov. (Raphidiidae) is described from the late Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. The genus also includes two species from contemporaneous Baltic amber, i.e., S. exhibens Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 and S. baltica (Carpenter, 1957), comb. nov. The venation of Succinoraphidia is analysed. It possesses several plesiomorphic character states at the family level, and the monotypic subfamily Succinoraphidinae represents a basal group within the family or possibly even a potential stem group of Raphidiidae. All diagnostic character states of Succinoraphidia (except the structure of the pterostigma) are found in a few Cretaceous species of the paraphyletic Mesoraphidiidae, but some of these are not found in the extant Raphidiidae. 

Biogeographic and ecologic perspective on polycystine radiolarian evolution

Paleobiology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Casey ◽  
Cynthia R. Wigley ◽  
Ana Maria Perez-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Early Neogene ◽  
Ecological Pressure

Polycystine radiolarians axe the most widely distributed (geographically and geologically) of the well-preserved microzooplankton. To correctly interpret the tempo and mode of radiolarian microevolution, speciation and macroevolution, the zoogeography and ecological niches of extant, and paleozoogeography and paleoecological niches of extinct subspecies, species and higher taxa of the studied lineages should be carefully considered. Such studies of the Stichocorys and Lamprocyrtis lineages suggest that allopatric speciation as peripheral isolates is important. Sympatric speciation is also a possible mode of evolution in these lineages. Hybridization may play a role in the evolution of one subspecies and one species. Allopatrically evolved subspecies and species require some time to inhabit their maximum geographical range after evolving in an isolated and peripheral part of that “environment,” whereas the supposedly sympatrically evolved forms do not. Cooling trends and water mass reorganization may be related to the speciation events. Similar, but much less controlled, studies on a macroevolutionary scale (evolution above the species level, essentially the “family” level) suggest that there have been about half a dozen periods of major adaptive breakthroughs resulting in quantum, or macro, evolution. Global coolings and the initiations of “new” cold-water spheres and related water masses appear to have allowed these macroevolutionary steps during the Ordovician, Devonian-Carboniferous, Permian, and early Neogene. Ecological pressure from diatoms and planktonic foraminiferans appears to have been related to macroevolutionary events bounding the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition.

Geometric morphometrics uncovers a new species of ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Equulites), with comments on the taxonomic status of Equula berbis Valenciennes

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2427 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
PROSANTA CHAKRABARTY ◽  
J.JEANETTE CHU ◽  
LUTHFUN NAHAR ◽  
JOHN S. SPARKS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Light Organ ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Feature ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Equulites is revealed using geometric morphometric techniques and is herein described. Based on features recovered in recent comparative analyses, members of Equulites have been diagnosed on the basis of internal and external male-specific traits related to their light-organ system (LOS; Sparks et al., 2005; Sparks, 2006; Sparks and Chakrabarty, 2007; Chakrabarty and Sparks, 2008). These sexually-dimorphic traits are hypothesized to allow males to signal to conspecific females in photic sexual displays using bacterially-generated luminescence (Woodland et al., 2002; Sasaki et al., 2003; Wada et al., 2005). The holotype and sole name-bearing type of Equulites leuciscus (BMNH 1858.4.21.243, 104.9 mm SL) is an adult female, and therefore lacks the diagnostic external feature of the LOS, a large, translucent flank patch, used to identify species in this genus. Geometric morphometric shape analysis of individuals ascribed to Equulites leuciscus, a traditionally widespread, "catch-all" taxon, reveals two discrete shape groups. Based on the results presented below, members of one of these groups correspond to a morphological variant that represents the new species (Equulites absconditus Chakrabarty & Sparks) described herein, whereas the other group corresponds to traditional E. leuciscus. In addition, the taxonomic status of Equula berbis Valenciennes, to which many female and poorly preserved specimens of the new species have erroneously been attributed, is reviewed and E. berbis is concluded to be a nomen dubium of uncertain placement beyond the family level.

scholarly journals Laophontopsis Sars and the taxonomic concept of the Normanellinae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida): A revision

1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Huys ◽  
Kris A. Willems
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Taxonomic Concept ◽  
A New Species

The taxonomic concept of the subfamily Normanellinae Lang (Harpacticoida, Laophontidae)is revised. As a result anew family Laophontopsidaeis proposed to accommodate Laophontopsis Sars and two new genera Aculeopsis and Telodocus. It is concluded that the presumed boreo-mediterranean distribution pattern displayed by the type species L. lamellifera (Claus) is merely the result of erroneous identifications. The population of northwest Europe is assigned to a new species L. borealis and another new species L. monardi is proposed for Monard’s (1928) material from Banyuls-sur-Mer. L. secundus Sewell is placed in the new genus Telodocus. Aculeopsis gen. nov. embraces only A. longisetosa spec. nov. and constitutes the most primitive genus of the family. The Laophontopsidaeare placed within the superfamily Laophontoidea. The Normanellinae are provisionally upgraded to family level despite their diphyletic status because this narrows the diagnosis of the Laophontidae considerably. The genera are attributed to two clearly defined but non-related subfamilies, Normanellinae Lang (Normanella Brady) and Cletopsyllinae subfam. nov. (Cletopsyllus Willey, Pseudocletopsyllus Vervoort). The genus Pseudocleta Lang is relegated to incertae sedis within the Laophontoidae.

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