Hominin Femur finding from Banjarejo: Its morphological character and taxonomical position

Recently, Banjarejo became an important prehistoric site for Quaternary research because of its significant faunal and hominin remains. This study aims to describe a new finding of the hominin femur specimen from the site and its taxonomical position in human evolution. The specimen was identified by morphological and metric descriptions of the external feature of the femur. Then, comparative study to Homo erectus (n=2), Homo neanderthalensis (n=8), Homo heidelbergensis (n=1), prehistoric Homo sapiens (n=44), Australopithecus africanus (n=1), Paranthropus robustus (n=2), also non-human primate including Pongo (n=1), Macaca (n=1) and Gibbon (n=1) using bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis presented the specimen in the evolutionary perspective. This study shows the morphological and metric character of Banjarejo specimen located between Homo erectus and prehistoric Homo sapiens population sample. Further study should be addressed to investigate the cultural and chronological context of the hominin specimen.

The Symbolism of the Caravaca Cross in the Work “Crux Christi Salva Nos” by Szymon Godziemba-Trytek

Relevance of the study. The author’s commentary of Szymon Godziemba-Trytek concerns the role of sacred symbol in his work “Crux Christi Salva Nos” for mixed choir, soloists, horns, double basses and percussion (2017). This study for the first time acquaints the Ukrainian audience with the creativity of a modern Polish composer, who fruitfully works in the field of symphonic, chamber, and especially vocal and choral music. Main Objective of the article is to show the author’s way of interpreting sacred symbols in the composition and drama of his work; to reveal the role of a symbol as a tool for integrating a composition into an intercultural context that arises on the basis of musical and extra-musical listening experience. Methodology/How the study was done. The empirical and analytical methods used in the research reflect the two sides of the author’s activity — he is a composer and a scientist. From the Christian symbol of Caravaca Cross that inspired him — to the compositional idea and its implementation in sounds: these are the stages of the creative process described in the article. Results/Findings and Conclusions. The composition of the work «Crux Christi Salva Nos» was determined by two aspects of the European Christian symbol Caravaca Cross — its graphics and the history of its existence in culture. The external feature of the Caravaca Cross is the mnemonic signs applied to its surface, they fix the sequence of prayer lines. The sequence of the placement of these signs forms the architectonics of Godziemba-Trytek’s musical work. The symmetry in the arrangement of the signs corresponds to the symmetry of the music composition. In the history of the existence of Caravaca Cross in European culture, the composer is most attracted by the emergence of various religious cults associated with it. They origins often are in folklore. Reflections on the process of acceptance of theological ideas among the people led the composer to some decisions in the field of drama, performing resources, stylistics. Specially, composer use the text of the Polish traditional Lent Song as the epilogue of his work. This epilogue becomes the quiet climax of the composition. The choir’s location and the way haw it is used in the work are also symbolic: within each subsequent movement, the choir is situated closer to the listener. Stylistic means reflect the idea of giving the dogmas of faith a human dimension.

A Complete Axiomatisation for Quantifier-Free Separation Logic

We present the first complete axiomatisation for quantifier-free separation logic. The logic is equipped with the standard concrete heaplet semantics and the proof system has no external feature such as nominals/labels. It is not possible to rely completely on proof systems for Boolean BI as the concrete semantics needs to be taken into account. Therefore, we present the first internal Hilbert-style axiomatisation for quantifier-free separation logic. The calculus is divided in three parts: the axiomatisation of core formulae where Boolean combinations of core formulae capture the expressivity of the whole logic, axioms and inference rules to simulate a bottom-up elimination of separating connectives, and finally structural axioms and inference rules from propositional calculus and Boolean BI with the magic wand.

Anthrenus (s. str.) corona (Coleoptera, Dermestidae, Anthrenini): a new species in the A. pimpinellae Fabricius, 1775 complex from Turkey

A new species from Turkey, Anthrenus (s. str.) corona, belonging to the Anthrenus pimpinellae complex is presented. The species is described from a single specimen discovered in the collection held by the Natural History Museum, London. The species was uncovered during the dissection of many specimens for the purpose of curation. The species is compared in detail to A. goliath, the most likely confusion species. An obvious external feature of the specimen is its large size, putting it apart from nearly all other species within the complex. The parameres and median lobe are slim, differing in many ways from A. goliath.

Mathematical model of the clutch of the Volkswagen Polo Sedan as an object of diagnosis

When designing a car, designers must find a compromise between the dynamism and economy of the car, on the one hand, and reliability and safety - on the other. The first problem is solved mainly by reducing the weight of the car by optimizing the design and reducing strength reserves, and the second - by increasing the strength and durability of structural elements. Reliability of units of cars is the maximum at work on steady modes that confirms experience of their operation. It is known that in the conditions of country routes on good roads reliability of cars is essentially higher, than at operation within the city. In cities, unstable modes of operation of car units are caused, first of all, by frequent stops and subsequent accelerations due to the presence of traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, railway crossings, traffic jams, steep ascents and descents on car routes, etc. All this necessitates frequent braking, shifting gears and moving. These circumstances lead to an increase in the dynamic load of the vehicle units and, as a consequence, to the intensification of the processes of wear of the friction pairs of the clutch discs, gears and cardan gears, and so on. All the factors that reduce the reliability of car units in urban conditions are particularly evident in the example of buses and taxis with a manual transmission. According to some data, the share of failures of mechanical transmission units of such cars is 19 ... 23% of all failures. During intensive operation of the car, various clutch malfunctions can occur. There are malfunctions of the actual clutch and malfunction of the clutch drive. Coupling defects occur not only due to intensive operation, but also due to violations of operating rules. Currently, clutch failures are mainly diagnosed by external signs. However, one external feature may correspond to several clutch failures. Thus, the process of determining the technical condition of the clutch of vehicles is an urgent scientific and technical task. A mathematical model of the clutch of the Volkswagen Polo Sedan as an object of diagnosis are presents in the article. A matrix for diagnosing the clutch of a Volkswagen Polo Sedan and a block diagram of its synthesis have been built.

External (Versus Internal) Facial Features Contribute Most to Repetition Priming in Facial Recognition: ERP Evidence

Previous event-related potential (ERP) research demonstrated four successive ERP components in the repetition priming of human face recognition: P100, N170, N250r, and N400. While these components correspond, respectively, to the four stages proposed by the interactive activation and competition (IAC) model, there has been no emphasis in past research on how internal and external facial features affect repetition priming and the sensitivity of these ERP components to item interval. This study was designed to address these issues. We used faces of celebrities as targets, including completely familiar faces, familiar internal feature faces, and familiar external feature faces. We displayed a target face either immediately following its prime (immediate repetition) or after a delay with interference from a presentation of two other faces (delayed repetition). ERP differences at P100 and N170 were nearly statistically non-significant; familiar faces and familiar external feature faces were associated with reliable ERP signals of N250r and N400 in the immediate repetition condition. For delayed repetition, however, N250r and N400 signals were only preserved for the familiar external feature faces. The differences of these ERP components suggest that, compared with internal facial features, external features of a previously presented face contribute more to brain-based facial repetition priming, particularly during the last two stages of the IAC model.

Political Violence and the Liberation Movements: 1960–1990

This chapter looks at the history of the armed struggles waged by South Africa’s liberation movements between 1960 and 1990. Among the organisations considered are the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), the National Committee of Liberation/Armed Resistance Movement (NCL/ARM), the Yu Chi Chan Club, and the Black Consciousness Movement, along with their military offshoots Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), Poqo, the Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA), the Azanian National Liberation Army (AZANLA) and others. The respective insurgencies are considered individually and comparatively, focusing on the tactical and strategic approaches adopted by the movements. The military methods employed by the organisations included sabotage, insurrection, guerrilla warfare and conventional conflict. The choices that they made regarding strategies and tactics were influenced by demographic, geographic, political and socio-economic considerations. But in addition to these South African factors, geopolitics also influenced the scope and intensity of armed resistance. This was because for the greater part of the period considered in the chapter, the organisations were movements-in-exile. Accordingly, their access to training, weapons, camps and infiltration routes was dependent on external goodwill. Operations within South Africa had to take cognisance of this external feature. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the process of the integration of the guerrilla armies into South Africa’s new national defence force after 1990.

Dynamics of physical fitness of students of Kurgan State University in the RLD system

The article presents the results of observations of the general physical fitness of male students of Kurgan State University. Deterioration of the physical fitness was observed in the 2011 - 2012 academic year. In the subsequent academic years, there were changes in the general physical fitness of male students. The article shows that since 2013 the physical fitness as an external feature of body functions has improved.

Pedestrians receptivity in autonomous vehicles: Exploring a video-based assessment

Pedestrian receptivity toward autonomous vehicles (AVs) usually depends on the extent to which they receive indication of the vehicle’s intended action. Previous studies have typically used overt subjective measures (trust measures, ratings, etc.) and few objective measures (walking speed, waiting time, etc.) to identify external features that can improve pedestrians’ receptivity toward AVs. The current study aims to evaluate pedestrians’ behavioral measures of receptivity based on their body (head and foot) movements as they experience an AV in a virtual traffic environment. Videos of pedestrians at a virtual crosswalk, interacting with an AV that was equipped with an external feature indicating different operator statuses were coded. The operator statuses used in this study included: no driver, attentive driver, and distracted driver. The external features used were: no feature, upraised hand, stop sign, walking silhouette, walk in text, music, and a verbal message. Pedestrian body movements were derived from the video to determine frequency for looking at the approaching vehicle while crossing and stops after initiating crossing. Average durations for initiating crossing after signal were calculated. For no feature condition, the waiting time was calculated when participants observed the car. Data were compared with pedestrians’ self-reported ratings for receptivity to investigate body movements’ sensitivity to participants’ receptivity level. Results suggest body movements are sensitive to individual differences in reported receptivity. Future work should further examine the utility of this behavioral metric by further examining situational differences.

Radio Frequency Fingerprint Extraction Based on Multidimension Permutation Entropy

Radio frequency fingerprint (RF fingerprint) extraction is a technology that can identify the unique radio transmitter at the physical level, using only external feature measurements to match the feature library. RF fingerprint is the reflection of differences between hardware components of transmitters, and it contains rich nonlinear characteristics of internal components within transmitter. RF fingerprint technique has been widely applied to enhance the security of radio frequency communication. In this paper, we propose a new RF fingerprint method based on multidimension permutation entropy. We analyze the generation mechanism of RF fingerprint according to physical structure of radio transmitter. A signal acquisition system is designed to capture the signals to evaluate our method, where signals are generated from the same three Anykey AKDS700 radios. The proposed method can achieve higher classification accuracy than that of the other two steady-state methods, and its performance under different SNR is evaluated from experimental data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal.